11

- GENERAL
MATHEMATICS
Quarter 1: Week 1

LESSON 1:
“Function”

What Is It

RELATIONS
- is the relationship between set of values that can be one-to-one, many-to-one, or one-to-many
correspondence.

 Domain – set of all x-coordinates / input.

 Range – set of all y-coordinates / output.

FUNCTION
- is a relation such that every element in the domain is paired to exactly one element in the range.
(one-to-one or many-to-one correspondence)

Representation of Functions and Relations:

 1. Sets
relation A = {(1,a),(1,b),(1,c,),(1,d)} function B = {(1,a),(2,b),(3,c,),(4,d)}

2. Tables
A
relation x 1 1 1 1 B
function x 1 1 1 1
y a b c d y a b c d

3. Diagrams
Domain Range Domain Range
relation function
a 1 a
b 2 b
1 c 3 c
d 4 d

4. Graphs
“The Vertical Line Test” - a graph represents a function if and only if each vertical line intersects
the graph at most once.

TRY THIS!

We say that for a relation to become a function, the value of the domain must correspond to single value
of the range. Let’s read some of the scenarios and determine if they can be classified as function or not.

1. June and Mae are in a long-time relationship until June realized that he wants to marry Mae.
2. Kim is a naturally born Filipino but because of her eyes, many people confused if she is a Chinese.
3. Andrei made a survey on the religion of his classmates.
 What’s More

RECITATION: Choose the letter of the best answer

a. c.

b. d.
LESSON 2:
“Function as model”
Functions as representations of real-life situations
Functions can often used to model real situations. Identifying an appropriate functional model will lead to
a better understanding of various phenomena.

Example 1:
Give a function C that can represent the cost of buying x meals, if one meal costs ₱40.00.
Solution. Since each meal costs ₱40.00, then the cost function is C(x)=40x.

Example 2:
Kevin started saving for a charity cost by selling paintings he made. He has initial savings of ₱30.00 and
saves ₱15.00 everyday. Give a function K that can represent Kevin’s savings.
Solution. Since Kevin has initial savings of ₱30.00 and in addition to his daily savings of ₱15.00,
therefore the function is K(x)=30+15x

Example 3:
If height(H) is a function of age (a), give a function H that can represent the height of a person in a age, if
every year the height is added by 2 inches.
Solution. Since every year the height is added by 2 inches, then the height function is H(a) = 2 + a

Piecewise Functions
Some situations can only be described by more than one formula, depending on the value of the
independent variable. In this case, we need to apply the piecewise function.

A piecewise function is a function in which more than one formula is used to define the output. Each
formula has its own domain, and the domain, and the domain of the function is the union of all these
smaller domains.
 D. A user is charged ₱300.00 monthly for a particularly mobile plan, which includes 100 free text
messages. Messages in excess of 100 are charged ₱1.00 each. Represent the amount a consumer pays
each month as a function of the number of messages m sent in a month.
Solution. Let t(m) represent the amount paid by the consumer each month. It can be expressed by the
piecewise function
t(m) = 300 if 0 < m ≤100
 300+m if m > 100

E. A jeepney ride costs ₱8.00 for the first 4 kilometers, and each additional integer kilometre adds
₱1.50 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the jeepney Fee in terms of the distance d
kilometers.
Solution. The input value is distance and the output is the cost of the jeepney fare. If F(d) represents the
fare as a function of distance, the function can be represented as follows:

F(d) = 8 if 0 < d ≤ 4
8 + 1.5(d) if d > 4

What’s More - (Show your complete solution) -

LESSON 3:
“Evaluating function”

Types of Functions
Before you proceed to this module, try to look and analyse some of the common types of functions that you might
encounter as you go on with this module.

Types of Function Description Example

Constant Function A constant function is a function that has Y=7
same output value no matter what your
input value is. Because of this, a constant
function has the form f(x) = b , where b is
a constant (a single value that does not
change).
Identity Function The identity function is a function which F(2) = 2
was used as its argument. In other word,
the identity function is the function f(x) =
x, for all values of x.

