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    RMM 3

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    1. Sampling involves selecting a subset of a population to make inferences about the whole population. It allows researchers to gather data with known accuracy more efficiently than a census. 2. There are two main types of sampling: probability sampling, where every member of the population has a known chance of being selected, and non-probability sampling, where selection is non-random. 3. Common probability sampling methods include simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, multistage sampling, and cluster sampling. Non-probability methods include convenience sampling and purposive sampling.

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    RMM 3

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    porseena
    91 views18 pages
    1. Sampling involves selecting a subset of a population to make inferences about the whole population. It allows researchers to gather data with known accuracy more efficiently than a census. 2. There are two main types of sampling: probability sampling, where every member of the population has a known chance of being selected, and non-probability sampling, where selection is non-random. 3. Common probability sampling methods include simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, multistage sampling, and cluster sampling. Non-probability methods include convenience sampling and purposive sampling.

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    1. Sampling involves selecting a subset of a population to make inferences about the whole population. It allows researchers to gather data with known accuracy more efficiently than a census. 2. There are two main types of sampling: probability sampling, where every member of the population has a known chance of being selected, and non-probability sampling, where selection is non-random. 3. Common probability sampling methods include simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, multistage sampling, and cluster sampling. Non-probability methods include convenience sampling and purposive sampling.

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    91 views18 pages

    RMM 3

    Uploaded by

    porseena
    1. Sampling involves selecting a subset of a population to make inferences about the whole population. It allows researchers to gather data with known accuracy more efficiently than a census. 2. There are two main types of sampling: probability sampling, where every member of the population has a known chance of being selected, and non-probability sampling, where selection is non-random. 3. Common probability sampling methods include simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, multistage sampling, and cluster sampling. Non-probability methods include convenience sampling and purposive sampling.

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    SAMPLING

    1. A sample is a smaller (but hopefully


    representative) collection of units from a
    population used to determine truths about that
    population

    2. Why sample?
    Resources (time, money) and workload

    Results with known accuracy that can be

    calculated mathematically
    1
    Probability versus Nonprobability
    Probability Samples: each member of the

    population has a known non-zero probability of


    being selected
    SAMPLING .
    STUDY POPULATION

    SAMPLE

    TARGET POPULATION

    3
    Types of Sampling

    Probability Sampling

    Simple random sampling


    Systematic random sampling
    Stratified random sampling
    Multistage sampling
    Cluster sampling
    Non-Probability Samples
    Convenience sampling
    Purposive sampling
    Quota sampling

    4
    SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
    Applicable when population is small, homogeneous &
    readily available

    It provides for greatest number of possible samples.


    This is done by assigning a number to each unit in the
    sampling frame.

    Eg:A table of random number or lottery system is used


    to determine which units are to be selected.

    5
    SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
    Systematic sampling relies on arranging the target
    population according to some ordering scheme and then
    selecting elements at regular intervals through that
    ordered list.

    Example : would be to select every 3rd person from the


    targeted group

    6
    STRATIFIED SAMPLING
    Where population embraces a number of distinct
    categories, the frame can be organized into separate
    "strata." Each stratum is then sampled as an
    independent sub-population, out of which individual
    elements can be randomly selected.

    Draw a sample from each stratum

    7
    Multistage Sampling

    Clusters are selected at random.


    Elements are selected at random within each
    cluster.
    Saves time and money for personal
    interviews.
    Cluster Sampling

    Elements are divided into groups of equal


    number of elements (i.e., clusters).
    The clusters are selected at random.
    All elements within a cluster are included in
    the initial sample.
    Nonprobability Sampling
    Nonprobability Samples: members are selected
    from the population in some non random manner
    Convenience sampling
    Convenience sampling is used in exploratory
    research where the researcher is interested in
    getting an inexpensive approximation.

    The sample is selected because they are


    convenient.
    Judgment sampling

    Judgment sampling is a common


    nonprobability method.
    The sample is selected based upon
    judgment.
    Quota sampling
    Quota sampling is the nonprobability equivalent of
    stratified sampling.

    First identify the stratums and their proportions as they


    are represented in the population

    Then convenience or judgment sampling is used to


    select the required number of subjects from each
    stratum.
    Sample Size?
    The more heterogeneous a population is, the larger the
    sample needs to be.

    Depends on topic frequently it occurs?

    For probability sampling, the larger the sample size, the


    better.

    With nonprobability samples, not generalizable


    regardless still consider stability of results

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