ASSIGNMENT

Chapter 1 : Chemical Reactions and Equations

Topic 1.1 : Chemical Reactions and Equations

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark]

Q.1. Complete the reaction : Fe2O3 + Al

Q.2. What happens chemically when quicklime is added to water?

Q.3. Name the products formed when zinc granules are treated with dilute sulphuric acid.

Q.4. Which one is a chemical change – fermentation of fruit juice or diluting fruit juice?

Q.5. What change in colour is observed when white silver chloride is left exposed to sunlight? What type of
chemical reaction is this?

Q.6. Balance the given chemical equation: Al(s) + CuCl2(aq) AlCl3(aq) + Cu(s)

Q.7. Balance the following chemical equation.

NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O

Q.8. Balance the chemical equation :

MnO2 + HCl (aq) MnCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (l) + Cl2 (g)

Q.9. What do you observe when a matchstick flame is brought near a tube containing hydrogen gas?

Short Answer Type Questions – I [2 Marks]

Q.1. Distinguish between an exothermic and an endothermic reaction. Amongst the following reactions, identify
the exothermic reaction and the endothermic reaction.
(i) Heating coal in air to form carbon dioxide.
(ii) Heating limestone in a lime kiln to form quicklime.

Q.2. When the powder of a common metal is heated in an open china dish, its colour turns black. However, when
hydrogen is passed over the hot black substance so formed, it regains its original colour. Based on the
above information answer the following questions:
(i) What type of chemical reaction takes place in each of the two given steps?
(ii) Name the metal initially taken in the powder form. Write balanced chemical equations for both reactions.

Q.3. Write balanced equations for the reaction of :

1 Class 10 Science
 (i) Iron with steam (ii) Calcium with water

Q.4. Crystals of copper sulphate are heated in a test tube for some time. What is the colour of copper
sulphate crystals
(i) before heating, and (ii) after heating?

Q.5. State any two observations in an activity which may suggest that a chemical reaction has taken place. Give
examples to support your answer.

Q.6. Write fully balanced chemical equation and state the physical condition and physical state of the
reactants in the following reaction.

2 Class 10 Science
 Aluminium metal dissolves in aqueous copper sulphate solution with the formation of aluminium sulphate
and copper.
(i) What do you understand by the following terms used in a chemical equation :
(a) reactants (b) products?

(ii) What does symbol ( ) represent in a chemical equation?

Q.7. A substance X, which is an oxide of a group 2 element, is used intensively in the cement industry.
This element is present in bones also. On treatment with water it forms a solution which turns red litmus
blue. Identify X and also write the chemical reactions involved.

Q.8. Grapes hanging on the plant do not ferment but after being plucked from the plant can be fermented. Under
what conditions do these grapes ferment? Is it a chemical change?

Ans. The microbes can grow in the plucked grapes under anaerobic conditions. But grapes when attached to the
plants, have their own immune system which prevents fermentation of grapes. Yes, fermentation of grapes
is a chemical change.

Q.9. Balance the following chemical equations

(a) Mg + N2 Mg3N2 (b) Al + Cl2 AlCl3

Short Answer Type Questions – II [3 Marks]

Q.1. Name the products formed in each case when :

(a) hydrochloric acid reacts with caustic soda.
(b) granulated zinc reacts with caustic soda.
(c) carbon dioxide is passed into limewater.

Q.2. Write chemical equations for the reactions taking place when.
(a) Magnesium reacts with dilute HNO3

(b) Sodium reacts with water

(c) Zinc reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid

Q.3. Complete the following chemical equations :

(i) C2H5OH + O2 (ii) Conc.2 H

5 443 K
2SO4
C H OH

(iii) CH3COOH + NaHCO3

Q.4. Complete the following chemical equations :

(i) CH3COOH + Na2CO3 (ii) CH4 + O2

3 Class 10 Science
 (iii) C2H5OH + Na

Q.5. (a) Write the essential condition for the following reaction to take place.
2AgBr 2Ag + Br2 Write application of this reaction.

(b) Complete the following chemical equation of a chemical reaction :

2FeSO4 H ea Fe O + ..... + .....

  2 3
t

(c) What happens when water is added to quicklime? Write chemical equations.

Q.6. On adding a drop of barium chloride solution to an aqueous solution of sodium sulphite, a white
precipitate is obtained.
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved.
(b) What other name can be given to this precipitation reaction?
(c) On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to the reaction mixture the white precipitate disappears. Why?

