Analysis of ‘Unanswered Cries’ Emmanuel Kachele

‘O’ LEVEL ENGLISH (OLE)

FOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS

Analysis of ‘Unanswered Cries’

By Emmanuel Kachele

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Analysis of ‘Unanswered Cries’ Emmanuel Kachele

Copyright © 2018 by Emmanuel Kachele. All Rights Reserved.

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Analysis of ‘Unanswered Cries’ Emmanuel Kachele

Author’s Note
Any English teacher can have his/her own analysis and we can equally learn from any one. Drop
by drop, we get the bucket overflowing!
This analysis is not the final.

Emmanuel Kachele
2018

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Analysis of ‘Unanswered Cries’ Emmanuel Kachele

ACKNOWLEGDEMENTS

I sincerely acknowledge the good support I have been receiving from Mr Reuben Swilla (my first
Headmaster from Mwese Secondary School). He has been my precious guide since 2012. I also
specifically extend my gratitude to Headmistress of Karema High School, Ms Elinesi
Mwangomba for her support and recognition of my work.

I can’t forget my fellow teachers from English Language and Literature Department from the
following schools: Lukima Secondary School (Mbinga, Ruvuma, from 2011 – 2012), Mwese
Secondary School (Mpanda DC, Katavi, from 2012 – 2014), Karema High School (Mpanda DC,
Katavi, from 2015 – 2019), and Sibwesa Secondary School (Mpanda DC, Katavi, from 2019 –
present) for their linguistic and departmental support.

I also thank my fellow UDOM Alumni: Mwalimu Nicholaus Mwanjabala, Mwalimu Million
Luka, and Mwalimu Leonard Mshang’a for their mutual support for my work.

I also extend my heartfelt gratitude to all my students wherever they are for their support and trust.

Emmanuel Kachele
2018

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Analysis of ‘Unanswered Cries’ Emmanuel Kachele

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABOUT THE AUTHOR .................................................................................................................................... 6

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 6
ANALYSIS OF THE FORM .............................................................................................................................. 6
CHAPTER ONE: AT MAKALAY’S HOME (Pages 5-14) ..................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER TWO: LATER THAT DAY (Pages 15-23) .......................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER THREE: IN THE JUNGLE (Pages 24-30) ........................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER FOUR: MAKALAY’S DREAM (Pages 31-34) .................................................................................... 8
CHAPTER FIVE: OLABISI IS STILL UNDER YAH POSSEH (Pages 35-38) ........................................................... 8
CHAPTER SIX: FREETOWN (Pages 39-50) ...................................................................................................... 8
CHAPTER SEVEN: TO THE COURT ON FRIDAY (Pages 51-64) ........................................................................ 9
CHAPTER EIGHT: AT HOME AND MONDAY MORNING AT THE COURT (Pages 65-72) ................................. 9
CHAPTER NINE: A CASE RULING AND A HAPPY WEDDING (Pages 73-88) .................................................. 10
CHARACTERS ............................................................................................................................................... 10
THE STYLE OF THE WRITER..............................................................................................................................
LANGUAGE ......................................................................................................................................................
ANALYSIS OF CONTENT ..................................................................................................................................
MESSAGE.........................................................................................................................................................
LESSONS (MORALS/TEACHINGS) ....................................................................................................................
PHILOSOPHY....................................................................................................................................................
RELEVANCE OF THE BOOK ..............................................................................................................................
Other Analysed Literary Works by the Author ..................................................................................... 14
Popular Blog Posts .................................................................................................................................... 14
Free Downloads ......................................................................................................................................... 15
Reference ................................................................................................................................................... 15
About the Author ...................................................................................................................................... 15

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Analysis of ‘Unanswered Cries’ Emmanuel Kachele

__________________________________________________________
Title: Unanswered Cries
Author: Osman Conteh
Setting: Sierra Leone, Temne tribe.
Year of Publication: 2002
Publisher: Macmillan Publishers Limited.
_____________________________________________________________________________

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Osman Conteh was born in Sierra Leone in 1963. He currently works for an insurance company
in Freetown. He has three published novels in Macmillan’s Pacesetters Series. This is his first
novel for teenagers. His “Unanswered Cries” won the Senior Section of the Children Literature
Award in the Macmillan Writer’s Prize for Africa, 2002.

INTRODUCTION
The novel is about a Female Genital Mutilation or female circumcision which is a deep-rooted
practice in some of the African societies including Sierra Leone; Writer’s homeland and in other
parts of the continents Tanzania included. Strange as it may seem, even in the so-called era of
globalization, science and technology some of the African societies like Temne tribe in Sierra
Leone are proud of such barbaric tradition. The writer calls for the efforts for uprooting this
unacceptable tradition.