Polynomial Function A polynomial function is defined by y = a0

+ a1x + a2x + … + an xn , where n is a non-
negative integer and a0 , a1 , a2 , … , n Є R.

a. Linear The polynomial function with the degree y = 2x + 5

Function one. It is in the form y = mx + b

b. Quadratic If the degree of the polynomial function y = 3x2 + 2X + 5

Function is two, then it is a quadratic function. It is
expressed as y = ax2 + bx + c , where a ≠
0 and a, b, c are constant and x is a
variable.

c. Cubic A cubic polynomial function is a y = 5x3 + 3x2 + 2x + 5

 Function polynomial of degrees three and can be
denoted by f(x) = ax2 + bx2 + cx + d ,
where a ≠ 0 and d are constant and x is a
variable.

Power Function A power function is a function in the y = 8x5

form power function is a function in the
form y = axb where is any real constant
number. Many of our parent functions
such as linear functions and quadratic
functions are in fact power functions.

Rational Function A rational function is any function which

can be represented by a rational fraction
say, p(x) in which p(x) f(x) = x2 – 3x + 2
q(x) x2 - 4
numerator, p(x) and denominator, q(x)
are polynomial functions of x, where q(x)
≠ 0.

Exponential These are functions of the form: y = 2x

Function y = ab2 ,
where x is an exponent and a and b are
constants. (Note that only b is raised to
the power of x; not a.) If the base b is
greater than 1 then the result I
exponential growth.

Logarithmic Logarithmic functions are the invests y = log7 49

Function exponential functions, and any
exponential function can be expressed in
logarithmic form. Logarithms are very
useful in permitting us to work with very
large numbers of a much more
manageable size. It is written in the form
= logb x x > 0, where b > 0 and b ≠ 1

Absolute Value The absolute value of any number, c is y= x–4 +2

Function represented in the form of c . If any
function f: R R is defined by f(x) = x ,
it is known as absolute value functions.
For each non – negative value of x, f(x) =
-x, i.e., f(x) = { x, if x ≥ 0 ; -x, if < 0

Greatest Integer If a function f: R R is defined by f(x) = f(x) = x + 1

Function [x], x Є X. it round-off to the real number where x is the
to the integer less than the number. greatest integer
Suppose, the value of the greatest function
 integer function is k which is an integer.

Evaluating function is the process of determining the value of the function at the number assigned to a given
variable. Just like in evaluating algebraic expressions, to evaluate function you just need to a.) replace each letter in
the expressions, the assigned value and b.) perform the operations in the expression using the correct order of
operations.

Look at these examples!

Example 1: Given f(x) = 2x – 4, find the value of the function if x = 3.

Solution:
f(3) = 2(3) – 4  Substitute 3 for x in the function.
f(3) = 6 - 4  Simplify the expression on the right side of the equation.

f(3) = 2

Answer: Given f(x) = 2x – 4 , f(3) = 2

Example 2: Given g(x) 3x2 + 7 , find g(-3)
Solution:
g(-3) = 3(-3)2 + 7
g(-3) = 3(9) + 7  Substitute -3 for x in the function.
 Simplify the expression on the right side of the equation.
g(-3) = 27 + 7
g(-3) = 34
Answer: Given g(x) = 3x2 + 7 , (-3) = 34

Example 3: Given p(x) = 3x2 + 5x – 2 , find p(0) and p(1).

 Solution:
p(0) = 3(0)2 = 5(0) – 2
p(0) = 3(0) + 0 – 2
p(0) = - 2
Treat each of these like two separate problems. In each
case, you substitute the value for x and
in for simplify.
x and Start
simplify. Start
with x = 0 , then x = -1.
p(0) = 3(-1)2 + 5(-1) – 2
p(0) = 3(1) – 5 – 2
p(0) = 3 – 5 – 2
p(0) = - 4
Answer: Given p(x) = 3x2 + 5x – 2 , p(0) = - 2 , p(-1) = -4

Example 4: Given f(x) = 5x + 1 , find f(h + 1).