4 Class 10 Science
 Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks]

Q.1. Observe the given figure and answer the following questions.
(i) Write the complete balanced reaction for the above.
(ii) Type of reaction involved.
(iii) Is there any precipitate formed?
(iv) If any precipitate formed, write the colour of the precipitate.

.2. (a) Can we stir silver nitrate solution with a copper spoon? Why or why not? Support your answer with
reason.
(b) Why a brown coating is formed on the iron rod when iron rod is kept dipped in copper sulphate solution for
sometime? What change will be observed in the colour of the solution?

Q.3. (a) Balance the following chemical equations :

(i) NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O

(ii) PbO + C Pb + CO2

(iii) Fe2O3 + Al Al2O3 + Fe + Heat

(b) Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions.
(i) Barium chloride + Potassium sulphate Barium sulphate + Potassium Chloride

5 Class 10 Science
 (ii) Zinc metal + silver nitrate zinc nitrate + silver metal

Q.4. (a) Define a balanced chemical equation. Why should an equation be balanced?
(b) Write the balanced chemical equation for the following reason :
(i) Phosphorus burns in presence of chlorine to form phosphorus pentachloride.

(ii) Burning of natural gas

(iii) The process of respiration.

ACID BASES AND SALTS

Answer all the Questions: (1 MARK AND 2 MARKS QUESTIONS )

A) Short Answer Type Questions:

1. Name the natural source of each of the following acid
(i) Citric acid. (ii)Oxalic acid. (iii)Lactic acid. (iv)Tartaric acid.
2. A student detected the pH of four unknown solution A, B, C and D as follows 11, 5, 7 and
2. Predict the nature of the solution.
3. (i) Give the constituents of baking powder
(ii) Why cake or bread swells on adding baking powder? Write chemical equation.
4. A white coloured powder is used by doctors for supporting fractured bones.
(a) Write chemical name and formula of the powder.
(b) When this white powder is mixed with water a hardsolid mass is obtained. Write balanced
chemical equation for the change.

5. Explain the action of dilute hydrochloric acid on the following with chemical equation:

(i) Magnesium ribbon (ii) Sodium hydroxide (iii) Crushed egg shells

6. What is the common name of the compound Na2CO3.10H2O?

7. Name the substance which on treatment with chlorine yields bleaching powder.

6 Class 10 Science
 8. Name the sodium compound which is used for softening hard water.

9. The substance X commonly used in the kitchen for making tasty crispy pakoras and also it is added for
faster cooking. It is produced using sodium chloride as one of the raw materials. It is a mild non corrosive
basic salt. i. Write the chemical name of the substance ‘X’. ii. Write equation for formation of substance
‘X’. iii. Write balanced chemical equation when ‘X’ is heated during cooking.

10. ‘X’ which is also an ingredient in antacids is used for making ‘Y’, which is a mixture of ‘Y’ and a mild
edible acid such as tartaric acid. i. Identify the chemicals ii. Also write uses of ‘X’ and ‘Y’

11. What does 10H2O signify in Na2CO3.10H2O? Does it make Na2CO3 wet?

12. Copper sulphate crystals which seem to be dry contain water of crystallisation. When we heat the
crystals, this water is removed and the salt turns white. If you moisten the crystals again with water, you
will find that blue colour of crystals reappears. i. What is water of crystallisation? ii. How many water
molecules are present in one formula unit of copper sulphate? iii. Write chemical formula for hydrated
copper sulphate. iv. Name any two other substances having water of crystallisation.

13. What happens when Plaster of Paris reacts with water? Also give chemical equation.

14. Write uses of Plaster of Paris.

15.Why only half a molecule of water is shown to be attached as water of crystallisation in Plaster of Paris?

B) Long Answer Type Questions: ( 5 MARKS QUESTIONS )

1. (i) Dry pellets of a base ‘X’ when kept in open absorbs moisture and turns sticky. The compound is
also formed by chlor-alkali process. Write chemical name and formula of
X. Describe chlor-alkali process with balanced chemical equation. Name the type of reaction occurs
when X is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid. Write the chemical equation. (ii) While diluting an
acid, why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid?
2. (a) Crystals of a substance changed their colour on heating in a closed test
tube but regained it after sometime when they were allowed to cool down. Name the substance and
write its formula and explain the phenomenon involved.
(b) Name the compound whose one formula unit is associated with 10 water molecules. How is it
prepared? Give equations of related reactions. Give two uses of the compound.