ANALYSIS OF THE FORM

(i) The Title. The title of the novel and the book cover all of them symbolizes the content
of the book. The title reflects the problems and the challenges even the deaths that
happen to the girls when undergoing Female circumcision or FGM. All these evil
practices go unheard or ‘unanswered’ by the society where it is practiced. But the novel
breaks this silence. The author reveals the symbolism of the title in page 29 of the novel
when he says, “The shrieks of the girl were drowned. Her cries went unanswered. Her
clothes and pants were torn off her body. She fought like a wild cat, kicking and
punching and shrieking and scratching. Without any success”.
(ii) The Setting. The setting of the novel is Temne tribe in Sierra Leone. It is technically
set in any modern societies where this tradition is practiced including some tribe of
Tanzania and other tribes in Africa.
(iii) The Plot. The author has narrated his novel’s events in chapters so as to make his plot
more interesting and understandable. Thus, the novel is composed of 9 chapters. The
following is a plot summary of the novel:

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Analysis of ‘Unanswered Cries’ Emmanuel Kachele

CHAPTER ONE: AT MAKALAY’S HOME (Pages 5-14)

The novel opens as Olabisi and her mother, Makalay are at home. Olabisi while washing clothes,
she hears the approaching drummers, singers and dancers, all of them are members of the secret
Bondo society. She stops washing clothes and rushes to the mob to take photos with her camera
given to her by her father who live in Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone. Her father had told
her to take anything that is interesting while at holiday to her mother who is a Secondary school
teacher. Learning of Olabisi’s rushed into the group; Makalay quickly rushes into the group and
removes her from it. Then, Makalay warns her on her involvement that it is illegal for her to
participate because she is not a member of Bondo society. There is a conflict between them.

CHAPTER TWO: LATER THAT DAY (Pages 15-23)

Olabisi goes to the river to fetch water. As she is there she meets Rugiatu and Salay, the village
girls and daughters of Yah Posseh. She wonders how she fails to balance a bucket of water on her
head while Rugiatu and Salay can do it comfortably as they walk and talk at the same time. Olabisi
is little behind them. She attempts to reach them. As she calls them, she unknowingly calls them
‘gboka’ and they start quarrelling. Rugiatu and Salay are angry after being called ‘gboka’ because
that name means ‘uncirmcised girl’ and it is an insult for them because they are circumcised! They
put the buckets down and start fighting Olabisi. Olabisi is hit by a heavy object on her head. She
faints. Later, she finds herself on Makalay’s arms. She has regained consciousness.
Her mother warns her of the danger she has caused by fighting with Yah Posseh’s daughters. Yah
Posseh is the head of the women circumcisers. Suddenly, a crazy mob of women comes in front
of Makalay’s house. The mob is led by Yah Posseh herself. Yah Posseh has come to warn and
order Makalay that Olabisi should be circumcised in the evening that day at the bondo camp. This
is a punishment for what Olabisi has done to her daughters and as a tradition.
Failure to bring Olabisi at the bondo camp, Makalay who is pregnant now will have birth problems.
Yah Posseh warns. She is feared by the whole people in this society. After learning the terrible
situation, Olabisi decides to run away. Makalay and Dauda, her husband chases her but in vain.
As Dauda approaches her, Olabisi takes the bucket she left during the fight with the girls and throw
it on Dauda’s feet. Dauda falls down and fails to follow her.

CHAPTER THREE: IN THE JUNGLE (Pages 24-30)

“In the forest, a footpath resembles a tunnel. The chasing creature made the hairs at the back of
her neck stand”. Olabisi runs into the jungle. When in the jungle, she experiences several
challenges. At one time, she hears the footsteps behind her but it is just her imagination. She also
hears the voices of women. They approach where she is. She quickly climbs a tree. The women
talk the Temne, her mother’s tongue. The two women lead a girl between them to a certain place.
Olabisi now realizes that the girl is led to the bondo camp that is close to where she is. She
witnesses what is done to the girl while on the tree. At last the girl is brutally circumcised on her
eyes. She weeps terribly for that brutal act. As she falls from the tree; ready to run from the place,
she hears the voice; “Welcome to the bondo camp white woman”. Olabisi is frightened. It is Yah
Posseh and her two daughters. They surround her. She became helpless.

