IS 5553 ( Part 8 ) : 1990

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Indian Standard
REACTORS - SPECIFICATION
..Y PART 8 SMOOTHING REACTORS

( First Revision )

UDC 621’316’935

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BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS -

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARC
NEW DELHI 110002

j%nuury 1991 Price Group 3

Transformers Sectional Committee, ETD 16

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (First Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on
28 January 1990, after the draft finalized by the Transformers Sectional Committee had been
approved by the Electrotechnical Division Council.

This standard was first published in 1970. This revision has been undertaken with a view to
bringing it in line with IEC Pub 289 ( 1988) ‘Reactors’.

In this revision the requirements for reactors have been covered in eight parts as follows:

Part 1 General
Part 2 Shunt reactors
Part 3 Current limiting and neutral earthing reactors
Part 4 Damping reactors
Part 5 Tuning reactors
Part 6 Earthing transformers ( Neutral couplers )
Part 7 Arc suppression reactors
Part 8 Smoothing reactors

This standard ( Part 8 ) has been based on IEC Publication 289 ( 1988) ‘Reactors, Section 8
Smoothing reactors’ issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission.

This part shall be read in conjunction with Part 1 of this standard. A list of referred standards
is also given in Part 1 of this standard.
 IS 5553 ( Part 8 ) : 1990

Indian Standard
REACTORS-SPECIFICATION
PART 8 SMOOTHING REACTORS

( First Revision )

1 SCOPE 2.4 Incremental Inductance

1.1 This standard ( Part 8 ) applies to smoothing The incremental inductance for a specified
reactors for dc systems. Two main application amplitude of the principal harmonics refers to a
fields for smoothing reactors acre defined as specific direct current value.
follows:
2.5 Rated Inductance
The dc has large superimposed harmonic
components. This situation occurs in dc The incremental rated inductance at rated
systems for industrial applications. Since direct current.
the system voltages, are not higher than
10 kV, the smoothing reactors are usually 2.6 Winding dc Resistance
constructed for indoor installations;

The dc has smaller superimposed harmonic The dc resistance of the winding, measured by
b) a direct current method related to the specified
components. This situation occurs in
HVDC transmission systems. The dc reference temperature.
systems voltages in use or planned are
50 kV or higher. The smoothing reactors 2.7 Harmonic Resistance
are usually constructed for outdoor
installation. ( Under Consideration )

Smoothing reactors are intended to provide a 2.8 Harmonic Currents

high impedance to the flow of harmonic
currents and reduce the current rise on failure The rms values of the currents at their respec-
in dc systems. tive harmonic frequencies.

1.1.1 Design 3 RATINGS

Smoothing reactors may be of dry type with air 3.1 The rated direct current and the spectrum
or water cooling or of oil immersed type. They of the harmonic currents areto be specified by
may be constructed with or without gapped iron the purchaser.
core or magnetic shield. They may have a linear
or a non-linear magnetic characteristic. 4 INSULATION LEVEL

2 TERMINOLOGY 4.1 Insulation Level of the Winding to

Earth
2.0 For the purpose of this standard the follow-
ing definitions shall apply. This level shall correspond to the insulation level
of the associated dc system.
2.1 Rated dc Current
NOTE - Additional requirements regarding creepage
distance of bushings shall be subject to agreement
The arithmetic mean value of the current which between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
the apparatus is designed to carry continuously.
For application 1.1(h) the insulation level
2.2 Rated dc Voltage comprises:

The dc voltage of the system to which reactor is a) dc -withstand voltage,

to be connected.
b) lightning impulse withstand voltage (if
2.3 Rated Short-Time Cu-rrent applicable ), and

The peak value of the short-time current which c) switching impulse withstand voltage (if
the apparatus is designed to withstand. applicable ).

t
IS 5553 ( Part 8 ) : 1990

4.2 Insulation Requirements Across the 7 TESTS

Winding
7.0 General requirements for type, routine and
The insulation requirement across the winding special tests, see 16.1 of IS 2026 (Part 1 ) : 1977.
are subject to agreement between the manufac-
turer and the purchaser. NOTE -The tests tabulated in the following clauses
shall br appropriately chosen depending on the applica-
tion field of the smoothing reactor as defined in 1.1(a)
5 TEMPERATURE RISE and IA(b).

