ARELLANO UNIVERSITY

Juan Sumulong Campus

Junior High School Department
2600 Legarda Street, Sampaloc, Manila
Score
PACUCOA Accredited- Level III

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS)

S.Y. 2024-2025
Subject: English 10 Quarter 1
Name: Date: August 5-9, 2024 LAS NO. 1
Grade and Section: Name of Subject Teacher: Ms. Angelica R. Bautista, LPT
Subject Matter: Introduction to Research
Learning Target/s:
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
• Define what is research;
• Identify the stages of a research report;
• Enumerate the characteristics of a research process;
• Describe the purpose and goals of studying research;
• Analyze how science is utilized in research;
• List the importance of research; and
• Differentiate Qualitative and Quantitative Research.
References:
• Hipol, M. P., and Domagsang, A. (2020). Exploring Literature and Grammar, World Literature (Second Ed.).
Quezon City: Brilliant Publishing, Inc.
• Pagulongan, L. S., and Sevilla, A. A. (2020). DepED English Module: Quarter 2 – Module 1. Language of
Research, Campaigns, and Advocacies. https://depedtambayan.net
• Proofreading and Statistics for Thesis MNL. (2021, July 4). Did you know that even Social Media Posts need to be
cited? [Infographic]. Facebook.
https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=4471444266243824&id=1508867565834857&rdid=a2YL0YdIEAa
qrdeC
Values Integration:
The students will understand that in dealing with difficult or trying life experiences, it helps to have someone who can listen
to your problems or whose example can be emulated. Through this, students will develop the value of fortitude in facing
ordeals and conflicts in life and the value of humility in asking for help from others. The students will understand that in
expressing a strong belief about a certain thing, they must be factual and anchored on truth. Hence, students will be able
to cultivate the values of integrity and equity and develop into more dependable and trustworthy individuals. In addition,
students will be competent to do research in dealing to solve and answer a problem through the use of scientific method.

CONCEPT NOTES
Introduction to Research
Research is composed of two words, “re” and “search” which means to examine closely and carefully, to test and try, or
to probe and study thoroughly again or over again. Research is a primary source of knowledge that aims to develop new
knowledge and apply scientific and engineering principles to connect the knowledge in one field to another (Roussel et al.,
1991).
To Grinnell (1993), research is a structured inquiry that utilizes acceptable scientific methodology to solve problems and
creates new knowledge that is generally acceptable. It is essential to human existence to keep up-to-date with continuous
technological advancement, a fast-changing environment, ever-evolving competition, and even to some extent, a means for
survival.
• UNESCO (1962) defined research as “the orderly investigation of a subject matter to add to knowledge.”
• Kerlinger (1973) defined research as “a systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of hypothetical
prepositions about the presumed relations among natural phenomena.”
• According to Rekha Koul (2008), research is analogous to nature itself, “a careful, systematic, reliable, and valid
method of investigating knowledge and solving problems,” (Wiersma, 1991).

Characteristics of Research
1. Research originates with a question or problem.
2. Research requires a clear articulation of a goal.
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3. Research requires a specific plan of procedure.
4. Research usually divides the principal problems into more manageable sub-problems.
5. Researchers are guided by specific research problems, questions, or hypotheses.
6. Research accepts certain critical assumptions.
7. Research requires the collection and interpretation of data to resolve the problem.
8. Research is by its nature, cyclical, or more exactly helical

Purposes of Studying Research

1. To orient the students to the nature of educational research: its purposes, forms, and importance.
2. To provide information that helps students become more intelligent consumers of educational research: where to locate it,
how to understand it, and critique it.
3. To provide information on the fundamentals of doing educational research such as selecting a problem, using available
tools, organizing a project, etc.
4. To generate new theories, confirm existing ones, or disapprove them.

Research and Science: Scientific Method

When you become curious and doubtful about existing phenomena, you gear toward the discovery of better knowledge. You
read books, search the Internet, or ask questions. Then you put all these pieces of information together to clarify your idea or
add new ones. For research to be more accurate and beneficial, science is embedded in its process. Science is
conceptualized as a procedural and systematic approach to gaining new knowledge by making thorough observations and
using controlled and precise methods. In this regard, research done scientifically is more accurate, reliable, and valid.
Knowledge that comes from Research that employs the scientific method is characterized by the following elements:
1. EMPIRICAL APPROACH – direct observation and experimentation (factual) disregard your feelings and opinions
2. OBSERVATION – awareness of the environment constitutes your idea but if measured carefully with appropriate
instruments it will be more valid.
3. QUESTION – knowledge comes from inquiries that are answerable through scientific investigation and must generate
tangible proof.
4. HYPOTHESES – an educated guess, or hypothesis, is an attempt to explain phenomena that should help you formulate
a prediction. It must be testable for analysis and interpretation.
5. EXPERIMENTS – a process that serves as proof of scientific procedures so, the findings are considered truthful.
6. ANALYSES – the data gathered are subjected to analysis through statistical methods. The statistical treatment to be
employed depends on the design of the study, the type of data, and the given questions. Statistics minimize the chance of
having faulty conclusions and presents numerical evidence in which the results are considered valid and reliable.
7. CONCLUSION – The process of making inferences involves concrete data to rule out opinions. The conclusion must be
objective and supported by meticulous analysis of data.
8. REPLICATION – this means doing the same study once again with a different set of participants to test the soundness of
the obtained result. Conducting the study several times will pave the way for additional and essential purposes like the
establishment of reliability of the findings, Discovery of new knowledge, and ascertainment of the generalizability of results.