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Analysis of ‘Unanswered Cries’ Emmanuel Kachele

CHAPTER FOUR: MAKALAY’S DREAM (Pages 31-34)

Yah Posseh visits Makalay’s home in a dream. She meets Makalay and she performs on her house
the magic tings. She lifts the cock in the air and cut off its head. She throws the body in the air but
it bends and falls on Makalay’s feet. Makalay is scared to death and she is awake. After that dream,
Makalay is now determined to find Olabisi. Duada returns home and he joins her wife in the search.
In the search in the forest, Makalay meets Pa Amadu, the hunter. Makalay asks him to find Olabisi
for her. She promises to give him a gallon of palm oil and any goat of his choice from her husband’s
herd. Pa Amadu agrees.

CHAPTER FIVE: OLABISI IS STILL UNDER YAH POSSEH (Pages

35-38)
Olabisi is still under the control of Yah Posseh and her two daughters. Olabisi remembers the way
that girl was circumcised few minutes ago. She is afraid of Yah Posseh for she believes she is very
powerful, but she is not afraid of her daughters. Posseh lifts the red cock in front of her, cuts off
its head, look into the heaven, and throws the bleeding creature in the air. The blood scatters
everywhere. Olabisi is scared even more. Olabisi manages to escape. She fights the two daughters
first and turns to Yah Posseh who is scared too. Olabisi threatens Yah Posseh and runs down to
the river. Night falls fast in the forest, but the moon comes out with a smile, shading soft light
around her. She tries to cross a river but she is scared to see some creature of a long body like a
log moving swiftly towards her. She thinks it is a crocodile. She swiftly gets out of water. As he
takes the path back, she collides with Pa Amadu, the hunter. She negotiates with him to spare her
life. She pays him and Pa Amadu agrees to help her and show her the way to Freetown.

CHAPTER SIX: FREETOWN (Pages 39-50)

The chapter opens in the Freetown. Ade and Oyah, his fiancée and a lawyer, are in some sort of
conflict. It is about the accusations that Ade is having a secret love with a girl in town called
Yamide. Ade tries to amuses Oyah with a funny story about personified ‘boys’ (mosquitos) that
he says they invaded her. But Oyah is still not pleased. Ade promises to marry her so as to please
her. But as she stands in the doorway, hesitating like a chameleon, suddenly she hears the sound
of running feet behind her. She turns back only to see Olabisi face to face. Hugging and crying
dominates. After short small talks about everything that has happened to Olabisi, Oyah takes her
to the bathroom. Olabisi tells Oyah, “Be my mother”.
While Oyah and Olabisi are still in the bathroom, Makalay arrives and Ade blocks her at the door.
She says she wants Olabisi for circumcision. Ade refuses that that is impossible for his daughter.
Now we learn that these are the divorced couples. Oyah and Olabisi learn that Makalay has come
and Olabisi insists she is not ready to do what she wants. They keep silent in the bathroom. In an
attempt to get Olabisi, Makalay lies to Ade that, “She is not your daughter…… I fell in love with
Abdulraman”. Ade becomes furious, but later Makalay says she is just lying because she needs her
daughter terribly. Ade decides to take that matter to the court. Makalay agrees reluctantly and goes
back to the village without Olabisi.

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Analysis of ‘Unanswered Cries’ Emmanuel Kachele

CHAPTER SEVEN: TO THE COURT ON FRIDAY (Pages 51-64)

On Friday morning, Olabisi is very anxious of the idea of going to the court. She has never been
to the court. Ade Jones, her father, reminds her of legal words and techniques commonly used in
the court. In fact, for Ade and Olabisi, it is their first appearances before the court. Before the court
session, the protest of Bondo women happens in the streets of Freetown. They demand their right
to decide on the circumcision of girls. In the court, Olabisi is the first witness to be called by Oyah.
Oyah finishes questioning her and it comes the turn of Makalay’s lawyer to cross examine her.
Olabisi narrates her whole story and how she met Pa Amadu in the forest. “He said if I gave him
enough money to buy two goats instead of one, he would show me the way out of the forest instead
of taking me back to my mother” (56). “I gave him most of the money I had with me. Then he took
me to the main road and put me in a vehicle coming to Freetown”. (56).
Makalay’s lawyer reveals the love relationship between Olabisi and Eddy, Olabisi’s boyfriend.
This confuses Olabisi even more. She is disappointed. It is finally revealed that Olabisi had sex
with Eddy two times. She cries after hearing her privacy disclosed by Eddy like that. Makalay’s
lawyer says, “Exactly. It will reduce your appetite for sex and make you a clean girl” (59). Olabisi
asks a question to Makalay’s lawyer, “Does cutting a person’s tongue reduce his appetite for food
or his enjoyment of it?” (59). This becomes the difficult and confusing question to the lawyer. Ade
is called as a next witness to Oyah. Oyah interrogates him and Makalay’s lawyer cross examine
him.
Makalay’s lawyer asks comments on him, “You answered truthfully. For you have had five
girlfriends, and you are now living with a woman who is not your wife……the reckless father who
changes women the way he changes his shirts…” (62). Ade gets angry too, but the court goes on.
After all these, court is adjourned until ten o’clock Monday morning. Out of the court, Olabisi
faces Eddy, she kicks him, they exchange harsh words, and they break up their relationships at the
same time after the things that happened in the court earlier. She kicks him and calls him “Judas”.