3. Name the products formed in each case when

7 Class 10 Science
(a) hydrochloric acid reacts with caustic soda.

(b) granulated zinc reacts with caustic soda.

(c) carbon dioxide is passed into lime water.

4. Compounds like alcohols and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not categorised as
acids. Discuss an activity to prove it.

5. Describe an activity with diagram to illustrate that the reaction of metal carbonates and
metal bicarbonates with acids produces carbon dioxide. Write the relevant equations of all the
reactions that take place. Name any two forms in which calcium carbonate is found in nature.

6.Name one natural source of each of the following acids. (a) Citric acid (b) Oxalic acid (c) Lactic
acid (d) Tartaric acid
7. A farmer has found that pH of soil in his fields is 4.2. Name any two chemical material that he can mix
with the soil to adjust the pH.
8. While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the
acid?
9. Fresh milk has a pH of 6. When it changed into curd, will its pH value increase or decrease? Why?
10. Name the sodium compound used to remove the permanent hardness of water.
11. A white chemical compound becomes hard on mixing proper quantity of water.It is also used in surgery
to maintain joints in a fixed position. Name the chemical compound.
12. What is the commercial name of calcium sulphate hemi hydrate?
13. What will happen if heating is not controlled while preparing plaster of Paris?
14. CO2 gas is passed through lime water. Write the chemical equation to show the change. (a) What
happens if excess of CO2 is passed through lime water? (b) What is the product formed? (c) How will you
represent the reaction?
15. A metal compound reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid .The gas evolved here extinguishes a burning
candle. What is this metal compound? The other product formed here is MgCl2. Write the chemical
equation involved here.
16. What is meant by ‘hydrated’ and ‘anhydrous’ salts? Explain with an example.
17. What is the common name of Na2CO3.10 H2O? Write any two uses of the compound.
18. When the concentrated aqueous solution of substance X is electrolysed, then NaOH, Cl2, and H2 are
produced. Name the substance X. What is the special name of this process?

8 Class 10 Science
19. Describe how sodium hydrogen carbonate is produced on large scale. Write the chemical equation of the
reaction involved.
20. A white powdery substance having strong smell of chlorine is used for disinfecting water. Identify the
substance. Give its chemical name and write the chemical equation for its preparation.

9 Class 10 Science
 Chapter : Metals and Non-metals

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark]

1. Name two metals which are best conductors and poor conductors of heat.
2. A non –metal X exists in two different forms Y and Z. Y is the hardest substance known whereas Z is
used as an electrode. Identify X,Y and Z
3. Which are the most malleable metals?
4. Different forms of an element with same chemical properties but with different physical properties are
called allotropes. ----------- and ---------------are two allotropes of carbon.
5. Ionic compounds possess high melting point. Why?
6. Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in the solid state. Give reason.
7. Sodium and potassium are kept immersed in kerosene oil. Why?
8. Show the formation of calcium oxide by the transfer of electrons
9. Cinnabar is the ore of --------------
10. Carbonate and sulphide ores are usually converted into oxides during the process of extraction. Give
reason.
11. Which are the products formed at the anode and the cathode during the electrolysis of molten sodium
chloride?
12. The process of coating a thin layer of zinc over iron article is called------------------------

Short Answer Type Questions – I [2 Marks]

13. What are amalgams?
14. What is solder? What is it used for?

15. Differentiate between mineral, ore and gangue.

16. What is an alloy? What are the advantages of alloy formation?
17. Give reasons for the following.
(a) Sodium metal can be cut with a knife.
(b) Gallium and Caesium melts when kept on your palm.

10 Class 10 Science
18. What are amphoteric oxides? Give two examples. Also write equations that show the amphoteric nature
of any one oxide.
19. Name two metals that displace hydrogen from dilute acids. Write the chemical equations for the
reaction.
20. (a) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when a metal reacts with nitric acid. Why?
(b) List any two metals that react with dilute nitric acid to evolve H2 gas.

