Hand
Uploaded by
RebekahHand
Uploaded by
RebekahThursday 1 June 2023 18:08
Hand
• Bones divided into 3 groups
o Carpals (x8)
§ So Long To Pinkie Here Comes The Thumb
o Metacarpals (x5)
o Phalanges (x14)
§ Distal, middle, proximal
• Intrinsic muscles
o Responsible for fine motor movements of fingers
o Thenar muscle (3)
o Hypothenar muscle (3)
Interossei (7)
§ Palmar, dorsal
o Lumbricals (4)
Meanings of anatomic words
o Opponens
o Draw one of lateral digits across palm/sole towards
others
o Flexor
o Contraction bends a limb
o Palmar
o Palm
o Pollicis
o Of the thumb
o Brevis
o Palmar
o Palm
o Pollicis
o Of the thumb
o Brevis
o Short
o Digiti
o Finger
o Minimi
o Small
o Abductor
o Muscle moves a limb away from midline
o Adductor
o Contraction moves limb towards midline (adds to the
midline)
o Dorsal
o Upper side/back
Muscles
Mnemonic
• All For One and One For All
o Intrinsic muscles of hand and relative palmer
anatomical position
o A: abductor pollicis brevis
o F: flexor pollicis brevis
o O: opponens pollicis
o A: adductor pollicis
o O: opponens digiti minimi
o F: flexor digiti minimi
o A: abductor digiti minimi
• Pad, Dab
o function of palmer and dorsal interossei
o P: palmar interossei
o Ad: adduction
o D: dorsal interossei
o Ab: abduction
• FOAL/LOAF
o Intrinsic muscles innervated by median nerve (others
o Ad: adduction
o D: dorsal interossei
o Ab: abduction
• FOAL/LOAF
o Intrinsic muscles innervated by median nerve (others
are ulnar)
o F: flexor pollicis brevis
o O: opponens pollicis
o A: abductor pollicis brevis
o L: lateral two lumbricals
Thenar muscles
Abductor pollicis brevis
• Origin – scaphoid, Trapezium and associated flexor
retinaculum
• Insertion - Lateral side of proximal phalanx of thumb
• Innervation – median nerve
• Action- Abduction of thumb
• Action- Abduction of thumb
Flexor pollicis brevis
• O – Trapezium and associated flexor retinaculum
• I – Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
• A – Flexion of metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of
thumb
• Thumb flexion/bending
• Innervation – Median nerve and ulnar nerve
Opponens pollicis
• O – Trapezium and flexor retinaculum
• I – lateral margin aspect of 1st metacarpal
• A – opposition of thumb
Opponens pollicis
• O – Trapezium and flexor retinaculum
• I – lateral margin aspect of 1st metacarpal
• A – opposition of thumb
• Innervation – median nerve
Adductor pollicis
• O – 2 heads- Transverse and Oblique
• 3rd metacarpal
• Capitate and metacarpals 2 and 3
• I – base of proximal phalanx
• A – adduction of thumb
• Innervation – ulnar nerve
Hypothenar
Opponens Digiti Minimi
• O – Hook of Hamate and flexor retinaculum
• I – Medial margin of 5th metacarpal
• A – opposition of little finger (rotates metacarpal)
• Innervation – Ulnar nerve
Abductor Digiti Minimi
• O – Pisiform and tendon of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
• I – Base of proximal phalanx of little finger
• A – Abduction of little finger
• Innervation – Ulnar nerve
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
• O – Hook of Hamate and flexor retinaculum
• I – Base of proximal phalanx of little finger
• A – Flexion of MCP joint of little finger
• Innervation – Ulnar nerve
Wasting
o Thenar muscles
Carpal tunnel syndrome
o Hypothenar muscles
Ulnar nerve entrapment
Lumbricals
• 4 lumbricals associated with a finger
• O – Tendon of Flexor Digitorum Profundus
• I – pass dorsally and laterally around each finger to attach into
extensor expansion hood
• A – flexion at MCP joint and extension at interphalangeal (IP) joint of
each digit
• Innervation –
• Lateral 2 lumbricals (index and middle fingers) – median nerve
• Medial 2 lumbricals (ring and little fingers) – ulnar nerve
Interossei
Dorsal Interossei
• Superficial of all dorsal muscles
• Bipennate muscles
• O – Medial and lateral surfaces of metacarpals
• I – extensor hood and proximal phalanx of each finger
• A – abduction of fingers at MCP joint
• Innervation – Ulnar nerve
• Innervation – Ulnar nerve
Palmar Interossei
• Located anteriorly
• Unipennate muscle
• O – medial or lateral surface of metacarpal
• I – extensor hood and proximal phalanx of same finger
• A – adduction of fingers at MCP joint
• Innervation – Ulnar nerve
Palmer Brevis
• Origin – Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
• I – dermis of skin on medial margin of hand
• A – wrinkles skin of hypothenar eminence and deepens curvature of hand
(improves grip)
•
Innervation – Ulnar nerve