CHAPTER EIGHT: AT HOME AND MONDAY MORNING AT THE

COURT (Pages 65-72)
Olabisi, Ade, and Oyah are all at home after the end of the court session on Friday. Olabisi is angry
after learning that she has angered her father in the court for having relationship with Eddy without
letting him know. Ade corrects himself to her by saying, “From now on, it will no longer be ‘Do
as I say’, but learn from watching me”. Oyah suggests Olabisi to be taken to gynaecologist, a
doctor who treats women, for more observation. Ade goes on telling Olabisi, “I hate what you did,
but I love you”.
It is on Monday morning and Judge Lansana Kanu resumes sitting. The court room is jam-packed
as it was on Friday. Oyah opens the hearing by calling several witnesses. Finally, she calls her last
witness. This is Dr. Asiatu Koroma who examined Olabisi over the weekend. Dr. Koroma says
she has been a gynaecologist for ten years. She has also written the articles and books on FGM.
The doctor explains how circumcision is performed in front of the court. She says; “Well, the
soweys are traditionally believed to possess supernatural powers. They are feared and protected
by the community in which they live” (70). “When a girl dies due to excessive bleeding or some
disease, the death is attributed to witchcraft” (70). “While in labour, the woman will be pressured
to confess to either one of the two (witchcraft or adultery) so that the gods will make it easier for
her to give birth” (70).

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Analysis of ‘Unanswered Cries’ Emmanuel Kachele

When Dr, Koroma finishes her testimony and the whole story and the process, she says that she
examined Olabisi over the weekend and found her to be healthy and normal. And she concludes
by saying; “There is no medical reason for amputating any part of her body or genitals” (70).
Makalay’s lawyer rises to his feet and cross examines Dr. Koroma reveals that she was circumcised
at the age of 12. Makalay’s lawyer reveals also that Umu, Dr. Asiatu’s daughter is HIV+ and will
be 13 on this Thursday. Dr. Asiatu agrees that Umu, his daughter was really circumcised 6 years
ago and got HIV right there.

CHAPTER NINE: A CASE RULING AND A HAPPY WEDDING (Pages

73-88)
It is Makalay’s lawyer time, Salaam Sesay, to call witness. As expected, all witnesses support
FGM. Yah Posseh is one of them. Her time comes and she comes to give her testimony. She is
helped by another bondo woman who acts as her interpreter. Yah Posseh explains to the court the
advantages of conducting FGM. She says, “I supervise the bondo rituals”. Yah Posseh to Olabisi
is seen as funny as Olabisi’s late grandmother, Makalay’s mother.
Olabisi is giggling so hard that she feels tears pricking her eyes. Oyah rises up to cross examine
Yah Posseh. She asks her several questions, “Without circumcision there is no bondo society. Is it
not a fact that there are millions of uncircumcised woman who remain faithful to their husbands
year after year?” She also asks her, “Is circumcising a seven-or eight-year-old girl absolutely
necessary for her to learn how to manage a family successfully?” (78). Sesay’s last witness is Mrs.
Makalay Kamara.
All in all, Makalay wants her daughter to be circumcised. Oyah cross examines her. She asks her
this question, “Mrs. Kamara, do you not find it surprising to see a college-educated woman
supporting and defending cruelty to a child, for the sake of a tradition based on a medical
ignorance and superstition?” (81). Oyah accuses Makalay that after breaking up with Ade, the
circumcision did not help her to abstain and she decided to be engaged to Dauda. When all
witnesses give their testimonies, lawyers make their closing speeches to the judge.
Oyah speaks for Ade and Olabisi while Salaam Sesay speaks for the Makalay and the bondo
society in general. The Judge now starts deciding the case. He asks the question to those who
support FGM, “Is it possible to maintain this bondo society tradition, this ancient rite of passage
to womanhood with its noble objectives, without circumcising the girls? Is it possible to remove
the stigma of uncircumcised from girls who choose not to be circumcised?” (86).

