Question Bank NURSING FOUNDATION

Question Bank: Nursing Foundation
1. Define nursing and explain its core components.
 Answer: Nursing is a profession focused on caring for individuals, families, and

communities to attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life. Core
components of nursing include:
o Assessment: Gathering patient data and medical history.
o Diagnosis: Identifying patient problems based on assessment data.
o Planning: Developing a plan of care to address identified issues.
o Implementation: Carrying out the plan through nursing interventions.
o Evaluation: Assessing the effectiveness of the care plan and adjusting as
needed.
2. What are the roles and responsibilities of a professional nurse?
 Answer: Roles of a professional nurse include:

o Caregiver: Providing holistic care to patients.
o Advocate: Representing and supporting the patient’s best interests.
o Educator: Teaching patients and families about health and treatment plans.
o Communicator: Effectively interacting with patients, families, and the
healthcare team.
o Leader: Leading and coordinating care within the healthcare team.
3. List the principles of infection control in a healthcare setting.
 Answer: Principles of infection control include:

o Hand hygiene: Regular hand washing with soap or hand sanitizers.
o Use of personal protective equipment (PPE): Wearing gloves, masks, and
gowns as required.
o Aseptic technique: Practices to prevent contamination during medical
procedures.
o Disinfection and sterilization: Cleaning and sterilizing instruments and
surfaces.
o Proper disposal of waste: Disposing of sharps and infectious waste in
designated containers.
4. Explain the concept of the nursing process.
 Answer: The nursing process is a systematic method used by nurses to provide

patient-centered care. It consists of five steps:
o Assessment: Collecting and analyzing patient information.
o Diagnosis: Identifying patient health issues.
o Planning: Establishing goals and outcomes for patient care.
o Implementation: Carrying out the nursing interventions.
o Evaluation: Reviewing the patient’s progress and adjusting the plan as
needed.
5. What is the importance of patient privacy and confidentiality in nursing?

 Answer: Patient privacy and confidentiality are essential for:
o Building Trust: Patients are more likely to share important information when
they trust that their details will remain private.
o Ethical and Legal Obligation: Nurses are required to follow ethical standards
and legal regulations like HIPAA to protect patient information.
o Preventing Harm: Safeguarding patient data prevents potential misuse that
could lead to emotional, social, or financial harm to the patient.
6. Describe the different types of bed-making in nursing.
 Answer: Types of bed-making include:

o Closed bed: Made after a patient is discharged or not currently using the bed,
with the bed linens neatly folded.
o Open bed: Prepared for a patient who will be returning to bed, with the top
sheet folded back for easy entry.
o Occupied bed: Made while the patient is in bed, ensuring their comfort and
safety.
o Surgical bed: Prepared for a patient returning from surgery, with the top
linens folded to one side for easy transfer.
7. What is the importance of proper body mechanics in nursing?
 Answer: Proper body mechanics are important for:

o Preventing Injury: Reduces the risk of musculoskeletal injuries to nurses
during patient handling.
o Enhancing Efficiency: Allows nurses to perform physical tasks more
efficiently.
o Ensuring Patient Safety: Proper lifting and transferring techniques ensure
patient safety during movement.
8. How do you assess a patient's vital signs, and why are they important?
 Answer: Vital signs include temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and
oxygen saturation. They are assessed using:
o Thermometer: To measure body temperature.
o Stethoscope and palpation: For pulse rate and rhythm.
o Observation: For respiratory rate and effort.
o Sphygmomanometer: For blood pressure.
o Pulse oximeter: For oxygen saturation levels.
 Importance: Vital signs provide critical information about the patient’s physiological
state and help identify any changes in their condition.
9. What are the steps for administering oral medication safely?
 Answer: Steps include:

o Verify the physician’s order.
o Check the ‘Five Rights’: Right patient, right medication, right dose, right
time, right route.
o Prepare the medication: Follow proper dosage and form.
o Identify the patient: Confirm their identity.
o Administer the medication: Ensure the patient swallows the medication.
o Document the administration: Record the time and dose given.
10. Explain the different types of nursing documentation.
 Answer: Types include:

o Narrative Notes: Written in chronological order, detailing patient care and
progress.
o SOAP Notes: Stands for Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan.
o PIE Notes: Focus on Problem, Intervention, and Evaluation.
o Focus Charting (DAR): Uses Data, Action, and Response to document care.
o Electronic Health Records (EHR): Digital documentation systems for
comprehensive patient records.
11. What are some common ethical dilemmas faced in nursing?
 Answer: Common ethical dilemmas include:

o End-of-life care: Deciding on the continuation or withdrawal of life support.
o Informed consent: Managing situations where patients cannot give consent.
o Patient autonomy vs. beneficence: Balancing respect for patient choices with
what is perceived as the best action for their health.
o Resource allocation: Fairly distributing limited resources in a healthcare
setting.
12. What is therapeutic communication in nursing? Provide examples.
 Answer: Therapeutic communication is the use of verbal and non-verbal

communication techniques that promote a patient’s well-being. Examples include:
o Active listening: Fully concentrating on what the patient is saying.
o Open-ended questions: Encouraging the patient to express themselves freely.
o Empathy: Showing understanding and compassion for the patient’s feelings.
o Clarification: Asking for more information to understand the patient's
perspective.

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Question Bank: Nursing Foundation

1. Define nursing and explain its core components.

 Answer: Nursing is a profession focused on caring for individuals, families, and

2. What are the roles and responsibilities of a professional nurse?

 Answer: Roles of a professional nurse include:

3. List the principles of infection control in a healthcare setting.

 Answer: Principles of infection control include:

4. Explain the concept of the nursing process.

 Answer: The nursing process is a systematic method used by nurses to provide

5. What is the importance of patient privacy and confidentiality in nursing?

6. Describe the different types of bed-making in nursing.

 Answer: Types of bed-making include:

7. What is the importance of proper body mechanics in nursing?

 Answer: Proper body mechanics are important for:

9. What are the steps for administering oral medication safely?

 Answer: Steps include:

10. Explain the different types of nursing documentation.

 Answer: Types include:

11. What are some common ethical dilemmas faced in nursing?

 Answer: Common ethical dilemmas include:

12. What is therapeutic communication in nursing? Provide examples.

 Answer: Therapeutic communication is the use of verbal and non-verbal

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