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80 views

Interview Questions

Uploaded by

Sandeep Kumar Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What are different insulators employed in substations?

Some of the insulators employed in substations are:

 Pin insulators
 Post insulators
 Strain insulators
 Suspension insulators
 Hallow apparatus insulators
 Dead-end insulators
 Solid core insulators

What is creepage distance?

Answer: Creepage distance is the shortest distance between two conducting points along the
surface of the insulating material.

What is Basic Impulse Level (BIL)?

Answer: Basic Impulse Level (BIL) refer to the peak value of lightning impuse voltage withstand
capability of the equipment

What are the disadvantages of corona?

Answer: Some of the disadvantages of corona are:

 Corona causes power loss


 Corona causes unacceptable noise
 Corona cause radio interference

What is the significance of Corona rings in substations?

Answer: It is observed that corona discharge occurs mostly at sharp corners, edges near the
conductor fixing points. Corona rings also called grading rings are hallow metallic rings having
large diameter and will have a smooth surface. These corona rings are placed suitably to metal
clamps, joints to encircle the conductors surface. This have the advantage of shifting of high
stress point shifted from conductor surface to corona ring surface. As the diameter and surface
area of the ring is higher than that of the conductor. This helps in:

 Field distribution is made uniform


 Surface stress is reduced to much lower value
 Corona discharge is eliminated
 Dust deposition is also minimized

What is the neutral point earthing and its advantages?


In substation all the neutrals of rotating machines, transformers, busbars and other equipmentare
connected to ground. Some of the advantages are:

 Earth fault protection is based on the method of neutral grounding


 The system voltage during earth faults depends on the neutral grounding. During line to
ground faults, grounding of neutral helps to reduce the over-voltages which occur on the
onehealthy phases.

What are the different substation components ?

Circuit Breakers, Disconnecting switches, Grounding switches, Current Transformers, Potential


Transformers or Capacitor voltage Transformers, Line Traps, Lightning Arrestors, Power
Transformers, Shunt Reactors, Current limiting reactors, Station Buses and Insulators,
Grounding system, Series capacitors and shunt capacitors.

What are different types of busbar arrangement Schemes in Substations?

Different switching schemes or busbar arrangement scheme employed in switch-yard are:

 Single Bus Scheme


 Double bus single breaker scheme
 Main and Transfer busbar scheme
 Double bus single breaker scheme
 Breaker and half scheme
 Ring main bus scheme

Which type of bus arrangement is costlier and more reliable?

One and half breaker scheme is most reliable and costlier scheme. In one and half breaker
scheme 3 circuit breakers are provided for 2 bus-bars. Hence the name is coined as One and half
breaker scheme

For distribution network which type of Switching scheme is employed?

For distribution network Ring Main busbar scheme is employed. It has the provision that if
power interruption occurs to one bus section due to maintenance or fault, power can be fed the
bus from other side of the power system.

Factors on which material of station busbar depends?

Some of the factors on which station busbar depends are:

 Current Carrying capacity


 Short Circuit Stresses
 Establishing minimum electrical clearances
What are the different electrical clearances in Substation?

Ground Clearance: This is the minimum distance between any live conductor and the earth or
ground.

Phase Clearance: It is the clearance between the different phases in a circuit or same phases in
different circuits

Sectional Clearance: This is the minimum clearance between the live conductor and the limits
of work, where spacial clearance is related to the safety of the operating personnel. The limits of
work section may be ground or the platform on which the person is working.

Why EHV busbars are hallowed and circular?

To avoid corona effect.

What are different Bus bar materials used in Substation?

Busbars are generally made of copper and Aluminum. Aluminim has the advantage of one third
the weight of the copper and also Aluminum requires less maintenance and proper use of alloys
provide necessary rigidity required for bus material. Aluminum is used widely in EHV and HV
stations

What is the first equipment of the substation connected to the incoming transmission line?

Lightning arrestor is the first equipment of the substation connecting the incoming transmission
lines. It protects other substation equipment from lightning and switching surges
by suppressing them to ground. Lightning arrestors also placed in the substation between both
the ends of major equipment such as power transformers for protection.

Gas Insulated Substations Advantages Disadvantages ?

Gas Insulated Substations (GIS?


Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) are differ from Air Insulated Substations (substations we usually
see) such that all the substation equipment such as busbars, circuit breakers, current transformer,
potential transformers and other substation equipment are placed inside SF6 modules filled with
SF6 gas. SF6 gas which has high dielectric property acts as insulating medium to the High
Voltage or Extra High Voltage substation equipment. Generally Gas Insulted Substations (GIS)
are indoor type as it requires 1/10th of the space required for conventional substations. Some of
the advantages and disadvantages of Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) ar?
Advantages of GIS Substatio?

It occupies very less space (1/10th) compared to ordinary substations. Hence these Gas Insulated
Substations (GIS) are most preferred where area for substation is small (e? Cities)
Most reliable compared to Air Insulated Substations, number of outages due to the fault is less
Maintenance Free
Can be assembled at the shop and modules can be commissioned in the plant easily

Disadvantages of GIS Substatio?

Cost is higher compared to Ordinary Conventional Substations


Care should be taken that no dust particles enter into the live compartments which results in flash
overs
When fault occurs internally,diagnosis of the fault and rectifying this takes very long time
(outage time is high)
SF6 gas pressure must be monitored in each compartment, reduction in the pressure of the SF6
gas in any module results in flash overs and faults

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