5.1 The temperature-rise limits given in 3 of

7.1 Type Tests
IS 2026 ( Part 2 ) : 1977 shall apply.
The following shall constitute type test.
6 RATING PLATES
7.1.1 F-or reactors for the application field
6.1 Each reactor shall be provided with a rating
of 1,1(a):
plate of weather-proof material, fitted in a
visible position, showing the appropriate items Measurement of winding dc resistance
indicated below. The entries on the plate shall
4
[see 16.2 of IS 2026 (Part 1 ) : 19771;
be indelibly marked ( for example, by etching,
engraving or stamping ). b) Measurement of insulation resistance
[see 16.6 of IS 2026 (Part 1 ) : 1977 1;
6.2 Information to be Given in A11 Cases
4 Measurement of inductance ( see 7.4 ); and
a) Kind of smoothing reactor;
4 Separate-source voltage-withstand test
b) IS Number; with ac and dc voltages where applicable
(set 7.5).
4 Manufacturer’s name;

Manufacturer’s serial number; 7.1.2 For reactors for the application field
d)
of 1.1(b):
4 Year of manufacture;
a) Measrement of winding dc resistance,
f> Highest dc system voltage; [see 16.2 of IS 2026 ( Part 1 ) : 1977 1;

9) Rated withstand voltages; b) Measurement of insulation resistance

[ see 16.6 of IS 2026 ( Part 1 ) : 1977 1;
h) Inductance ( measured value ) at rated dc
current, and/or for other specified current Measurement of inductance ( see 7.4 );
value;
dc voltage withstand test ( see 7.5.2 );
3 Rated dc current;
Lightning impulse test [see 12 of IS 2026
k) Type of cooling; ( Part 3) : 19811; and

4 Total mass; f) Switching impulse test (see 7.7 ).

4 Mass of insulating oil; and

7.1.3 Temperature Rise Test ( see 7.8 )

P) Mass of core and winding assembly.

7.2 Routine Tests
6.3 Additional Information to be Given in
The following shnll constitute routine tests.
Certain Cases
7.2.1 For reactors for the application field
4 Temperature class on insulation (for dry-
of 3,1(a):
type reactor );

bj Temperature rise ( if not a normal value ); a 1 Measurement of winding dc resistance

[ see 16.2 of IS 2026 (Part 1 ) : 19771;
c) Details regarding water cooling (for water
cooled reactors ); b) Measurement of insulation resistance
[see 16.6 of IS 2026 ( Part 1 ) : 1977 1;
4 Transportation mass ( for reactors exceed-
ing 5 total mass ); 4 Measurement of inductance ( see 7.4); and

e) Untanking mass ( for’ reactors exceeding Separate-sourcevolt;,ge-withstand test with

5 t total mass); and 4
and dc voltages where applicable
Insulating liquid, if not mineral oil. ;Zee 7.5 ).
f)
2
 IS 5553 ( Part 8 ) : 1990

7.2.2 For reactors for the application field have to be agreed upon between the purchaser
of 1.1(b): and the manufacturer:

