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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 Lesson 2 and 3

notes in practical research 1

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21 views

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 Lesson 2 and 3

notes in practical research 1

Uploaded by

Sin Avallone
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

LESSON 2

IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE

The development of the society from its simple to complex state will reveal the many and varied
problems faced by human kind. Thus, solutions to problems must be based on knowledge, not on mere
beliefs, guesses or theories.

Our everyday life has always been punctuated by exciting adventures, challenging situations and
surprising discoveries. When confronted with doubts and problems, you turn to finding out what could
be possible answers and solutions to them. This is where you embark on the process called research.
Other definitions given to research are:

- It is an inquiry process
- It is a formal process of problem solving.
- It is a set of procedures and stages.
- It originates with a question or a problem.
- Often it is an iterative process

Lastly, research is important in providing a solid foundation for the

- Discovery and creation of knowledge, theory-building.


- Testing, confirmation, revision, and refutation of knowledge as theory.
- Advance a discipline or field.
- Advancements and improvements in various aspects of life.
- Promotion and tenure of individuals.

RESEARCH AND SOCIETY

Our perceptions of the world, the way we experience our relationship with others, the
organizations of the society as a whole are profoundly influenced by the expansion of knowledge; both
in the exact sciences like mathematics, physics, biology and chemistry and the human and social
sciences like economics law, psychology and political science.

Research is closely connected with development. The results/findings of studies also affect
society and the lives of each one of us. Research is very vital to our everyday decision making.

RESEARCH AND OTHER FIELDS/AREAS

Research leads to an expansion of knowledge and discoveries of new medical treatment and
cures. Research efforts have also led to a break through in agriculture such as the introduction of high-
yield and drought-resistant varieties. Projections of the effects of global warming have likewise been
determined through research. Research benefits therefore, can be seen and felt in the following fields:

- Economic research refers to matters concerning the environment and which may lead to improved
techniques to ensure sustainable food production.
- Social research leads to an increased knowledge of people and their interactions with one another,
which could be relevant to policy makers.
- Environmental research focuses on improved techniques to ensure sustainable food production.
- Cultural research leads to increased understanding of cultural values or social approaches.
- Health research contributes to a better understanding of the causes of medical conditions.

LESSON 3

CHARACTERISTICS, PROCESSES AND ETHICS OF RESEARCH

CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

1. Empirical
2. Systematic
3. Controlled
4. Employs hypothesis
5. Analytical
6. Objective
7. Original work

OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

1. Concern for context and meaning


2. Naturally occurring settings
3. Humans as Instruments
4. Descriptive Data
5. Emergent Design

TYPES OF RESEARCH

1. Library research
2. Field research
3. Laboratory research

ETHICS AND RESEARCH

The most common way of defining “ethics” is to refer to it as norms for conduct that distinguish
between acceptable and unacceptable behavior.

Another way of defining “ethics” is to consider it as a method, procedure or perspective for


deciding how to act and for analyzing complex problems and issues.

To be ethical, a research project needs to be designed to create valid outcomes if it is believed


to be pursuing truth.

Researchers have a duty to ensure that they do not deliberately mislead participants as to the
nature of the research.

Research ethics involves the participation of fundamental ethical principles to a variety of topics
involving research.
FUNCTIONS OF ETHICS

1. Norms promote the aims of research such as knowledge, truth and evidence of error.
2. Ethical standards promote the values that are essential to collaborative work such as trust,
accountability, mutual respect and fairness.
3. Ethical norms ensure that researchers can be held accountable to the public.
4. Ethical norms in research, is research that helps build public support quality and integrity of
research.

SOME ETHICAL PRINCIPLES

1. Honesty
2. Objectivity
3. Integrity
4. Carefulness
5. Openness
6. Respect for Intellectual Property
7. Confidentiality
8. Responsible Publication
9. Respect for Colleagues
10. Social Responsibility
11. Non-discrimination
12. Competence
13. Legality

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

1. Define research problem


2. Review the literature
3. Formulate the hypothesis
4. Design Research
5. Collect Data
6. Analyze Data
7. Interpret and report

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