Short Answer Type Questions – II/Long answer type questions

[3 Marks/ 5 marks]

21. Write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions. (a) Calcium with water. (b) Iron with
steam. (c) Aluminium with steam. (d) Potassium with water.
22. An aluminium can is used to store ferrous sulphate solution. It is observed that in few days holes
appeared in the can. Explain the observation and write the chemical equation to support your answer.
23. List two differences between calcination and roasting.
24. What is thermit reaction? Write one example with chemical equation and mention the uses of this
reaction.
25. Explain electrolytic refining of copper with the help of a labelled diagram.
26. An element ‘X’ burns in oxygen to form an electrovalent compound XO. State the compounds you
expect will form if the element X is made to combine with (i) chlorine and (ii) sulphur. Mention the
chemical formula and nature of bond present in each case.
27. Give reasons. (a) Most of the metals exist as oxides. (b) Sodium and potassium are never found in the
native form. (c) Carbon is not used to reduce the oxides of sodium or aluminium
Additional questions
1) Why sodium is kept immersed in kerosene oil?
2) Write equations for the reactions of- (i) iron with steam (ii) calcium with water
3) How does the metal magnesium differ from the metal calcium in their reaction withwater?
4) Which gas is produced when sodium added to water?
5) Write the chemical reaction when zinc reacts with dilute H2SO4.
6) If copper metal is heated over a flame, it develops a coating. What is the colour and chemical formula of
this coating?
7) A non-metal X exists in two different forms Y and Z. Y is the hardest natural substance,whereas Z is a
good conductor of electricity. Identify X, Y, and Z.
11 Class 10 Science
8) Which one of the following metals does not react with oxygen even at high temperatures?(i) Calcium (ii)
Gold (iii) Sodium
9) What are amphoteric oxides? Give an example.
10) Write Chemical differences between metal and non-metal.

CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Section -1 (MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS): 1M
1. Pentane with molecular formula C5H12 has (a) 12 covalent bonds (b) 16 covalent bonds (c) 18 covalent
bonds (d) 15 covalent bonds
2. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding a homologous series? (i) Compounds in a
homologous series can have the same or different functional group. (ii) Compounds in a homologous series
have very less similarity in chemical properties. (iii) Difference between the two successive compounds in a
homologous series differ by a CH2 group. (iv) Successive members in a homologous series differ in
molecular mass by 14 units (a) i and ii (b) ii and iii (c) iii and iv (d) i and iv
3. Which of the following aliphatic compounds, is saturated molecule? (a) C6H12 (b) C2H2 (c) C5H10 (d)
C4H10
4. Three of the four compounds belong to a homologous series. Identify the odd one out. (a) C4H10
(b)C2H4 (c) C3H8 (d) C5H12
5. Which of these is not a property of Carbon? (a) Catenation (b) Tetravalency (c) Formation of ionic bonds
(d) Tendency to form multiple bonds
6. Name the metal that is not present in carbon family a) Si b) Ge c) Sb d) Sn
7. Which among the following is an unsaturated molecule that has the molecular formula of a cycloalkane.
a) C3H6 b) C8H18 c) C5H12 d) C3H4
8. which of the following statements is correct about the given electron dot structure a. The compound has 8
bonds of which one is a double bond b. The compound is formed of all single bonds of which one is a C-C
bond. c. The electrons in every shell of the atoms are shown in the structure. d. Electron dot structure
doesn't help to identify the bonds in a compound
9.Which of the following is unsaturated molecule? a) C3H8 b) C2H2 C) C5H12 d) C4H10
10. 3 rd homologue of alkyne series is--- a) Propyne b) propene c) butyne d) butane
11. Number of covalent bonds in cyclobutane is a) 12 b) 10 c) 4 d)14
12 Class 10 Science
12. Which of the following is not an alkane, alkene or alkyne? a) CH4 b) C2H2 c) CH3 d) C5H8

13. Which of the statement regarding homologous series is wrong? a) only alkanes have homologous series
b) consecutive members of a homologous series differ by an atomic mass of 14u c) A given homologous
series can be expressed by a general formula d) Homologues of a given series show gradation in physical
properties.
14.. Which of the following homologue does not belong to a given homologous series a) C5H12 b)C8H18
c)CH4 d)C2H4

SECTION -2 (ASSERTION REASON TYPE QUESTIONS): 1M

Following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions
selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
1.Assertion(A): Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon.
Reason (R): Some elements can have several different structural forms while in the same physical state.
These forms are called allotropes.
2. Assertion(A): Carbon compounds can form chain, branched and ring structures.
Reason (R): Carbon exhibits the property of catenation.
3. Assertion (A): Graphite is a good conductor of electricity. Reason (R): It has one free valence electron.
4. Assertion (A): Diamond is not good conductor of electricity. Reason: It has no free electrons.
5. Assertion (A): Graphite is slippery to touch. Reason: The various layers of carbon atoms in graphite are
held together by weak forces of attractions.
6. Assertion (A): Covalent compounds are generally poor conductor of electricity. Reason (R): They consist
of molecules and not ions which can transfer charge.
7. Assertion(A): The functional group present in alcohols is – OH.
Reason (R): It is the same group as present in water, hence water and alcohol have similar properties.

