BANGALORE UNIVERSITY

III & IV Semester Chemistry Syllabus

for

B.Sc. / B.Sc. Honors Courses

Framed According to the National Educational Policy (NEP 2020)

(To be implemented from the academic year 2022-23)

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
Bangalore University
Jnanabharathi
Bangalore-560056

AUGUST-2022

1
 Preamble
The Board of studies in UG Chemistry headed by Prof G Krishnamurthy, the Chairman,
Department of Studies in Chemistry, Jnanabharathi Campus, Bangalore University had the
thorough discussions on the syllabus of III and IV semester Chemistry for BSc/ BSc Honors
courses using the syllabus provided by the NEP Chemistry syllabus drafting Committee. This
syllabus has to be accepted for the academic year 2022-23.
The Core committee consisting of the faculty members of different branches of Chemistry
namely Analytical, Physical, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry which comprising the BOS and
also additional faculty members from different UG Colleges of Bangalore University have made
effective joint brain storming discussions and arrived at a Syllabus in Chemistry for III and IV
semesters on 23.08.2022 and 24.08.2022.
The final syllabus incorporating all the suggestions was finally approved by the members
of the Board of Studies in Chemistry (UG) on 24.08.2022. The following Faculty Members of
the Core Committee were involved in the preparation of the Chemistry Syllabus.
Physical Chemistry Section
1. G. Krishnamurthy
2. K. Ramakrishna Reddy
3. P Nagegowda
Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry Section
1. M. Shubha
2. R. Nalini
3. B. M. Savitha
4. B M Sreenivas
Organic Chemistry Section
1. Renuka Manjunath
2. Vasudeva Reddy
3. Sumaiya Tabassum
4. Meenaakshi Srinivasan Sd/-
PROF. G. KRISHNAMURTHY
CHAIRMAN
BOS in Chemistry (UG)
Bangalore University
Bangalore -560056

2
3
PROGRAMME STRUCTURE

Sem. Discipline Core (DSC) Discipline Ability Enhancement Skill Enhancement Total
(L+T+P) Elective(DSE)/ Compulsory Courses Courses (SEC) Credits
Open Elective (AECC), Languages Skill Value
(OE) (L+T+P) based based
(L+T+P) (L+T+P)
I DISCIPLINE A1 ( 4 + 2 ) L1-1 (3), L2- SEC-1: 23
DSC-1:Analytical and OE – 1 1(3) Digital
Organic Chemistry-I (3 Fluency (2)
DSC lab-1:Analytical and CREDITS )
Organic Practicals-I
DISCIPLINE-B1(4+2) Chemistry in
Daily Life
II DISCIPLINE A2( 4 + 2 ) L1-2(3), L2- Health and 25
DSC-2:Inorganic and 2 (3) Environmen Wellness/
Physical Chemistry-I OE – 2 (3+1+0 each) tal Studies Social &
DSC Lab -2:Inorganic (3 (2) Emotional
and Physical Practicals-I CREDITS ) Learning
DISCIPLINE-B2(4+2) (2)
Molecules of
Life
Exit option with Certificate (48 credits)
III DISCIPLINE A3( 4 + 2 ) OE – 3 L1-3 (3), L2- SEC-2: (2) 23
DSC-3:Analytical and (3 3(3)
Organic Chemistry-II CREDITS ) (3+1+0 each)
DSC Lab-3: Analytical
and Organic Practicals-II
DISCIPLINE-B3(4+2)
IV DISCIPLINE A4( 4 + 2 ) OE – 4 L1-4 (3), L2- Constituti Sports/NC 25
DSC-4: Inorganic and (3 4(3) (3+1+0 on of C/NSS etc
Physical Chemistry-II CREDITS ) each) India (2)
DSC Lab-4:Inorganic and
Physical Practicals=II
DISCIPLINE-B4(4+2)
Exit option with Diploma (96 credits)
Choose any one Discipline as Major, the other as the Minor
V DISCIPLINE A5 ( 3 + 2 ) Ethics & 20
DSC-5: Self
DSC Lab-5 Awareness
DISCIPLINE A6 ( 3 + 2 ) (2) (1+0+2)
DSC-6: DSE A1
DSC Lab-6: ( 3 CREDITS ) SEC-3: (2)
DISCIPLINE B5 ( 3 + 2 )

