Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 9 views

    Lecture 8 Sampling

    Uploaded by

    Anwar shah

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lecture 8 Sampling

    Uploaded by

    Anwar shah
    9 views17 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views17 pages

    Lecture 8 Sampling

    Uploaded by

    Anwar shah

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 17

    SAMPLING METHODS

    Department of Psychology AWKUM

    1
    SAMPLING

     A sample is a smaller collection of units from a


    population
     Used to learn about that population

     3 factors that influence sample representativeness

    1. Sampling procedure
    2. Sample size
    3. Participation (response)

    2
    Population
     What is your population of interest?
     To whom do you want to generalize your results?
     Alldoctors
     School children
     Pakistanis
     Women aged 15-45 years
     Bank employees
     Others

    3
    SAMPLING

    STUDY POPULATION

    SAMPLE

    TARGET POPULATION

    4
    PROBABILITY SAMPLING
     Every unit in population has a chance (greater than zero) of
    being selected into sample
     Probability of being selected can be determined
     Every element in population has same probability of
    selection= ‘Equal Probability of Selection' (EPS) design
     1. Simple Random Sampling
     2. Stratified Random Sampling
     3. Cluster Sampling

    5
    1. SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
     When population is:
     Small , Homogeneous, easily available
     Each element of the frame has equal probability of
    selection
     Provides for greatest number of possible samples.
     A table of random numbers or lottery system is used to
    determine which units are selected
     Disadvantages
     If sampling frame is large, method impractical
     Minority subgroups of interest in population may not be
    present in sample in sufficient numbers for study
    6
    3. STRATIFIED SAMPLING
     Population contains a number of categories
     Sampling frame can be organized into separate "strata“
     Each stratum is sampled as an independent sub-
    population
     Every unit in a stratum has same chance of being
    selected.

    7
    STRATIFIED SAMPLING
    STRATIFIED SAMPLING
    Benefits:
    • Using same sampling fraction for all strata ensures
    balanced representation in sample
    • Adequate representation of minority subgroups of
    interest can be ensured by stratification
    • Drawbacks:
    • In some cases (designs with a large number of strata,
    or), stratified sampling can potentially require a larger
    sample than other methods.

    9
    . Cluster Sampling
    Cluster sampling is used when the population has
    "natural" but relatively homogeneous (similar) groups. It
    is often used in market research surveys.
     The total population is divided into these groups (or
    clusters)
     A simple random sample of the groups is selected.
    Then
     The required information is collected from a simple
    random sample of the elements within each selected
    group.
    NON PROBABILITY SAMPLING

     Any sampling method where some elements of population


    have no chance of selection or
     Where probability of selection cannot be accurately
    determined
     Selection of elements based on assumptions regarding
    population of interest

    12
    NONPROBABILITY SAMPLING
     Nonprobability Sampling includes:
     Convenience Sampling,
     Quota Sampling
     Purposive Sampling.

    13
    1. CONVENIENCE SAMPLING

     Use results that are easy to get

    14
    14
    CONVENIENCE SAMPLING
     Nonprobability sampling which involves sample drawn
    from part of population that is close.
     That is, easily available=Convenient
     They are easy to recruit.
     They can be a self-selection of individuals willing to participate.
    (a self-selected sample)

     Example: Interviewer conducts survey at shopping center


    early in morning on a given day
     People he/she could interview limited to those in shopping
    center at that time on that day

    15
    QUOTA SAMPLING
    • In quota sampling, selection of sample is non-random.
    • This means that elements from the population are chosen
    on a non-random basis and all members of the population
    do not have an equal chance of being selected to be a part
    of the sample group.
    • For example: Interviewers might be tempted to interview
    those who look most helpful.
    • Problem: Samples may be biased because not everyone
    gets a chance of selection.
    3. Purposive Sample
     Sample is selected based on researchers’ knowledge of a
    population and purpose of the study.
     Subjects selected because of some characteristic. For
    instance, if a researcher is interested in learning more
    about students at the top of their class,
     Sample those students who fall into the "top of the class"
    category.
     They will be purposively selected because they meet a
    certain characteristic.

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy