Paper 4 2001-2023

April-2003
September 2008
[KT 116] Sub. Code: 2013
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION
Branch III – Pathology
Paper IV – IMMUNOPATHOLOGY, HAEMATOLOGY

PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS TO
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN
LABORATORY SERVICES
(Common to all candidates)
Q.P. Code : 202013

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
Draw suitable diagram wherever necessary.

Answer ALL questions.
I. Essay questions : (2 X 20 = 40)
1. Classify anemias. Discuss the etiopathogenesis, morphology and lab
diagnosis of pernicious anemia.
2. Discuss the available immune markers in diagnostic pathology. Mention the

recent advances in identification of tumors by immuno-histochemistry.
II. Write short notes on : (10 X 6 = 60)

1. Utility and accuracy of zeta sedimentation.
2. Tropical sprue.
3. Recent advances in stem cell therapy.
4. Discuss pulmonary cytopathology -- routine and ancillary treatment.
5. Diseases of red cell membrane.
6. Complications of plasmacytoma.
7. Automation in urine analysis.
8. Von-willebrand’s disease.
9. Recent advances in organ transplantation protocols.
10. Antibody – dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).
______________
March 2009
[KU 116] Sub. Code: 2013

Branch III – PATHOLOGY
Paper IV – IMMUNOPATHOLOGY, HAEMATOLOGY PRINCIPLES
AND APPLICATIONS TO TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN
LABORATORY SERVICES
Q.P. Code : 202013
I. Essay questions : (2 x 20 = 40)
1. Define disseminated intravascular coagulation. Describe the
etiopathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis.
2. Discuss prognostic indices of breast carcinoma.
II. Write short notes on : (10 x 6 = 60)

1. Describe the role of serum lipids in health and disease.
2. Discuss molecular basis and diagnosis of thalassemia.
3. Discuss role of automation in clinical pathology.
4. Recent concepts in papillary carcinoma of thyroid.
5. Micro satellite instability.
6. Congenital dyserythropoitic anemias.
7. Laboratory diagnosis of acute leukemias.
8. Describe principles and applications of flow cytometry.
9. Role of immunity in Hodgkins disease.
10. FNAC of thyroid lesions.
******
September 2009
[KU 116] Sub. Code: 2013

LABORATORY SERVICES
Q.P. Code : 202013
1. Classify haemolytic anaemias. Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical
features and laboratory findings in immune haemolytic anaemia.
2. Discuss the role of immunohistochemistry and molecular biology in the

classification of lymphomas and leukemia.

1. Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia
2. Aggregometer
3. Automation in ESR
4. Liquid based cytology preparation
5. Thrombasthenia
6. Tests for Bence Jones protein
7. Fanconi’s anaemia
8. LAP test
9. Downy cell
10. Pleocytosis
******
March 2010
[KW 116] Sub. Code: 2013

LABORATORY SERVICES
Q.P. Code : 202013
1. How do you investigate myelodysplastic syndrome?
2. Lymphoma – update.
1. Banking of haematopoetic stem cell.

2. Stromal reactions of bone marrow.
3. Platelet therapy and apheresis.
4. Minimal residual disease in leukemia.
5. Discuss organization and legal concerns of blood banking.
6. Haemoglobinopathies in India.
7. β – Thalassemia – molecular biology and laboratory diagnosis.
8. Acute prolymphocytic leukemia.
9. Stains used in vaginal cytology.
10. Discuss creatinine clearance tests.
******
September 2010
[KX 116] Sub. Code: 2013
Branch III – Pathology
Paper IV – IMMUNOPATHOLOGY, HAEMATOLOGY, PRINCIPLES

LABORATORY SERVICES
Q.P. Code : 202013


I. Essay questions : (2 X 20 = 40)
1. What are blood components? Describe the preparation, storage and uses of
blood components.
2. Classify anemias. Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and

laboratory findings in Aplastic anemia.
II. Write short notes on : (10 X 6 = 60)
1. Glycosylated Haemoglobin.
2. Electrophoresis.
3. Interpretation of synovial biopsies.
4. Importance of calibration verification in clinical laboratory.
5. Myeloproliferative diseases.
6. Refractory anemias.
7. Idiopathic thrombocytopenia.
8. DIVC.
9. Paps smear.
10. Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia.
******
MAY 2011
[KY 116] Sub. Code: 2013
BRANCH III – PATHOLOGY
IMMUNOPATHOLOGY, HAEMATOLOGY, PRINCIPLES AND
APPLICATIONS TO TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN LABORATORY SERVICES
Q.P. Code : 202013
Time : 3 hours Maximum : 100 marks
(180 Min)
Answer ALL questions in the same order.
Pages Time Marks
I. Essay: (Max.) (Max.) (Max.)
1. Discuss the pathogenesis, morphology and complications of
sickle cell disease. 6 15 10
2. Digital photography in histopathology. 6 15 10
II. Short Questions:
1. S 100. 3 8 5
2. Latest classification of myeloid neoplasms. 3 8 5
3. Pathology of bonenarrow failure. 3 8 5
4. Von Willibrand disease. 3 8 5
5. Molecular markers of early cervical neoplasia. 3 8 5
6. Mantle cell lymphoma. 3 8 5
7. Hairy cell leukemia. 3 8 5
8. Tissue array. 3 8 5
III. Reasoning Out:
1. 62/F presented with mild weakness. On examination she had
cervical and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. Total count
was 185000/µL, Peripheral smear was done. 4 10 5
Describe the molecular pathogenesis, morphology and
prognosis for this case.
2. 36/F presented with fatigue and weakness. Peripheral smear
was taken. Discuss the morphology and etiology of the case. 4 10 5
3. 40/F presented with fever with rigor and mild
hepatosplenomegaly. Peripheral smear was done for
diagnosis. Discuss in detail the Peripheral smear picture. 4 10 5
4. 42/F admitted with fever, night sweat, weight loss, painless
cervical lymphadenopathy. Lymph node biopsy was done.
CD15 and CD30 positive. Describe the morphology and
molecular genetics of this disease. 4 10 5
IV. Very Short Ansers :
1. Dorfman Chanarin syndrome. 1 4 2
2. P blood group. 1 4 2
3. B cell associate antigens detected by monoclonal antibodies. 1 4 2
4. Letterer-Siwe disease. 1 4 2
5. Pure red cell aplasia. 1 4 2
6. Secondary polycythemia. 1 4 2
7. Absolute eosinopil count. 1 4 2
8. Clot retraction. 1 4 2
9. Bleeding time. 1 4 2
10. Dutcher bodies. 1 4 2
*******
APRIL 2012
[LA 116] Sub. Code: 2013
IMMUNOPATHOLOGY, HAEMATOLOGY, PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS TO
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN LABORATORY SERVICES
Q.P. Code : 202013
(180 Min)
Pages Time Marks
(Max.) (Max.) (Max.)
I. Essay:
1. Define Myelodysplastic syndrome. Classify the syndrome.
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, and describe morphology of the
peripheral blood & bone marrow in MDS. 9 15 10
2. What is amyloid? Describe physical and chemical nature of
amyloid. Discuss pathogenesis and classification of
amyloidosis. 9 15 10
1. What is immunological tolerance? Discuss mechanisms of tolerance
with suitable examples. 3 8 5
2. Discuss Bethesda system of reporting Cervical Smears. 3 8 5
3. What are Toll like receptors? Enumerate laboratory methods to
identify them. 3 8 5
4. Out line principle and methodology of FISH. Discuss its usefulness
in diagnosis. 3 8 5
5. Discuss briefly immunology of Leprosy. 3 8 5
6. What is a reticulocyte? How is it counted? Discuss the significance
of its presence in the peripheral blood. 3 8 5
7. Outline principle and methodology of automated cell counters. 3 8 5
8. Define Exchange Transfusion. Discuss its principle and applications. 3 8 5
III. Reasoning Out:
1. A 22 male patient was hospitalized with blood oozing from his nose
and mouth. He also had petechiae and ecchymoses all over his body.
There was generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly
Lab studies showed normocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and a
Total WBC count of 32000/cu.mm The PT and PTT were prolonged. The
Peripheral smear showed hypergranular promyelocytes filled with Auer
rods. The patient is most likely to have which chromosome translocation?
a) t ( 8: 14) 5 10 5
b) t ( 9: 22)
c) t ( 14: 18)
d) t ( 15: 17)
(PTO)
2. Splenectomy is the treatment for this anemia and its complications.
Name the anemia and discuss rationale for the treatment. 5 10 5
3. The cord blood of a Rh positive foetus is evaluated for Rh incompatibility. Which of the
following tests would be diagnostic for a hemolytic reaction?
a) Hemoglobin estimation
b) Reticulocyte count
c) Total Bilirubin estimation
d) Direct Coombs Test 5 10 5
4. A 45 year old woman presented with a sore tongue, and instability

while walking. UGIE shows chronic atrophic gastritis of the fundus and body.
Laboratory studies showed a severe macrocytic anemia with pancytopenia
and hyper segmented neutrophils. Which of the following laboratory test
findings most likely be reported?
a) Decreased serum folate
b) Decreased serum Gastrin
c) Decreased urine methyl malonic acid
d) Increased Vitamin B 12 absorption after addition of
intrinisic factory 5 10 5
IV. Very Short Answers :
1. What are the characteristic features of an unsatisfactory Thyroid

FNAC Smear? 1 4 2
2. Name CD 117 Positive Tumours. 1 4 2
3. Enumerate the Hypo proliferative anemias. 1 4 2
4. Enumerate patterns of infiltration of the bone marrow by neoplastic
Lymphoid cells. 1 4 2
5. What are the factors that can cause increased destruction of circulating
Platelets? 1 4 2
6. What are a. knock out mice b. knock in mice? 1 4 2
7. List causes of pancytopenia. 1 4 2
8. What is the Peripheral smear appearance in Megaloblastic anemia. 1 4 2
9. What are the differences between intravascular and extra vascular
Hemolysis? 1 4 2
10. What is Pelger Huet anomaly? 1 4 2
*******
[LB 116] OCTOBER 2012 Sub. Code: 2013
IMMUNOPATHOLOGY, HAEMATOLOGY, PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS TO
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN LABORATORY SERVICES
Q.P. Code : 202013
(180 Min)
Pages Time Marks
(Max.) (Max.) (Max.)
I. Essay:
1. What are high density tissue microarrays? Discuss mechanics
& design of TMA. Enumerate applications of TMA. 9 15 10
2. Define hemolytic anemias. Classify them. How will you investigate
a patient with hemolysis to arrive at a definitive diagnosis 9 15 10
1. Outline principle and methodology of Polymerase Chain Reaction. 3 8 5
2. Discuss briefly transfusion reactions. 3 8 5
3. Discuss briefly newer concepts about the adult stem cell. 3 8 5
4. Discuss briefly the applications of exfoliate cytology in early
detection of cancer. 3 8 5
5. What are the methods used for detection of mutations? 3 8 5
6. Discuss briefly mechanisms of autoimmunity. 3 8 5
7. Discuss mechanisms of rejection of kidney allograft. 3 8 5
8. Give a brief outline of advances in the technique
of microscopy 3 8 5
III. Reasoning Out:
1. A 48 year old man has fever, weight loss, sweating and a dragging
sensation in the abdomen. Physical examination showed massive
hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory studies revealed normocytic
anemia and thrombocytopenia and a WBC count of 110,000/cu mm,
Bone marrow aspirate was hypercellular with neutrophils in all
Stages of development. < 2 % of the WBCs were myelobalsts.
Which of the following laboratory findings would most likely to be positive?
a) Leukocytes for Alkaline Phosphatase
b) Leukocytes for CD 10 antigen
c) Leukocytes for Philadelphia chromosome
d) Leukocytes for TRAP 5 10 5
2. A 45 year old man had a sudden onset pain in his right great toe.
O/E the area was red and swollen. The TC was 18000 / cu mm,
with neutrophilia and 10 % band forms. Synovial fluid microscopy
would show the following crystals:
a) Calcium pyrophosphate
b) Cholesterol
c) Negative birefringent crystals
d) Postive birefringent crystals` 5 10 5
3. A 55 year old woman had developed multiple pigmented, pedunculated

tumours and flat oval, coffee coloured skin patches in the last 3 years. She has
also had during this period episodic attacks of headache, palpitations and profuse
perspiration. Her pulse rate is 160 / min and her blood pressure 180/120 mm Hg.
Which of the following tests would be most useful in finding the cause of her
Hypertension?
a) Complete urinalysis
b) Serum Electrolytes
c) Urine for free cortisol, 24 hours
d) Urine for metanephrine, 24 hours . 5 10 5
4. A 4 years old boy had history of frequent respiratory infections and greasy
Stools. The child is below the normal percentile for weight & height
for age. Physical examination shows nasal polyps and coarse
inspiratory rales in both lung fields that clear with coughing. Which
of the following laboratory tests is the next step in determining a diagnosis?
a) Chromosome study
b) Nasal smear for eosinophils
c) Stool culture
d) Sweat chloride test 5 10 5
IV. Very Short Answers :
1. What is the differential diagnosis of hypochromic microcytic
anemia? 1 4 2
2 Represent diagrammatically the molecular basis of platelet adhesion
& aggregation. 1 4 2
3. What is the origin and nature of stromal cells of the bone marrow? 1 4 2
4. Name causes of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. 1 4 2
5. What are the battery of stains performed on frozen and fixed
muscle biopsy? 1 4 2
6. Brief note on Heinz body preparation and its application in
Hematology. 1 4 2
7. Enumerate storage options available in digital photography
of pathology images. 1 4 2
8. Give a diagrammatic representation of the Cross section of RBC
Membrane in Hereditary Spherocytosis. 1 4 2
9. What is marrow stainable Iron? How is it estimated? 1 4 2
10. What are the tests done using the cord blood in a setting of Rh
Incompatibility? 1 4 2
*******
(LC 116) APRIL 2013 Sub. Code: 2013
APPLICATIONS TO TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN LABORATORY
SERVICES
Q.P. Code : 202013
Time: Three Hours Maximum: 100 marks
I. Essay: (2X10=20)
1. Recent advances in molecular diagnosis of Paediatric soft tissue sarcoma.
2. Liquid based cytology for cervical screening.
II. Short Questions: (8X5=40)

1. Vimentin
2. α Thalassemia
3. Thrombotic microangiopathies
4. Hemophilia A
5. Myelodysplastic syndrome
6. Morphological variants of thymoma
7. Electrophoresis
8. Reticulocyte count
III. Reasoning Out: (4X5=20)

1. 42/M presented with weakness, weight loss and massive splenomegaly,
Peripheral smear was done. Describe the molecular pathogenesis,
morphology, and natural history of this case.
2. 26/M presented with weakness, shoulder pain and non-healing leg ulcer.
Peripheral smear done followed by another confirmatory test. Discuss the
pathogenesis and morphology.
3. 40/F presented with fever with rigor, and mild hepatosplenomegaly.
Peripheral smear was done for diagnosis. Discuss in detail the peripheral
smear picture.
4. 42/F admitted with fever, night sweat weight loss, painless cervical
lymphadenopathy. Lymphnode biopsy was done. CD15 and CD30 positive.
Describe the morphology and molecular genetics of this disease.
IV. Very Short Answers: (10X2=20)

1. Cold acting antibodies
2. Ruston bodies
3. T cell associated antigens detected by monoclonal antibodies
4. Chediak-Higashi syndrome
5. Protein S
6. Cytocentrifuge
7. Absolute eosinophil count
8. Inflammatory pseudotumor of lymphnode
9. Heavy chain disease
10. Kimura’s disease
*******
[LD 116] OCTOBER 2013 Sub. Code: 2013
APPLICATIONS TO TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN
LABORATORY SERVICES
Q.P. Code : 202013
I. Essay: (2 x 10 = 20)
1. Discuss the pathogenesis and pathology of systemic lupus erythematosus.
2. Describe the subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia defined by the WHO classification.
What are the features that have an impact on prognosis.
II. Short Questions: (8 x 5 = 40)

1.B lymphocytes.
2. Differentiation of haemopoietic cells.
3. Cytogenetic and molecular genetic changes in chronic myeloid leukemia.
4. Pathophysiology of disseminated intravascular coagulation.
5. Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria.
6. Follicular lymphoma.
7. Liquid-based cervical cytology.
8. Kaposi sarcoma.
III. Reasoning Out: (4 x 5 = 20)

1. A 14-year-old boy with sickle cell anemia was admitted with pain and tenderness of
the right hip and thigh. A radiograph reveals irregular bony destruction of the femoral
head. Which of the following infectious agents is most likely responsible for his
findings?
a) Pneumococus
b) Streptococcus
c) Salmonella
d) Borrelia
2. A young healthy man has seasonal episodes of nasal congestion, sneezing and watery
eyes. There is no cough or fever but there is swelling of his nasal passages. Chemical
mediators from which of the following cell types are responsible for these features?
a) Macrophage
b) NK cell
c) Basophil
d) Mast cell
(PTO)
3. Which of the following findings is most likely to be observed following splenectomy
for blunt trauma?
a) Tear-drop cells
b) Punctate basophilia
c) Red cell inclusions
d) Elliptocytes
4. A male infant has failure to thrive and has recurrent episodes of bacterial pneumonia
with both Hemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Which of the
following diseases is he most likely to have?
a) Di George syndrome
b) X-linked agammaglobulinaemia
c) IgA deficiency
d) Complement inactivation syndrome
IV. Very Short Answers: (10 x 2 = 20)
1. Partial thromboplastin time.

2. Cold agglutinin haemolytic anemia.
3. Kleihauer test.
4. Principle of fluorescence in situ hybridisation
5. Skin changes in acute graft versus host disease.
6. Histopathology of delayed hypersensitivity reactions.
7. Peripheral blood findings in myelodysplastic syndrome.
8. JAK2 mutation.
9. Differences in presentation between Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
10. Bence-Jones proteins.
*******
[LD 116]
[LE 116] APRIL 2014 Sub. Code: 2013

APPLICATIONS TO TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
IN LABORATORY SERVICES
Q.P. Code :202013
Time : Three Hours Maximum : 100 marks
I. Essay: (2X10=20)
1. What is the pathogenesis of autoimmunity? Discuss the etiopathogenesis,

morphology and complication of SLE.
2. What are the technical advances in bone marrow pathology? Discuss

the implication of WHO classification in the marrow diagnosis of
myeloid neoplasia.
II. Write short notes on: (8X5=40)
1. Clinicopathologic perspective of palpable thyroid nodules.

2. Role of IHC in diagnosing tubal metaplasia vs endometriosis.
3. Morphological abnormalities in Neutrophils.
4. Discuss effect of EBV in AIDS.
5. What are the conditions leading to myelofibrosis?
6. Immune mediated haemolytic anaemias.
7. Give the WHO classification of myelodysplastic syndrome.
8. What is microsatellite instability? What is its relation to neoplasia?
III. Reasoning Out: (4X5=20)
1. 2 years old child had severe anaemia with massive spleen. Peripheral
smear showed numerous target cells and microcytes with nucleated RBCs.
a. What is the probable diagnosis?

b. What is the confirmatory lab test?
2. 50 years old male presented with generalized lymphadenopathy

and hepatosplenomegaly. Peripheral smear showed rouleaux formation
and spherocytes.
a. Give your differential diagnosis.
b. What is the role of Coombs test in the diagnosis?
3. 7 years old child presented with generalized lymphadenopathy,

hepatosplenomegaly and medisatinal mass. Peripheral smear showed
increased WBC count (1,20,000 cells/cu.mm) with blasts forming 80%.
a. What will be the type of blast?

b. What is the probable immunophenotype?
4. Peripheral smear of a child with progressive ataxia showed numerous acanthocytes

and few nucleated RBCs.
a. What is your diagnosis?
b. What should be the percentage of acanthocytes?
IV. Very Short Answers: (10X2=20)
1. What are HIFs?

2. Name the IHC marker used to differentiate reactive condition is from neoplasm.
3. What is external quality assurance?
4. Name stains for Melanin.
5. Name new technologies in PAP cytology.
6. What do you understand by gene expression profile?
7. Cytochemistry of megakaryocytic leukemia.
8. Types of nerve biopsy preparations.
9. Carnoy’s fixative.
10. What is haemolytic uremic syndrome?
*********
[LF 116] OCTOBER 2014 Sub. Code: 2013

PAPER IV - IMMUNOPATHOLOGY, HAEMATOLOGY, PRINCIPLES AND
APPLICATIONS TO TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
Q.P. Code :202013
Time : Three Hours Maximum : 100 marks
I. Essay: (2 x 10 = 20)
1. What are high density tissue microarray? Discuss the mechanics and design
of microarray and its applications.
2. What are myeloproliferative disorders? What are the various mutations in

myeloproliferative disorders? Discuss in detail about primary myelofibrosis.
II. Write short notes on: (8 x 5 = 40)
1. Imported infectious diseases.

2. Cytopathology of metastatic neoplasia in the lung.
3. Advances in endometrial pathology.
4. Recent advances in bone marrow pathology.
5. Mantle cell lymphoma.
6. FNAC of bone tumors.
7. Myelophthisic anemia.
8. Immunohemolytic anemia.
1. 25 year old male with H/ O chloramphenicol intake presented with WBC

count of 800 cells/ cu mm
A. What is your diagnosis?
B. What is the pathogenesis and morphology of this condition?
C. What are the other causes?
D. What is LGL leukemia?
2. 60 year old asmptomatic male was incidentally found to have serum M
protein of 2.5 gm / dl
B. Enumerate the other conditions in this group.
C. What is the clinical course?
3. 45 year old male had dragging sensation in left upper quadrant and discomfort
after eating. Blood examination revealed anemia, leukopenia and
thrombocytopenia.
B. Enumerate the differential diagnosis.
C. What is the morphology of the diseased organ?
4. 20 year old female presented with epistaxis and menorrhagia. Examination

revealed normal platelet count, prolonged bleeding time, prolonged PTT and
reduced Ristocetin cofactor activity.
B. What is the pathogenesis of this condition?
C. What are the other tests done for confirmation?
1. Reticular hyperplasia.
2. Lymphotropic viruses.
3. Four favourable prognostic factors in ALL.
4. Smoldering myeloma.
5. Mutations in Thalassemia.
6. Hematogones.
7. Critical alert values.
8. Vacutainers.
9. Lap score.
10. Protein-S.
*********
[LG 116] APRIL 2015 Sub. Code: 2013
PAPER IV – IMMUNOPATHOLOGY, HAEMATOLOGY, PRINCIPLES
LABORATORY SERVICES
Q.P. Code : 202013
I. Essay: (2 x 10 = 20)
1. Discuss in detail about quality control in the pathology laboratory.
2. Classify non neoplastic lesions of leukocytes. Discuss in detail the granulocytic non
neoplastic lesions.
II. Write Short notes on: (8 x 5 = 40)

1. Idiopathic myelofibrosis.
2. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma.
3. Langerhan cell histiocytosis.
4. FNAC of soft tissue lesions.
5. Liquid based cytology.
6. Immunology of malaria.
7. Digital photography in histopathology.
8. Urinary sediments.

1. 25 year old female presents with recent h/o allergic rhinitis, urticaria and infection
with WBC count of 50 x 109 cells/ cu mm. Usg abdomen shows no organomegaly
B. What are the associated conditions?
C. What are the other causes?
2. 70 year old male was found to have generalised lymphadenopathy and

Leukocytosis - count 70 x 109 cells / mm3
B. What is the immunophenotype of this condition?
3. 45 year old female had menorrhagia, difficulty in swallowing and pitting nails.
Her blood examination revealed anemia.
B. Enumerate the differential diagnosis?
C. What are the morphologic changes in the bone marrow?
D. What is the cause of dysphagia?
4. 30 year female presented with fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure and
neurological deficits
1. Thrombopoietin.
2. Latest tests for malaria.
3. Test for microalbuminuria.
4. DD for normocytic anemias.
5. Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood.
6. Bombay blood group.
7. 5 q- syndrome.
8. Sickling test.
9. Mastocytosis.
10. Protein-C.
*******
[LG 116]
[LH 116] OCTOBER 2015 Sub. Code: 2013

LABORATORY SERVICES
Q.P. Code : 202013
Answer ALL questions
I. Essay: (2 x 10 = 20)
1. What are the molecular diagnostic methods used in the pathology lab?
Discuss the principles and applications of flow cytometry.
2. Recent classification of lymphomas. Discuss in detail about T cell and NK

cell neoplasms.
II. Short Questions: (8 x 5 = 40)
1. FNAC of salivary gland tumors.
2. Immunology of leprosy.
3. Diagnosis of primary and secondary lymphomatous effusions.
4. Telepathology.
5. Polycythemia.
6. WHO protocol for semen analysis.
7. Hb electrophoresis.
8. Cytospin.

1. 25 year old male with recent H/O infection with WBC count of 80000 cells/cu mm.
USG abdomen – no organomegaly.
A What is your diagnosis?

B. What are the differential diagnosis?
C. How will you confirm your diagnosis?
D. What are the other causes?
(PTO)
2. 60 year old male was found to have serum ‘M’ protein of 3.5 gm / dl and
lytic lesion in vertebra.

B. Enumerate the other conditions in this group.
3. 45 year old female had pins and needles of extremities, abdominal pain, lemon
yellow appearance of skin and glossitis. Gastric mucosal biopsy revealed atrophic
gastritis. Blood examination revealed anemia.

B. Enumerate the differential diagnosis.
C. What are the morphologic changes in bone marrow?
4. 30 / M presented with hemarthrosis following trivial injury and epistaxis.

Examination revealed normal platelet count, prolonged clotting time, prolonged APTT.

1. Ham test.
2. Pseudo pelger huet cells.
3. Hand schuller christian triad.
4. Features of non classic variant of hodgkin’s lymphoma.
5. Sezary syndrome.
6. Red cell distribution width.
7. EQAS.
8. RBC inclusions.
9. International normalized ratio.
10. Molecular phenotype of follicular lymphoma.
*******
[LH 116]
[LI 116] APRIL 2016 Sub. Code: 2013

AND APPLICATIONS TO TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
Q.P. Code :202013
Time : Three Hours Maximum : 100 Marks
I. Essay: (2 x 10 = 20)
1. Role of FNAC in evaluation of soft tissue neoplasms.
2. Discuss the recent concepts in diagnosis, classification and pathology of

Hodgkin’s Disease.
II. Write Short Notes on: (8 x 5 = 40)
1. Bethesda system of reporting for FNAC thyroid.

2. FISH.
3. Internal quality control.
4. Hereditary spherocytosis.
5. Burkitt’s lymphoma.
6. Recent advances in investigation of malaria.
7. Platelet function tests.
8. Dry tap on BM aspiration.
1. A 45 year old male presented with anaemia, weakness and dragging sensation in
the abdomen. He had massive splenomegaly. His total count is
1,50,000. What is the probable diagnosis? Discuss the pathology and prognostic
factors in this condition.
2. 50 year old female admitted with menorrhagia and anaemia. Discuss the
peripheral smear and bone marrow findings. Add a note on other investigations
for assessment of anaemia in this patient.
3. A 20 year old male patient has a history of episodic haemolysis following intake
of anti malarial drugs. What is the probable diagnosis?
4. An elderly lady came with complaints of generalised weakness and fatigue. Her
total WBC count was 80,000 cells/ cumm with 89% lymphocytes. What is the
probable diagnosis?
1. JAK mutation.
2. HbF.
3. Decalcifying agents in histopathology.
4. Coomb’s test.
5. Reticulocyte count.
6. Phase contrast microscopy.
7. Sickle cell trait.
8. Agranulocytosis.
9. Prognostic factors in AML.
10. PCV.
*********
[LJ 116] OCTOBER 2016 Sub. Code: 2013

Q.P. Code :202013
I. Essay: (2 x 10 = 20)
1. Discuss current concepts in classification of Myelodysplastic syndrome with a

note on cytogenetic abnormalities.
2. 50 year old male presented with jaundice. Discuss the investigations for
diagnosis.
1. Thalassemia.
2. Sample rejection criteria.
3. Haemolytic uremic syndrome.
4. Cryoprecipitate.
5. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
6. External quality assurance.
7. Promyelocytic leukemia.
8. Bone marrow transplant.
1. A 10 year old boy presented with osteolytic lesion in the skull, skin nodules.
FNAC of the skin nodule showed plenty of eosinophils and histiocytes. What
is the probable diagnosis? Discuss the classification and syndromes associated.
2. A 55 year old lady with complaints of low back pain, was found to have
multiple osteolytic lesions, anaemia. Bone marrow aspiration was done. Serum
electrophoresis was advised. What is the probable diagnosis? Discuss the
diagnostic criteria and prognostic factors.
3. A 50 year old male presented with oral ulcers and bullous lesions in the face
and scalp. Skin biopsy was done. It revealed suprabasal bulla. What is the
probable diagnosis? What is the role of IF in the diagnosis of these lesions?
4. A 40 year old female presented with thyroid nodule and cervical lymph nodal
enlargement. Serum calcitonin was raised. What is the finding in FNAC of the
thyroid nodule?
1. Pure red cell aplasia.

2. Telescoped urinary sediment.
3. Pelger – Huet anamoly.
4. CSF examination in meningitis.
5. Civatte bodies.
6. PT – INR.
7. Infections identified by PAP smear.
9. Markers for anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
10. Von Willebrand factor.
*********
[LK 116] MAY 2017 Sub. Code: 2013

Q.P. Code :202013
I. Essay: (2 x 10 = 20)
1. Discuss about plasma cell dyscrasias.

2. Discuss Automation in Histopathology.
1. Photography of gross specimens.

2. LJ chart.
3. Urinary sediments.
4. ESR.
5. Primary myelofibrosis.
6. Cutaneous lymphoma.
7. Sideroblasticanaemia.
8. Recent advances in classification of AML.
1. A 15 year old boy came with complaints of haemarthrosis. His father had
similar episodes. What is your probable diagnosis? Discuss the
pathophysiology, clinical features and management of the disorder.
2. A 19 year old girl presented with anaemia, repeated leg ulcers and auto
splenectomy. What is your diagnosis? Discuss the etiopathogenesis,
pathophysiology, diagnosis of the disease.
3. A 23 year old female presented with solitary nodule thyroid in the left lobe
with cervical lymphadenopathy. FNAC of thyroid was done. Discuss the
differential diagnosis in cytology.
4. A 50 year old lady presented with anaemia, paraesthesia of lower limbs. She
had beefy tongue. Her serum LDH was mildly elevated. What are the
investigations you recommend for arriving at a diagnosis?
1. RS cell.
2. Ph’ chromosome.
3. HbA1C.
4. Autologous blood transfusion.
5. Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia.
6. Prognostic factors in ALL.
7. Congenital anaemias.
8. Storage of platelets in blood bank.
9. Osmotic fragility test.
10. Enumerate uses of silver stains in Histopathology.
*********
[LL 116] OCTOBER 2017 Sub. Code: 2013

AND APPLICATION TO TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
Q.P. Code :202013
I. Essay: (2 x 10 = 20)
1. Functional Classification of Hemoglobin variants and describe about Hb E.

2. Laboratory Evaluation of Hemostasis.
1. Quality control in hematology laboratory.

2. Write about platelet STR receptors and ligand interaction.
3. RBC abnormalities and diseases associated with it.
4. Enumerate hemolytic anemia’s associated with RBC membrane defect and
describe pathophysiology and laboratory findings of spherocytosis.
5. Laboratory detection and types of von Willebrand disease.
6. Notch signal pathway.
7. Write briefly about Congenital Coagulopathies.
8. Write about Pathogenesis, sub types and differential diagnosis of Diffuse
Large B cell lymphoma.
1. A 76 year old male had difficulty in walking and his children suspected stroke
and brought to physician. Physician diagnosed it as peripheral neuropathy.
Routine hematological investigations showed, WBC’s 3.2x109, RBC’s 2.22
million, HB 8.5 gms%, HCT 27%, MCV 121.6fL, MCH 38.3 pg, MCHC
31.5g/dl, RDW 18%, Platelets 115x109, Reticulocytes 1.8%. Discuss about
possible diagnosis, which CBC findings help the physician to get diagnosis,
what are the other tests can be done?
2. A 28 year old woman presented with history of 2 days fever, chills, sweating
and malaise. Patient had visited Ghana of Africa 3 weeks back with family
and CBC showed, WBC 11x109, HCT 25%, MCV 92fL, Platelets 176x109,
Peripheral blood smear showed, inclusions. Write possible diagnosis, discuss
the type of anemia.
3. A 25 year woman born out of consanguineous marriage, presented with ulcer,

discoloration, itching of lower leg. On examination she had splenomegaly
with features of anemia. What’s the diagnosis? What are the changes you
expect in RBC’s and other tests to confirm the diagnosis?
4. A 2-year-old child presented with platelet count of 15,000/L and had history
of viral fever. What’s the diagnosis? Write briefly about differential diagnosis
and possible investigations required to substantiate your diagnosis.
1. G Proteins in platelet and their functions.

2. WHO Classification for Acute myeloid leukemia with Genetic Abnormality.
3. Morphological features of sub types of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.
4. Procoagulant properties of Intima.
5. Proteins of Fibrinolytic pathway.
6. Dohle Bodies.
7. Essential Thrombocythemia.
8. Usage of Cryostat in pathology.
9. Semen Analysis.
10. Via Villi and PAP techniques in diagnosis of carcinoma cervix.
*********
[LM 116] MAY 2018 Sub. Code: 2013

Q.P. Code: 202013
I. Essay: (2 x 15 = 30)
1. Discuss in detail Allogenic Haematopoietic Stem cell transplantation,

its Indications, Sources of stem cells, Donor requirement, Conditioning
procedure, Early and late complications.
2. Discuss in detail Automation in Hematology. Describe the Principles

of working, Parameters measured, Advantages, disadvantages and
Causes of erroneous results with Hematology Analyser.
1. Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria.

2. Reticulocyte Production Index.
3. Minimal Residual Disease.
4. Monoclonal Gammapathy.
5. Microarray Analysis.
6. Fibrin degradation products.
7. Myelofibrosis.
8. Hb Electrophoresis.
9. Cytocentrifuge.
10. FanconiAnaemia.
(2)
1. 45 year old male presented with massive splenomegaly. His total count
was 4 lakhs per cumm. What is the probable diagnosis? Describe the
molecular pathogenesis and morphology of the disease.
2. 40 year old male presented with fever, weakness, dizziness, ataxia,

siezures and purpura. Peripheral smear examination showed
polychromasia, nucleated rbcs, fragmented red blood cells and
thrombocytopenia. Biochemical examination revealed increased
unconjugated bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, urea and serum
creatinine levels. He had oliguria, haemoglobinuria and proteinuria.
What would be the diagnosis and describe its pathogenesis?
3. 3 year old child presented with multiple erosive bony masses, diabetes
insipidus and exophthalmos. FNAC of the bony lesion showed
histiocytes mixed with eosinophils. What could be the diagnosis?
Describe the characteristic electron microscopic picture and
immunophenotype of the lesion.
4. A 30 year old male presented with fever, chills and moderate splenomegaly.
He also complained of black coloured urine and bleeding gums. What is the
probable diagnosis? Name all the diagnostic tools for diagnosis.
*********
[LM 116]
[LN 116] OCTOBER 2018 Sub. Code: 2013

Q.P. Code: 202013
I. Essay: (2 x 15 = 30)
1. What is amyloid? Describe physical and chemical nature of amyloid.

Discuss the classification, pathogenesis and morphology of amyloid with
a note on special stains.
2. Write in detail about blood components. Describe the preparation, storage

and uses of Blood components in a modern blood bank.
1. Thalassemia.
2. Mantle cell lymphoma.
3. Microsatellite instability.
4. Morphological abnormalities in neutrophils.
5. Myelodysplastic syndrome.
6. Graft versus host disease.
7. Partial thromboplastin time.
8. Haemolytic uremic syndrome.
9. Decalcifying agents in histopathology.
10. Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
(2)
1. A 45 year old male presented with anaemia, weakness and dragging

sensation in the abdomen. He had massive splenomegaly. His total count
was 1,50,000/cmm. What is the probable diagnosis? Discuss the pathology
and prognostic factors in this condition.
2. 42 year old female had menorrhagia, koilonychia and alopecia. Her blood
examination revealed anaemia. What is your diagnosis? Enumerate the
differential diagnosis. What are the morphologic changes in the bone
marrow?
3. A 30 year old male presented with fever, chills and moderate

splenomegaly. He also complained of black coloured urine and bleeding
gums. What is the probable diagnosis? What are the other diagnostic tools
for this condition?
4. A 50 year old male presented with oral ulcers and bullous lesions in the
face and scalp. Skin biopsy revealed supra basal acantholytic bullae.
Discuss the pathogenesis of this condition.
*********
[LN 116]
[LO 116] MAY 2019 Sub. Code: 2013

Q.P. Code: 202013
I. Essay: (2 x 15 = 30)
1. Define and classify Myelodysplastic syndrome. Discuss the

etiopathogenesis. Describe peripheral blood and bone marrow findings.
2. Discuss in detail the mechanism of Immunologically mediated diseases.

Write about Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity. Describe
transplant rejection.
1. Stains used in cytology.

2. Cryoprecipitate.
3. Polymerase chain reaction.
4. Bethesda system of reporting for FNAC thyroid.
5. Burkitt lymphoma.
6. Sezary syndrome.
7. Cytospin.
8. Telepathology.
10. Myelofibrosis.
1. A 50 year old male presented with moderate splenomegaly, fever and

hailing from North – East India. What is the probable peripheral smear and
Bone marrow finding? What is your diagnosis?
2. A 58 year old lady with complaints of low back pain, was found to have
multiple osteolytic lesions and anaemia. Bone marrow aspiration was
done. Serum electrophoresis was advised. Discuss the diagnostic criteria
and prognostic factors of this condition.
3. 2 years old child had severe anaemia with massive spleen. Peripheral
smear showed numerous target cells and microcytes with nucleated RBCs.
Discuss the etiopathogenesis of this condition.
4. A 10 year old boy presented with osteolytic lesion in the skull and skin
nodules. FNAC of the skin nodule showed plenty of eosinophils and
histiocytes. What is the probable diagnosis? Discuss the classification and
syndromes associated.
*********
[LO 116]
[LP 116] OCTOBER 2019 Sub. Code: 2013

Q.P. Code: 202013
I. Essay: (2 x 15 = 30)
1. Discuss briefly Molecular profiling of Osteoarticular Neoplasms.

Discuss the Clinicopathological features of Osteoclast rich Bone
tumours.
2. What is Liquid based cytology? Describe the two common systems

used for Liquid based cytology. Enumerate the advantages of Liquid
based cytology when compared to conventional cytology?
1. Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anaemia.

2. Monoclonal Gammapathy.
3. Haematogones.
4. Autologous blood transfusion.
5. Natural inhibitors of coagulation.
6. Disorders of JAK2 mutation.
8. Comparative Genomic Hybridisation.
9. Significance of blood indices in clinical hematology.
10. Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia.
(2)
1. 5 year old male child with a history of bloody diarrhea presented with
anaemia, jaundice, oliguria, haemoglobinuria, proteinuria and purpura.
Peripheral smear examination showed polychromasia, nucleated RBCs,
fragmented red blood cells and thrombocytopenia. Biochemical
examination revealed increased unconjugated bilirubin, lactate
dehydrogenase, urea and serum creatinine levels. What would be the
diagnosis and describe its pathogenesis?
2. 30 year male presented with headache, dizziness and intense pruritis. On

examination he appeared plethoric and cyanotic. His haemoglobin was
20 gm/dl, haematocrit 60%, WBC count 20,000 cells / cumm and
platelets 5 lakhs per cumm. What would be the diagnosis and describe
its pathogenesis.
3. 50 year male presented with generalized lymphadenopathy,

hepatosplenomegaly and polyp like lesions of colon. Histopathological
examination of the enlarged lymphnodes showed homogenous
population of lymphocytes with Immunophenotype CD 19+, CD 20 +,
CD 5 + and CD 23 negative. What is the diagnosis? Describe its
pathogenesis.
4. 25 year female presented with epistaxis and menorrhagia.

Investigations revealed normal platelet count, prolonged bleeding time,
prolonged Partial Thromboplastin Time and reduced Ristocetin cofactor
activity. What would be the diagnosis? Describe its pathogenesis and
prognosis.
*********
[LP 116]
[LQ 116] AUGUST 2020 Sub. Code: 2013
(MAY 2020 SESSION)

Q.P. Code: 202013

I. Essay: (2 x 15 = 30)
1. Discuss in detail about the genetic and molecular classification of Acute myeloid
leukemia and their prognostic significance.
2. Discuss about quality control in Hematology lab.
1. Stellate scar in pathology

2. Gene therapy
3. TRAP test
4. Use of Elastin stains in HPE.
5. Squash cytology – CNS
6. Minimal residual disease in leukemia
7. LJ chart
8. Telescoped urinary segments
9. Photography of grossing
10. JAK – 2 mutations
(2)
1. A 40 year old male presented with painless cervical and axillary

lymphadenopathy. Lymph nodes are Rubbery in consistency. He had fever and
weight loss of more than 6 kg. No peripheral lymphadenopathy present.
a) What is the most probable diagnosis?
b) How do you classify based on morphological and immunophenotype?
c) How do you stage the disease?
d) Which is the type associated with HIV and EBV respectively?
e) What are the therapy related malignancies associated with?
2. A 50 year old female came with complaints of swelling in left breast. The lump
occupies all quadrants and engorged veins are seen in the overlying skin of the
tumour. Tumour measures 15cm in diameter. FNAC discloses spindle cell
proliferation with scant duct epithelial cells.
a) What is your probable diagnosis?
b) What is your differential diagnosis?
c) What is the significance of proliferative marker?
d) How will you grade based on Bethesda system?
3. A 40 year old male with anterior mediastinal mass, presented with Myasthenia
gravis.
a) What is your probable diagnosis?
b) What are the Hematological diseases associated with this tumour?
c) What is the thyroid disease associated with this tumour?
d) How do you classify this tumour?
4. A 40 year old female presented with pin point hemorrhages in thighs and lower
limbs with a previous episode of nasal bleeding and dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
Peripheral smear revealed thrombocytopenia with giant platelets. Bone marrow
discloses increased megakaryocytes. PT and APTT were normal. Discuss the
pathogenesis involved?
*****
[LQ 116]
[LS 116] NOVEMBER 2020 Sub. Code: 2013
(OCTOBER 2020 SESSION)

Q.P. Code: 202013

I. Essay: (2 x 15 = 30)
1. Discuss systemic amyloidosis and its clinical scenario. Approach to diagnosis of

fat pad excision biopsy and its interpretation and grading.
2. Discuss etiopathogenesis and pathology of endometrial tumors. Describe current

endometrial intraepithelial neoplasm.
1. Acute leukemias
2. Primary glomerulonephritis
3. Hematological scoring system in sepsis
4. Immunohistochemistry in effusion cytology and small biopsy
5. Angiomyolipoma
6. Cytospin
7. Lymphnode pathology in aids
8. Adrenalitis
9. Carcinosarcoma
10. Monoclonal gammapathy of undetermined significance
(2)
1. 62 year old male presented with erythematous maculopapular eruption over the
trunk and extremities associated with fever. Patient received chemotherapy for
all. Skin eruption was associated with slight increase in WBC followed by bone
marrow recovery within next weeks. Skin biopsy showed dermal perivascular
infiltrate with strong CD 30 expression. Discuss the pathology.
2. 64 year old male with a history of autoimmue thyroiditis presents with skin
lesion and generalised lymphadenopathy. CBC 25 000/dl with 80 percent
lymphocytes and 16 percent neutrophils. Blood smear showed many small to
medium sized lymphocytes with a single distinct nucleolus and occasional
cytoplasmic protrusion. BMA and biopsy showed leukemic cells accounting for
25 percent marrow cellularity. TCL 1 positive. Discuss the pathology.
3. 55 year old female complaints of lowback ache. She was found to have multiple
osteolytic lesions and anemia. BMA was done. Serum electrophoresis was
advised. Discuss the diagnostic criteria and risk stratification.
4. 24 year old male patient complaints of progressive localised pain in foot. CT

revealed multifocal well circumscribed mixed lytic and sclerotic osseous lesions
involving talus, calcaneus and phalange. HPE showed spindle cell lesion with
no giant cells. Discuss.
*****
[LS 116]
[MD 0721] JULY 2021 Sub. Code: 2013
(MAY 2021 SESSION)

Q.P. Code: 202013

I. Essay: (2 x 15 = 30)
1. Discuss etiopathogenesis pathology of acute pancreatitis. Write about

clinicopathological features and outcome.
2. Discuss etiopathogenesis and pathology of endometrial tumors. Brief on current

endometrial intraepithelial neoplasm.
1. Lymphoma.
2. Immunology of malaria.
3. Hemophagocytic syndrome.
4. Henoch schonlein purpura.
5. Stromal tumors of undetermined significance.
6. WBC histogram.
7. Mesothelial tumors.
8. Autoimmune hepatitis.
9. Hematological changes in dengue.
10. Chordoma.
(2)
1. 10 year old male child presented with osteolytic lesion in the skull skin nodule
probable diagnosis discuss pathology.
2. 41 year old female presented with fever myalgia dyspnea cough and skin rash she
had a history of gastric bypass surgery subsequentely developed short gut
syndrome and was put on long term total parenteral nutrition she was admited for
sepsis ct showed evidence of pneumonia blood culture grew candida albicans she
was found to have 16. 5 percent circulating plasma cells white blood cell count
20000 mm3 absolute plasma cell count 34000 mm3 normocytic anemia serum
electrphoresis showed m protein patient did not have bone pain pathological
fractures kidney function compromise or hypercalcemia follow up smear no
plasma cells discuss the pathology.
3. 20 year old male patient has a history of episodic hemolysis folowing intake of
antimalarial drugs what is the probable diagnosis.
4. 45 year old male presented with fatiguability anemia weakness dragging sensation
abdomen had massive splenomegaly total count 150000 what is the probable
diagnosis discuss pathology and prognosis.
*****
[MD 0721]
THE TAMIL NADU DR. M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
[MD 1121] NOVEMBER 2021 Sub. Code: 2013

(OCTOBER 2021 SESSION)

Q.P. Code: 202013

I. Essay: (2 x 15 = 30)
1. What are plasma cell dyscrasias? Discuss investigation for diagnosis of multiple
myeloma.
2. What is the method of preparation of blood components and discuss the

importance of blood transfusion?
1. Quantitative buffy coat.

2. Activated partial thromboplastin time.
4. Plasmapheresis.
5. Discuss disposal of biomedical waste.
6. Principle and application of flow cytometry.
7. Prognostic indicators of Hodgkins disease.
8. Rosai – Dorfman disease.
9. Kikuchi disease.
10. Preparation and used of cell block technique.
(2)
1. A 4 year old male child is suffering from growth retardation and anorexia. O/E:
Pallor++, depressed nasal bridge, malar prominence, hepatosplenomegaly seen
a) What is your provisional diagnosis?
b) How will you confirm your diagnosis?
2. A 16 year old boy is admitted with chills and rigors for more than 3 months. O/E:
Pallor+ with moderate hepatosplenomegaly
a) What are the possible causes?
b) How will you confirm the case?
3. A 58 year old male with renal failure was admitted for continuous haemorroidal
bleeding with anaemia. His Hb was 4 gms/dl. Packed RBC was started to stop the
bleeding. Patient became dyspneic. Physical examination revealed pulmonary
rales
a) What is the probable diagnosis?
b) How to investigate this case? Discuss.
4. A 20 year old tall male presented with gynaecomastia and pubic hair. O/E: testis
was small and firm
a) What is the provisional diagnosis?
b) What are the diagnostic prenatal and postnatal test for the above condition?
*****
[MD 1121]
THE TAMIL NADU DR.M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
[MD 0522] MAY 2022 Sub. Code: 2013

Q.P. Code: 202013

I. Essay: (2 x 15 = 30)
1. Write the WHO classification, molecular markers and recent advances of non
Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
2. Enumerate and classify causes of pancytopenia. Discuss pathogenesis and lab

diagnosis.
1. Rh factor.
2. Problems in pediatric blood transfusion.
3. Protein C deficiency.
4. Hypersplenism.
5. Platelet function test.
6. Hemolytic uremic syndrome.
7. Von willebrand’s disease.
8. Hemoglobin electrophoresis.
9. Glycosylated hemoglobin.
10. Cytology of medullary carcinoma thyroid.
(2)
1. A 45 year old male treated with chloroamphenicol for enteric fever 3 weeks back
presented with severe pallor, sterna tenderness, nasal bleeding and high fever.
a) What is your diagnosis?
b) Describe your expected peripheral smear and bone marrow findings in this
case.
c) What other causes can give rise to similar peripheral smear findings?
2. A 5 year old boy presents with multiple petechial spots over skin and
mucosa 7 days after an attack of febrile illness.
b) Describe the peripheral smear and bone marrow findings.
c) Write the differential diagnosis.
3. A 50 year old male kidney transplant recipient on chronic immune suppressive

therapy was admitted for anemia. He received packed RBC from his sister.
3 days later he developed low grade fever, skin bullae, diarrhea, abdominal cramps
and mild jaundice.
b) Discuss the pathology.
4. A 43 year old male presents with recurrent epidoses of dark smoky urine for the
past 1 year. O/E: Mild pallor and hepatomegaly was seen.
a) What is the provisional diagnosis?
b) What are the other possibilities?
c) How can you confirm the diagnosis?
*****
[MD 0522]
[MD 1022] OCTOBER 2022 Sub. Code: 2013
Q.P. Code: 202013
I. Essay: (2 x 15 = 30)
1. Functional Classification of Hemoglobin variants and describe about Hb S.
2. Immunodeficiency syndrome associated with systemic diseases.
1. Reticulocyte Production Index.

2. Safety in Hematology Laboratory.
3. Cytochemical stains in leukemia and interpretations.
4. Write about platelet receptors and ligand interaction.
5. Laboratory detection and types of Von Willebrand disease.
7. Write briefly about Congenital Coagulopathies.
8. Myelophthisic anemia.
9. Classify acute leukemia of Ambiguous lineage and describe briefly about them.
… 2 …
… 2 …
1. A 76 year old male had difficulty in walking and his children suspected stroke and
brought to physician. Physician diagnosed it as peripheral neuropathy. Routine
hematological investigations showed, WBC’s 3.2x109, RBC’s 2.22 million, HB
8.5 gms%, HCT 27%, MCV 121.6fL, MCH 38.3 pg, MCHC 31.5g/dl, RDW 18%,
Platelets 115x109, Reticulocytes 1.8%.
a. Discuss about possible diagnosis.
b. Which CBC findings help the physician to get diagnosis?
c. What are the other tests can be done?
2. A 68 year old man presented with back pain, weakness, anemia and features of
renal failure. He had history of fracture of big toe 2months back due to slip.
a. Write possible diagnosis.
b. Discuss about the features associated with this condition
c. What are the other investigations to be done?
d. Enumerate Blood and BM picture.
3. A 25 year woman born out of consanguineous marriage, presented with ulcer,

discoloration, itching of lower leg. On examination she had splenomegaly with
features of anemia.
a. What’s the diagnosis?
b. Pathogenesis and Morphological Changes.
c. What are the changes you expect in RBC’s?
d. What are the other tests to confirm the diagnosis?
4. A 25-year-old male presented with multiple nodes in neck. H/O fever with night
sweats present.
a. What’s the diagnosis?
b. Detail about types and morphology.
c. Write briefly about differential diagnosis.
d. Possible investigations required to substantiate your diagnosis.
********
[MD 1022]
[MD 0723] JULY 2023 Sub. Code: 2013
(MAY 2023 EXAM SESSION)
Q.P. Code: 202013
I. Essay: (2 x 15 = 30)
1. Enlist Plasma Cell Disorders. Write briefly on Multiple Myeloma.

2. Discuss the role of Intraoperative cytology in the diagnosis of Breast lesions.
1. Discuss hemoglobinopathy detection by Electrophoresis and HPLC.

2. Describe Milans scoring system for reporting of Salivary Gland Cytopathology.
3. Peripheral T cell lymphoma.
4. Autoimmune hepatitis.
5. IgG 4 related disease.
6. Polycythemia vera.
7. Anaplastic large cell lymphomas
8. Immunohistochemistry of Lymphomas.
9. Describe Next generation sequencing and its application
10. Immunohemolytic anaemias
1. A 5-year-old girl is brought to emergency with severe epistaxis for one day.
O/E there are presence of multiple petechial spots over trunks and extremities
without any hepatosplenomegaly or lymphadenopathy. History reveals an attack
of common cold two weeks before.
b) How can you confirm your diagnosis?
…2…
… 2 …
2. A 58-year-old male is complaining of weakness, anorexia, weight loss and

dyspnoea for last 2 months. He also complains of irregular bowel habit for
last 6 months. O/E, Pallor, Liver Palpable 3 cm below costal margin with
tender hard nodular surface and an abdominal lump palpable over right iliac
fossa.

b) What type of anaemia is expected in this set up?
c) Describe haematological investigations for confirmation of type of anaemia?
3. A 4-year-old girl has received regular blood transfusions since infancy. Routine
blood examination shows: Hb – 3.8 gm.%; Total RBC – 3.1 million/cumm; Total
platelet count: – 1,96,000/cumm; Differential Count – N36, E03, B00, L59, M02.
RBC series: Microcytic hypochromic anaemia with target cells and
polychromasia; Normoblast: 20/100.
4. A 27-year female, during postoperative period after partial thoracotomy of left

lung, suddenly develops bleeding from multiple sites, fluctuating consciousness
and rapid fall of urinary output.
a) What is the most likely diagnosis?
*********
[MD 0723]
[MD 1223] DECEMBER 2023 Sub. Code: 2013

(OCTOBER 2023 EXAM SESSION)
Q.P. Code: 202013
I. Essay: (2 x 15 = 30)
1. Classify Coagulation disorders. What is the role of Lab in the diagnosis of

Coagulation disorders? Add a note on Quality Control aspect of Coagulation
testing.
2. Classify Mediastinal lesions. What is the role of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
in Mediastinal lesions? What are the ancillary tests which can be done to assist
diagnosis in FNAC?
1. Immune Hemolytic anaemia.

2. Interventional cytology.
3. Semen analysis.
4. Minor Blood Group Systems.
5. Biphenotypic leukemia.
6. Minimal Residual disease.
7. Dyserythopoiesis.
8. Pre analytical errors in Histopathology.
9. Differential diagnosis of Plasma Cell Neoplasms.
10. Autopsy findings in COVID vaccine related death.
…2…
… 2 …
1. 40 / M presented with fever with chills every second day, he was coming from an
Endemic area, his Urine was black in colour.
b) What are the tests done for confirmation?
c) What are the clinical manifestations?
d) What are the complications?
2. 55 / M presented with digital infarcts, Splenomegaly and Hemogram revealed

HB 13 G / dL and platelet count of 680,000 / CU MM.
b) What is the molecular pathogenesis of this condition?
c) What are the complications?
d) What is the prognosis?
3. 30 / M presented with sore throat, fever, cervical lymphadenopathy. Blood count

revealed Lymphocytosis and reactive lymphocytes in smear, serologic
investigations were done for confirmation.
a) What is the clinical Scenario given?
b) What is the pathogenesis?
c) How will you confirm diagnosis?
4. 40 / F presented with swelling in the neck submandibular region, FNAC of the

swelling revealed predominantly oncocytic cells.
a) What are your differential diagnosis?
b) How will you classify Salivary Gland Lesions according to Milan classification?
c) Name four recently described Entities in Salivary Gland Neoplasms.
*********
[MD 1223]

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April-2003

M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION

Branch III – Pathology

Paper IV – IMMUNOPATHOLOGY, HAEMATOLOGY

(Common to all candidates)

Q.P. Code : 202013

Draw suitable diagram wherever necessary.

2. Discuss the available immune markers in diagnostic pathology. Mention the

II. Write short notes on : (10 X 6 = 60)

[KU 116] Sub. Code: 2013

M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION

2. Discuss prognostic indices of breast carcinoma.

II. Write short notes on : (10 x 6 = 60)

[KU 116] Sub. Code: 2013

M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION

2. Discuss the role of immunohistochemistry and molecular biology in the

II. Write short notes on : (10 x 6 = 60)

[KW 116] Sub. Code: 2013

M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION

II. Write short notes on : (10 x 6 = 60)

1. Banking of haematopoetic stem cell.

M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION

Branch III – Pathology

Paper IV – IMMUNOPATHOLOGY, HAEMATOLOGY, PRINCIPLES

(Common to all candidates)

Q.P. Code : 202013

Draw suitable diagram wherever necessary.

2. Classify anemias. Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and

II. Write short notes on : (10 X 6 = 60)

4. A 45 year old woman presented with a sore tongue, and instability

1. What are the characteristic features of an unsatisfactory Thyroid

3. A 55 year old woman had developed multiple pigmented, pedunculated

II. Short Questions: (8X5=40)

III. Reasoning Out: (4X5=20)

IV. Very Short Answers: (10X2=20)

II. Short Questions: (8 x 5 = 40)

III. Reasoning Out: (4 x 5 = 20)

IV. Very Short Answers: (10 x 2 = 20)

1. Partial thromboplastin time.

M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION

1. What is the pathogenesis of autoimmunity? Discuss the etiopathogenesis,

2. What are the technical advances in bone marrow pathology? Discuss

II. Write short notes on: (8X5=40)

1. Clinicopathologic perspective of palpable thyroid nodules.

III. Reasoning Out: (4X5=20)

a. What is the probable diagnosis?

2. 50 years old male presented with generalized lymphadenopathy

3. 7 years old child presented with generalized lymphadenopathy,

a. What will be the type of blast?

4. Peripheral smear of a child with progressive ataxia showed numerous acanthocytes

IV. Very Short Answers: (10X2=20)

1. What are HIFs?

M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION

2. What are myeloproliferative disorders? What are the various mutations in

II. Write short notes on: (8 x 5 = 40)

1. Imported infectious diseases.

III. Reasoning Out: (4 x 5 = 20)

1. 25 year old male with H/ O chloramphenicol intake presented with WBC

4. 20 year old female presented with epistaxis and menorrhagia. Examination