Solution:
 This time, you substitute (h + 1) into the equation
f(h+ 1) = 5(h + 1) for x.
 Use the distributive property on the right side,
f(h+ 1) = 5h + 5 + 1 and then combine like terms to simplify.
f(h+ 1) = 5h + 6
Answer: Given f(x) = 5x + 1 , f(h + 1) = 5h + 6

4x + 8
Example 5: Given h(x) = , find the value of function if x = -5
2x - 4
Solution:
4(-5) + 8
h(-5) =
2(-5) - 4
 Substitute 3 / 2 for x in the function.
-20 + 8  Simplify the expression on the right side of the
h(-5) = equation. (get the cubed of 2 which is 8, then
-10 - 4 simplify)

-12 6
h(-5) = or
-14 7

4x + 8 6
Answer: Given h(x) = , h(-5) =
2x - 4 7
Example 6: f(x) = | x – 8 | where | x – 8 | means the absolute value of x – 8 if x = 3.
Solution:
 Substitute 3 for x in the function.
f(3) = |3 – 8|  Simplify the expression on the right side of the
f(3) = |-5| equation. (remember that any number in the
absolute value sign is always positive)
f(3) = 5

Answer: Given f(x) = |x – 8| , f(3) = 5

What’s More

Your Turn! Write your final answers on the answer sheet provided.

Evaluate the following functions.

1. f(x) = 3x - 5 , find (2)

2. g(x) = 3|2x| , find g(6)

3. k(a) = |a| - 2 , find k(-9)

4. p(a) = -4a – 2 , find p(2a)

5. g(t) = t2 , find g(-2)

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers on the answer sheet provided.

1. Which of the following is not a polynomial function?

a. f(x) = 2x – 10
b. g(x) = 4x2 – 3x + 8
c. p(x) = x3 – 7
d. s(x) = |3x-2 – 4| - 9

2. What kind of function is being illustrated by f(x) = 3x / 7

a. Rational Function
b. Constant Function
c. Greatest Integer Function
d. Absolute Value Function

3. Find the function value given h(x) = 9 – 5x of x = 3m

a. 9 – 15m
b. 9 – 15m2
c. 9 + 15m
d. 9 + 15m2

4. Which of the following shows an exponential function?

a. f(x) = 3x + 8
b. f(x) = 2x2 – 7
c. f(x) = 3x – 6
d. f(x) = |x| - 8

5. Find the function value given h(x) = 3x – 8 , if x = 9a + 1

a. 27a + 5
b. 27a – 5
c. 18a + 11
d. 18a – 11
LESSON 4:
“Operations on function”
Definition: Let f and g be the function.

1. Their sum , denoted by f + g , is the function denoted by (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x).

2. Their difference, denoted by f – g , is the function denoted by (f - g)(x) = f(x) - g(x).

3. Their product, denoted by f * g , is the function denoted by (f * g)(x) = f(x) * g(x).

4. Their quotient, denoted by f / g , is the function denoted by (f / g)(x) = f(x) / g(x).

5. The composite function denoted by (f o g)(x) = f(g(x)). The process of obtaining a

composite function is called function composition.

Example 1. Given the functions:

f(x)=x+5 g(x)=2x-1 h(x)=2x2+9x-5

Determine the following functions:

a. (f+g)(x) e. (f+g)(3)
b. (f-g)(x) f. (f-g)(3)
c. (f*g)(x) g. (f*g)(3)
d. (h/g)(x) h. (h/g)(3)

Solution:
 COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS:

In composition of functions, we will have a lot of substitutions.

Some authors call this operation as “Function of function”.

Example 2. Given f(x) = x2+5x+6 , and h(x) = x+2 Find the following:

a. (f o h)(x)
b. (f o h)(4)
c. (h o f)(x)
 GENMATH Quarter 1: Week 3

NAME:

SECTION:

ACTIVITY 1
Direction: Match column A with column B by writing the letter of the correct answer to the space
provided before each number. (Show your COMPLETE SOLUTIONS)
 ACTIVITY 2
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers on the answer sheet provided.