a) Measurement of winding dc resistance a) Oil-immersed reactors

[ see 16.2 of IS 2026 ( Part 1 ) : 1977 1;
9 DC voltage withstand test:
b) Measurement of insulation resistance
[see 16.6 of IS 2026 ( Part 1 ) : 1977 1; Test voltage 1’5ud
( positive polarity )
c) Measurement of inductance (see 7.4 1;
Ud = highest conti-
d) dc voltage withstand test (see 7.5 );
nuous dc operating
e) Ligtning impulse test [see 12 of IS 2026 voltage
(Part 3 ) : 1981-J; and
Test duration 60 minutes
f) Switching impulse test ( see 7.7 ).
Interval for partial The last 10
7.3 Special Test discharge (PD) minutes
measurement
The following shall constitute special tests:
Maximum allowable 10 pulses
4 Short-time current withstand test ( see 7.9 ); number of PD pulses exceeding
Measurement of acoustic sound level 2 000 pc
b)
( see 7.11 ); ii) Polarity reversal test:
4 Measurement of vibration [see 6.14 of
IS 5553 ( Part 2 ) : 1990 1;
Test voltage ampli- x x Ud
tude
4 Measurement of high-frequency impe-
Reversal sequence 2 h ( negat-
dance (see 7.12); and
and polarity tive) - 2
e) Loss measurement (see 7.8 ). minutes re-
versal time -
7.4 Measurement of Inductance
30 minutes
The inductance shall be measured at principal ( positive )
harmonic frequency. Smoothing reactors which NOTES
have neither magnetic core nor magnetic shield 1 The reconnecting time of 2 minutes for the dc test
may be measured at any value of current and source often cannot be achieved in the test plant. It is
frequency. Smoothing reactors with magnetic subject to agreement between purchaser and manu-
core or shield shall be measured at specified facturer to stipulate longer than 2 minutes reversal time
or to choose the alternative test to the polarity reversal
harmonic current superposed on rated dc
test.
current ( rated inductance value ) and at zero
dc current ( no-load inductance value). A 2 The factor k represents a safety margin and is usually
1’1. It is subject to agreement between the purchaser and
measuring circuit as shown in Fig. 1 and 2 can the manufacturer to stipulate k values higher than 1’ 1.
be used.
iii) Short time dc voltage test
Other methods can be used-subject to agreement
between purchaser and manufacturer. ( This test is an alternative to the
polarity reversal test )
NOTE - In some cases the measurement of total Test amplitude ( negative 2ud
magnetic characteristic for reactors with magnetic core
or shields is required. In this case 6.12 of IS 5553 polarity)
( Part 2 ): 1990 applies. Test duration 2 minutes
7.5 Separate-Source Voltage Withstand b) Dry air-cored reactors
Test
Dry air-cored reactors are usually mounted
7.5.1 Smoothing Reactors for theApplication Filed on support insulators. As the insulators do
not show any harmful dielectric hystersis,
of 1.1(a)
these reactors can be tested according to
The test shall be generally carried out in the above test given in 7.5.2(a) (iii) only.
accordance with 10 of IS 2026 ( Part 3 ) : 1981. This test shall be performed dry.

7.5.2 Smoothing Reactors for the Application Field dc voltage withstand test
of 1.1(b) Test amplitude (winding-

The following dc test ( separate source ) shall be earth ) - 2 ud (positive

performed on smoothing ~reactors which are polarity )
normally located on the dc high voltage side. Test duration - 2 minutes
These tests, however, are not applicable for
NOTE -- It is subject to agreement between the
smoothing reactors at earth potential (neutral purchaser and the manufacturer to perlbrm this test as a
side ). The test condirions for these reactors type test only.

3
IS 5553 ( Part 8 ) : 1990

*At harmonic frequency the reactance shall be low for C and high for B compared with that of the smoothing reactor
under test.
A = amperemeter for measurement of harmonic current
B = blocking filter to avoid ac current leakage
C = blocking capacitor to avoid dc current leakage
G = ac supply at harmonic frequency
L = smoothing reactor
A4 = measuring device for dc current
R = auxiliary resistor for measurement of harmonic voltage
S = dc supply
V = voltmeter for measurement of harmonic voltage
W = wattmeter for measurement of harmonic loss

FIG. 1 MEASURING CIRCUIT FOR DETERMINING INDUCTANCE AND Loss AT HARMONIC

FREQUENCY FOR SMOOTHING REACTORS HAVING IRON CORES OR SHIELDS
7.6 Lightning Impulse Test

This test shall be generally carried out in

accordance with 12 of IS 2026 ( Part 3 ) : 1981.
The test voltage shall be applied on each
terminal in succession with the opposite terminal
earthed.
NOTE -If insulation requirement across the winding
differ from those to earth the impulse test procedure shall
be agreed upon.

7.7 Switching Impulse Tegt

This test shalt be generally carried out in

accordance with 14 of IS 2026 ( Part 3 ) : 1981,
with following exceptions:

The -test shall be performed between two

terminals connected together and the earth.
The voltage impulse shall be of negative
polarity.
A = amperemeter for measurement of harmonic
current NOTE - If dry-type reactors are used, tests shall be of
B = blocking filter to avoid ac current leakage pcxsitive and negative polarity. If such reactors are out-
C = blocking capacitor to avoid dc current leakage door, wet tests are subject to agreement between the
G = ac supply at harmonic frequency purchaser and the manufacturer.
L = smoothing reactor
7.8 Temperature-rise Test and Loss
M = measuring device for dc current
R = auxiliary resistor for measurement of harmonic Measurement
voltage
S = dc supply The test shall be generally carried out in
V = voltmeter for measurement of harmonic voltage accordance with IS 2026 ( Part 2 ) : 1977. The
W = wattmeter for measurement of harmonic loss rated test current IT flowing in the reactor shall
FIG.2 MEAS~JRING CIRCUIT FOR DETERMINING be determined f-om the following relation:
INCREMENTAL INDUCTANCE OF TWO IDENTICAL
LARGE SMOOTHING REACTORS R.I” T = RJzd~ + ZIJ)R

4
 IS 5553 ( Part 8 ) : 1990

where made in accordance with 4 of IS 2026 ( Part 2 ) :

1977.
INN =- dc current,
7.9 Short-time Current Withstand Test
CP, = sum of calculated harmonic losses,

IT = rated test current, and The ability of the reactor to withstand the test
shall be determined in accordance with 16.11 of
R = winding dc resistance. IS 2026 ( Part 1 ) : 1977.

The loss measurement shall be determined as 7.10 Thermal Behaviour at Short-time

the product of dc resistance and the square of Current
the~rated dc test current in the winding.
This is in accordance with 9.0 of IS 2026
7.8.1 Dry- ‘Type Reactors (Part 1 ) : 1977.

The test should be carried out at a~value of test 7.11 Measurement of Acoustic Sound Level
current 1, as near as possible to the rated test
current. IN and equal to at least 90 percent of The method of test and criteria for conformity
this value and the run continued until the tem- shall be agreed to between the manufacturer
perature-rise increment of the winding measured and the purchaser.
by resistance method shall not exceed 2°C in
one hour. 7.12 Measurement of High-Frequency
Smpedance
The temperature-rise of the winding above the
temperature of the cooling air for rated test Measuring frequency range shall be:
current at)N, is calculated from the formula:
a) 50 Hz to 2 500 Hz Terminal-terminal, or
60 Hz to 3 000 Hz Terminal-terminal

b) 30 kHz to 1 MHz Terminal-terminal

The value of q shall be taken as: Terminal-earth

AN reactors : 1’6 8 TOLERANCE

Al? reactors : 1’8 8.1 Tolerance on the incremental inductance

for reactors for the applications of 1.1(a):
The temperature 0, of the winding shall be cal-
culated from the measured resistance according + 20 percent
to 4.3 of IS 2026 ( Part 2 ) : 1977.
- 0 percent of the rated inductance
7.8.2 Oil Immersed Type Reactors Tolerance on the incremental inductance for
reactors for the applications of 1.1(b):
The determination of the top oil temperature-
rise and of winding temperaturer-rises shall be f 7 of the rated incremental impedance.

5
-

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Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, if any,
are issued from time to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in
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Dot : No. ETD 16 (2781)

AmendmePtm Iaaued Sllnce Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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