SECTION -3 (DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS): 3 M or 5 M

13 Class 10 Science
1. An element of group 14 has two common allotropes, A and B. A is very hard and is bad conductor of
electricity while B is soft to touch and good conductor of electricity. Identify the element and its allotropes.
2. Identify the following- (i) An allotrope of carbon which has a two-dimensional layered structure
consisting of flat hexagonal rings. (ii) An allotrope of carbon which looks like a soccer ball. (iii) An
allotrope of carbon which contains both single and double bonds.
3. A hydrocarbon molecule contains 3 carbon atoms. What would be its molecular formula in case it is (i)
an alkane (ii) an alkene (iii) an alkyne?
4. A hydrocarbon molecule has 4 carbon atoms. What would be its molecular formula in case it is (i) an
alkane (ii) an alkene (iii) an alkyne?
5. Allotropes of carbon has same chemical properties. Give reason.
6. How many non-bonded electrons are there in? a) Ammonia b) Methane c) Nitrogen
7.Alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated. What does it mean?
8. List any two properties of homologous series.
9. Compare the catenation ability of Carbon and Silicon.
10. Atom of an element contains 5 electrons in the valence shell. This element exists as diatomic
molecules, and is a major component of air. (a) Identify the element. (b) Show the bond formation between
two atoms of this element. (c) What is the nature of bond formed between the 2 atoms.
11. An element X found in nature in solid form has 4 electrons in valence shell of its atom. Its allotrope Y
has properties that allows it to be used as a dry lubricant, as also as a part of pencil lead. (a) Identify the
element. (b) What is this allotrope Y? (c) Write any 1 other use of this allotrope other than those mentioned
here. (d) Predict the ability of this allotrope to conduct electricity. Give reason. (e) Name two other
allotropes of this element other than Y.
12. Two elements A and B have the property C by which they can combine with more atoms of their same
type. Element A is a component of the gas D that is a respiratory byproduct, while element B is the second
most abundant element in the crust. (a) Identify the elements A and B. (b)What is the property C? (c)
Identify the gas D. (d) Among A and B, which one shows the property C to a greater extent? Why?
13. A and B are two organic compounds with the same molecular formula C5H10. Write their names and
structural formulae in case (a) A is a cyclic compound. (b) B is a straight chain compound. (c) Among A
and B, which one will have only single bonds? (d) Will it be A or B that has both single and double bonds?
14. In the electron dot structure of hydrogen molecules, each individual atom is not satisfying the octet.
Justify.
15. How many saturated hydrocarbons can be made using three carbon atoms? and hydrogen atoms? Name
them. 16. Carbon cannot make ionic compounds. Why?

14 Class 10 Science
17. Give the general formula of alkanes. Write the name, structural formula and 3M physical state of the
compound containing: (i) 3-carbon atoms (ii) 8-carbon atoms.
18. Why does carbon form compounds mainly by covalent bonding?
19. List the common physical properties of carbon compounds.
20. Compare the structures of diamond and graphite.
21. Write the general IUPAC names of alcohol, carboxylic acid, aldehyde and 2M ketone.
22. Draw the electron dot structure of ethyne and also draw its structural formula.
23. Draw the electron dot structure of O2 and N2 molecules
24. Define homologous series of organic compounds. List its two characteristics. Write the name and
formula of the first member of the series of alkenes.
25. Why homologous series of carbon compounds are so called? Write chemical formula of two consecutive
members of a homologous series and state the part of these compounds that determines their (i) physical
properties, and (ii) chemical properties.
26. (a) State two characteristic features of carbon which when put together give rise to a large number of
carbon compounds. (b) Catenation is the ability of an atom to form bonds with other atoms of the Same
element. It is exhibited by both carbon and silicon. Compare the ability Of catenation of the two elements.
Give reasons.
27. a) How can you prove that butene and propane are not in a given homologous Series?
a) Name the first four homologues of alkene series? b) How many covalent bonds are there in propene

15 Class 10 Science