Review Module – Physics

KINEMATICS IN ONE AND TWO DIMENSIONS ROTATIONAL MOTION

If acceleration is constant, If angular acceleration is constant,

1 1
s = vo t + at2 v2 = v2o + 2as v = vo + at θ = ωo t + αt2 ω2 = ω2o + 2αθ ω = ωo + αt
2 2
If acceleration is varying,
ds dv
v= a= v dv = a ds
dt dt SITUATION. Initially, a ball has an angular velocity of 5.0 rad/s
counterclockwise. Considering a point in the circumference of the ball,
sometime later, it is at 5.5 radians relative to its initial position and the
1. The position of the front bumper of a test car under microprocessor ball now has an angular velocity of 1.5 rad/s clockwise.
control is given by x = 2.17 + 4.18t2 – 0.1t6, meters. Find its position
and acceleration at the instants when the car has zero velocity. 13. What is the angular acceleration?
14. How much time did it take for the ball to have an angular velocity of
2. A car is traveling at the posted speed limit of 24.12 kph in a school 1.5 rad/s clockwise?
zone on dry pavement. The driver applies maximum braking force, 15. At some point, the angular velocity of the ball had to have been zero.
and the car decelerates at a constant rate of 7.92 m/s2 until coming At what angle from its initial orientation did this occur and how long
to a halt. Calculate the distance the car travels while decelerating. did it take?

SITUATION. On Mars, a tennis ball is hit directly upward and returns to SITUATION. The angular position θ of a 0.36-m-diameter flywheel is
the same level 8.5 seconds later. The acceleration due to gravity on Mars given by θ = 2t3, where t is in seconds.
is 0.379g and air resistance is negligible.
16. Find the distance that a particle on the flywheel rim moves from t1
3. How high above its original point did the ball go? = 2 s to t2 = 5 s.
4. How fast was it moving just after being hit? 17. Find the instantaneous angular velocity at t = 2 s.
5. What is the total distance travelled by the ball? 18. Find the instantaneous angular acceleration at t = 2 s.
19. Find the total acceleration at t = 2 s.
SITUATION. A projectile is fired with an initial speed of 196 m/s at an
angle of 30° above the horizontal from the top of a cliff 98 m high.
6. Determine the time to reach maximum height. ERRATIC MOTION
7. Determine the maximum height above the base of the cliff reached
by the projectile.
8. Determine the total time it is in the air. SITUATION. An object which started from rest is travelling from point A
9. Determine the horizontal range of the projectile. to point C for 15 seconds. During the first 10 seconds, the object has a
constant acceleration of 4 m/s2 and on the last 5 seconds, the object
decelerated at a constant rate of -2 m/s2.
CURVILINEAR MOTION
20. Determine the velocity of the object after 15 seconds.
21. Determine the total distance travelled after 15 seconds.

Tangential Acceleration, at
at = same as rectilinear motion KINETICS: FORCE AND ACCELERATION

Normal Acceleration, an 22. A 50-kg crate rests on a horizontal surface for which the coefficient
v2 of kinetic friction is μk = 0.30. The crate is subjected to a 400-N
an = towing force directed at 30° above the horizontal. Determine the
r
acceleration of the crate.

SITUATION. The 1200-kg Trailer B is hitched to the four-wheel-drive

truck A of mass 1800 kg. The traction force developed at the wheels is
SITUATION. A car travels over the crest of a hill at 10 m/s. The radius at
16,000 N. Neglect rolling resistance of the trailer.
the crest is 12 m.

10. Determine the force exerted by the car seat on a 60-kg passenger.
11. Determine the minimum speed required for the passenger to feel
momentarily “weightless.”
12. At some point on the hill, the car traveling at 10 m/s accelerates
tangentially to a constant rate of 6 m/s2. If the radius of curvature is
50 m, determine the total acceleration experienced by the car at that
instant.
23. Determine the maximum possible acceleration.
24. Determine the tensile force in the trailer hitch.
SITUATION. A 500-g tetherball is KINETICS: IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM
moving along a horizontal circular path at
a constant speed of 4 m/s.
Impulse-Momentum Theorem
25. Find the angle θ that the 1.8-m The impulse of the net external force on a particle during a time interval
cord forms with the pole. equals the change in momentum of that particle during that interval:
26. Find the tension in the cord.
∑ Fnet (∆t) = m(∆v) – for constant force only
t
∫t 2 F dt = ∆(mv) – for varying force
KINETICS: WORK AND ENERGY 1

Law of Conservation of Momentum

The total linear momentum for a system of particles remains constant
Work-Energy Theorem during the time period t1 to t2.
Work done by the net force on a particle equals the change in the ∑ mi (vi )1 = ∑ mi (vi )2
particle’s kinetic energy.
1
∑ Work = m(v22 - v21 )
2
SITUATION. A 50-kg body initially at rest is acted upon by a constant
Work Due to External Force W = Fd force of 80 N inclined at an angle θ above the horizontal for 5 seconds,
Work Due to Weight W = mgh after which an opposite horizontal force of 45 N is applied.
1
Work Due to Spring W = 2 kx2 33. If θ = 0°, what is the velocity after 10 seconds from rest?
34. If θ = 0°, what total time in seconds should the 45-N force be
Power – the rate at which work is done (in Watts or Joules/sec) applied so that the body comes to rest?
Work
P = time = Fv 35. If θ = 20°, what is the velocity after 5 seconds from rest?

SITUATION. The 15,000-kg boxcar A is coasting at 1.5 m/s on the

horizontal track when it encounters a 12,000-kg tank car B coasting at
SITUATION. A 1.50 kg book is sliding along a rough horizontal surface. 0.75 m/s toward it. The cars collide and couple together.
At point A, it is moving at 3.20 m/s, and at point B it has slowed to
1.25 m/s. 36. Find the speed of both cars just after the coupling.
37. Find the average force between them if the coupling takes place in
27. How much total work was done on the book between A and B?
0.8 s.
28. If -0.85 J of total work is done on the book from B to C, how fast is
it moving at point C? What if the total work is +0.85 J?
KINETICS: IMPACT AND COLLISION
29. How much work needs to be done on the book from B to C to stop
it from moving?

SITUATION. A spring, with spring constant k = 30,000 N/m, is used to The ratio of the restitution impulse to the deformation impulse is called
stop a 50-kg package which is moving down a 20° incline. When the the coefficient of restitution, e.
(vB )2 - (vA )2 (vA )2 - (vB )2
package is 8 m from the spring, its velocity is 2 m/s. Coefficient of kinetic e=- =
friction is 0.20. (vB )1 - (vA )1 (vB )1 - (vA )1

When e = 1, energy loss is equal to 0 and the impact is called perfectly

elastic impact.
When e = 0, energy loss is maximum, and the impact is called perfectly
plastic/inelastic impact.

SITUATION. A 20-kg object A travelling at 4 m/s collides head on with a

10-kg object B travelling at 2 m/s opposite its direction. Determine the
velocity of each object just after the impact given the following:

30. Just before striking the spring, determine the work due to weight. 38. The collision is perfectly elastic.
31. Just before striking the spring, determine the work due to external 39. The collision is perfectly inelastic.
force. 40. The coefficient of restitution is 0.45.
32. Determine the maximum deformation of the spring.

“It’s going to be hard, but

hard does not mean impossible.”