Goals and Importance of Research

When you follow the scientific method in conducting research, you offer an explanation or clarification of the phenomena in
question with greater reliability and validity. Every field of study relies so much on this process to introduce advancement,
novelty, and progress. Research, therefore, serves as the pillar of global transformation. The following comprise the goals of
scientific research:
1. DESCRIPTION. This refers to how the phenomena being studied are defined, classified, and categorized to provide
essential information.
2. PREDICTION. It entails stating the possible consequences of present events based on existing knowledge of something
else to control one's actions and behavior through careful planning derived from a given set of information.
3. UNDERSTANDING/EXPLANATION. This is the process of analyzing information to find out the causes behind
phenomena to understand and explain data, a relationship between events must already be established; one should cause
the effect on the other; and other explanations of causality between them must be ruled out.

Research is very vital to our day-to-day activities as well as to our everyday decision-making. Research therefore enables us
to:
• determine the accuracy or otherwise validity of popular beliefs, and religious practices by submitting them to systematic
scrutiny;
• enhance, modify, or refine our knowledge of phenomena or various theories surrounding our environment and society;
• generate new concepts and explanations of existing rules and policies, beliefs and practices, economics, political or social
systems;
• find answers to particular existing questions through investigation;
• evaluate the findings of other research/studies or build on where they stopped;
• bring the legacy left behind by early scholars as well as the contributions of modern scholars to the limelight;
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• seek validation or improvement for religious doctrines and practices, social interactions, economic improvement, politics,
ideology, etc.;
• enhance the quality of the ordinary and spiritual life of man; and
• collect and analyze data which will enable us to provide information and advice to policy (or decision) makers.

Thus, Research is essential for the following reasons:

➢ Knowledge is established. ➢ Present solutions are tested for effectiveness.
➢ Perceptions are corrected. ➢ Problems are solved.
➢ Phenomena are validated.

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research

INDEPENDENT COOPERATIVE LEARNING

Exercise no.1: REFLECT UPON

Directions: Answer the questions below. Limit your answer to three to seven sentences only. Write your answer in the space
provided below.

1. How will you define Research in your own words?

____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What are the characteristics of a good researcher?

____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What is the importance of Research in our daily life and environment?

____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

4. What is the use of research in a community or the world?

____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What is the difference between Quantitative and Qualitative Research?

____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What is the essence of using the scientific method in research?

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 ____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

7. As a young researcher, what problem in society or community would you like to solve using research and science?
Why? Explain your answer briefly.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise no.2: WHO AM I?

Directions: Look at the keywords and contexts in matching the stages with the description in boxes. Identify what stage of a
research report is being asked. Write your answer in the space provided below.
PART OF RESEARCH DESCRIPTIONS
1. List of chapters, sections, and page numbers.
2. Discussion of findings, including background information, the main purpose of
the study, and a summary of findings.
3. Description and justification of aims, including research question and objectives.
4. Full details of results, questionnaires, etc.
5. Extensive survey of literature, including theory.
6. Concise phrase that conveys the main topics of the study and highlights the
importance of research.
7. Clear description and justification of participants, procedures, and materials.
8. Details of what you have found – your results or findings.
9. What conclusions you have come to, including implications and wider
significance of your research.
10. Summary of research including aims, methods, main results, and conclusions.
11. Detailed list of all sources you have drawn on in the research.

Exercise no.3: IDENTIFY ME!

Directions: Read each statement carefully and choose the best answer that fits the given description. Write your answer in
the space provided before the number.

_____ 1. The basic purpose of a research paper is to _____.

A. describe B. explain C. inform D. narrate
_____ 2. This is a part of research that consists of assumptions, hypotheses, definitions, or a synthesis of a set of theories
serving as the theoretical backbone of the investigation.
A. Statement of the Problem C. Scope and Limitation of the Study
B. Theoretical Framework D. Background of the Study
_____ 3. This part of the research paper tells the purpose and importance of the research.
A. Gap of the Problem C. Significance of the Study
B. Introduction D. Abstract
_____ 4. All the tools used in the research should be seen in this part.
A. References B. Introduction C. Title D. Methodology
_____ 5. This kind of research is used to describe variables and examine relationships among variables.
A. Qualitative Method C. Quantitative Method
B. Experimental Design D. Grounded theory
_____ 6. This design of a qualitative method focuses on the experiment/s that are a part of the variables.
A. Phenomenology B. Experimental C. Correlation D. Descriptive
_____ 7. This method of research refers to the meaning, concepts, definitions, characteristics, metaphors, symbols, and
descriptions of things.
A. Concepts B. Theory C. Qualitative Method D. Quantitative Method
_____ 8. It is a problem that needs to be solved through research.
A. Scope and Limitation of the Study C. Gap of the Study
B. Background of the Study D. Problem of the Study

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