VI DISCIPLINE A7 ( 3 + 2 )
DSC-7
DSC Lab-7
DISCIPLINE A8 ( 3 + 2 )
DSC-8 DSE A2
DSC Lab-8 ( 3 CREDITS SEC-4: (2) 20
DISCIPLINE B6 ( 3 + 2 ) )

Exit option with B. Sc. Basic Degree (136 credits)

VII DISCIPLINE A9 ( 3 + 2 )
DSC-9
DSC Lab-9
DSE A3 20
DISCIPLINE A10 ( 3 + 2 ) ( 3 CREDITS )
DSC-10
DSC Lab-10: RESEARCH
METHODOLO
DISCIPLINE A11 ( 4 ) GY
DSC-11 (3 CREDITS)

4
 VIII DISCIPLINE A12 ( 4 ) DSE A4
DSC-12 ( 3 CREDITS )
20
DISCIPLINE A13 (4) RESEARCH
DSC-13 PROJECT
( 6 CREDITS )
DISCIPLINE A14 (3)
DSC-14

Award of B.Sc. CHEMISTRY (Hons) degree (176 credits)

*In lieu of the research Project, two additional elective papers/ Internship may be offered.

Seme Teachi Hours / week Examination Pattern Max. & Min. Duration of Total
ster ng Marks /Paper Exam (hours) Marks / Credits
Sl. Title of the Paper Hours paper

No Theo Prac ESE IA Practical Theor Practic Theo Practic

. ry tical y al ry al

M Min. M Min. IA
ax. ax.

I DSC-3: 56 4 - 60 22 40 - - - 3 - 150 4 -
1 Analytical and
Organic
Chemistry-II
DSC LAB-3: 56 - 4 - - - 25 9 25 - 4 50 - 2
Analytical and
Organic
Chemistry-II

Chemistry-OE-3: 42 3 - 60 22 40 - - - 3 - 100 3 -
Chemistry in
Daily life
II DSC-4: 56 4 - 60 22 40 - - - 3 4 150 4 -
2 Inorganic and
Physical
Chemistry-II
DSC LAB-2: 56 - 4 - - - 25 9 25 - 4 50 - 2
Inorganic and
Physical
Chemistry-II
Chemistry-OE- 42 3 - 60 22 40 - - - 3 - 100 3 -
4:- Industrial
Applications in
Chemistry

5
6
 ASSESSMENT: WEIGHTAGE FOR ASSESSMENT
Common for both III and IV semesters
TYPE OF SUMMATIVE FORMATIVE
ASSESSMENT (MARKS) (MARKS)
THEORY 60 40

PRACTICAL 25 25

SCHEME OF INTERNAL ASSESSMENT MARKS:

THEORY PAPERS
Common for both III and IV semesters
Sl N PARTICULARS MARKS

1 Attendance 10

2 Assignments/ Seminars 10
3 Internal Tests ( Average of two 20
tests)
TOTAL 40
PRACTICALS
Common for both III and IV semesters
SL NO PARTICULARS MARKS

1 Attendance 05

2 Record writing 05
3 Internal Tests ( Average of two 15
tests)
TOTAL 25

Program Articulation Matrix:

This matrix lists only the core courses. Core courses are essential to earn the degree in that
discipline/subject. They include courses such as theory, laboratory, project, internships etc.
Elective courses may be listed separately

Semester Title /Name Program outcomes Pre- Pedagogy Assessment

Of the course that the course requisite
addresses course(s)
1 DSC-1: ● The concepts of P.U.C with Assignment Internal
Analytical chemical Chemistry Desk work Exams,
and Organic analysis, Continuous
Chemistry-I accuracy, Evaluation,
precision and Sem Exams
statistical data
treatment
● Understand the
preparation of
alkanes, alkenes
and alkynes, their

7
 reactions, etc.
● Understand the
mechanism of
nucleophilic,
electrophilic
reactions
DSC lab-1: ● The students will - Assignment Internal
Analytical be able to learn Desk work Exams,
and Organic how to handle the Continuous
Practicals-I glassware, Evaluation,
prepare and dilute Sem Exams
solutions and
perform the
experiments with
prepared reagents
● The students will
be able to
determine the
analyte through
volumetric and
gravimetric
analysis and
understand the
chemistry
involved in each
method of
analysis.
● The students will
be able to deduce
the conversion
factor based on
stoichiometry and
in turn use this
value for
calculation