After posing these questions to bondo society, the Judge decides the case as follows,
“Consequently, the court hereby orders that the child Olabisi Jones, shall not be forced against
her will or the will of her father to undergo FGM”. Thus, Olabisi, Ade and Oyah jubilantly win
the case and they celebrate thereafter. Three months later, Ade and Oyah are married and at the
wedding, Olabisi becomes happier than before. At the wedding, he poses and says, “I am clean
and alive” (88).

CHARACTERS
The author has successfully created the characters that are reflective of the persons who live in our
contemporary societies. The following are the characters of this novel:

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Analysis of ‘Unanswered Cries’ Emmanuel Kachele

OLABISI JONES
 She is the central character of the novel.
 She is 14 years old.
 She is Ade’s and Makalay’s only daughter.
 LOVE. She is Eddy’s girlfriend in Freetown. They break up their relationship after Eddy’s
betrayal in the court.
 She has sex with Eddy two times.
 She is examined by Dr. Asiatu to check if she is healthy and normal.
 COURAGE. She is courageous. She manages to escape FGM through the forest and other
difficult experiences.
 AWARENESS. She is aware of the evils of FGM and she protests against this barbaric
tradition.
 CONFLICT. She quarrels with Makalay, Dauda, Rugiatu, Salay, Eddy, and Salaam Sesay.
VICTORIOUS.
 She finally wins the case with help from Oyah and her father. She becomes free, clean and
alive.
MRS. MAKALAY KAMARA
 She is Ade’s ex-wife and Olabisi’s biological mother.
 She is married to Dauda Kamara; now she is Dauda’s wife.
 CIRCUMCISION. She was circumcised when she was just 10 years old and started to have
sex at 14 years old and she was impregnated by Ade when she was 16 years old. It was the
pregnancy of Olabisi.
 She wants her daughter to be circumcised.
 She is a member of the bondo society.
 A TEACHER. She is a teacher and a college-educated woman but she is ignorant of the
evils of FGM and she supports it. She is not liberated.
 SUPERSTITIOUS & TRADITIONALIST. She is superstitious because she believes
deeply in witchcraft and sorcery.
 She is a traditionalist.
 CONFLICT. She quarrels with Olabisi, Yah Posseh, Dauda, Ade, and Oyah.
 She dislikes court or laws.
 She protests against any views that oppose FGM.
 She loses the case against her child.

THE END OF THE NOTES

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Analysis of ‘Unanswered Cries’ Emmanuel Kachele

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Other Analysed Literary Works by the Author

An Introduction to Literature
Hawa the Bus Driver
Kalulu the Hare
Passed Like a Shadow
Unanswered Cries
Black Hermit
The Lion and the Jewel
Song of Lawino
Lost Beauty
Eat More
Ballad of the Landlord
If We Must Die
Your Pain
An Abandoned Bundle
Houseboy
The Old Man and the Medal
The Lion and the Jewel
Kinjekitile
The Wonderful Surgeon and Other Poems

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Reference
Conteh, O (2002) Unanswered Cries, Macmillan Publishers Limited.

About the Author

Emmanuel Alkado Kachele (Manny Kachele) is a UDOM Alumni and a teacher who has been
teaching English language and Literature for both Private and Government Secondary Schools
since 2008. He has taught English Language and Literature in Tuition Centres, Private Schools,
and Government Schools in Rukwa, Iringa, Ruvuma, and Katavi respectively. In general, he has

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Analysis of ‘Unanswered Cries’ Emmanuel Kachele

been known as English language and Literature teacher for ‘O’ Level and ‘A’ level respectively.
He is currently an Educational Blogger and Head of Sibwesa Secondary School in Katavi Region.
Apart from being a blogger, he is active on numerous social media platforms where you can always
get in touch with him anytime. He can answer your questions through: Facebook as Manny
Kachele, Instagram as mannykachele, Twitter as @mannykachele, LinkedIn as Manny Kachele,
and Pinterest as Manny Kachele. He also manages the following Facebook Pages: Manny Kachele
& Kachele Online as well as one Facebook Group: English bit by bit.
He has now founded his own blogs; Kachele Online Blog and English Bit by Bit Blog so that
he can share more materials with the students and the teachers as well. He also runs the blog
Kachele Diary Blog where he shares his passion for diary keeping life.

Published by www.kacheleonline.co.tz Page 16