2 DSC-2: ● The Bohr’s - Assignment Internal

Inorganic theory of atomic Desk work Exams,
and Physical structure and how Continuous
Chemistry-I it was developed Evaluation,
● Quantum Sem Exams
numbers and their
necessity in
explaining the
atomic structure
● The concept of
unit cell,
symmetry
elements, Nernst
distribution law.
DSC Lab -2: ● Techniques like Assignment Internal
Inorganic precipitation, Desk work Exams,
and Physical filtration, drying Continuous
Practicals-I and ignition Evaluation,
● Various titrimetric Sem Exams

8
 techniques and
gravimetric
methods
● To determine the
physical constants
of organic liquids
and molecular
weight of non-
volatile solute.

3 DSC-3: ● The concepts of DSC-1 and Assignment Internal

Analytical chemical DSC-2 Desk work Exams,
and Organic analysis, Continuous
Chemistry-II accuracy, Evaluation,
precision and Sem Exams
statistical data
treatment
● Understand the
preparation of
alkanes, alkenes
and alkynes, their
reactions, etc.
● Understand the
mechanism of
nucleophilic,
electrophilic
reactions
DSC Lab-3: ● The students will
Analytical be able to learn
and Organic how to handle the
Practicals-II glassware,
prepare and dilute
solutions and
perform the
experiments with
prepared reagents
● The students will
be able to
determine the
analyte through
volumetric and
gravimetric
analysis and
understand the
chemistry
involved in each
method of
analysis.
● The students will
be able to deduce
the conversion
factor based on
stoichiometry and
in turn use this
value for

9
 calculation
4 DSC-4: ● The Bohr’s Assignment Internal
Inorganic theory of atomic Desk work Exams,
and Physical structure and how Continuous
Chemistry-II it was developed Evaluation,
● Quantum Sem Exams
numbers and their
necessity in
explaining the
atomic structure
● The concept of
unit cell,
symmetry
elements, Nernst
distribution law.
DSC Lab-4: ● Techniques like
Inorganic precipitation,
and Physical filtration, drying
Practicals-II and ignition
● Various titrimetric
techniques and
gravimetric
methods
● To determine the
physical constants
of organic liquids
and molecular
weight of non-
volatile solute.
5. DSC-5: DSC-3 and MOOC, Internal tests,
DSC Lab-5: DSC-4 Problem Assignments,
DSC-6: solving Quiz
DSC Lab-6:

6. DSC-7: MOOC, Internal tests,

DSC Lab-7: Problem Assignments,
DSC-8: solving Quiz
DSC Lab-8:

7. DSC-9 : DSC-5, MOOC, Internal tests,

DSC Lab-9: DSC-6, Problem Assignments,
DSC-10: DSC-7 and solving Seminar,
DSC Lab-10 : DSC-8 Debate, Quiz
DSC-11:

8. DSC-12: Project Internal tests,

DSC Lab-12 work, Assignments,
DSC-13: Industrial Seminar,
DSC Lab-13 Visit Debate, Quiz
DSC-14:

10
 CHEMISTRY
DSC-3: Analytical and Organic Chemistry-II
Contact Hours: 56 Work load: 4 Hours/Week.
Credit Points :4
Evaluation: Continuous Internal Assesment-40 Marks
Semester End Examination -60 Marks
Course Objectives:
1) Interrelationship among frequency, wavelength and wave number and importance of
validation parameters of an instrumental method will be taught
2) Principle, instrumentation and applications of spectrophotometry, nephelometry and
turbidometry will be taught
3) Fundamentals of separation methods and principles of paper, thin layer and column
chromatography will be taught
4) Principle, types and applications of solvent extraction will be taught
5) Principle and mechanism of ion-exchange, types of resins and domestic and industrial
applications of ion-exchange chromatography will be taught
6) The concept of mechanism and its importance will be taught to the student
7) Concept and importance of intermediates in organic chemistry will be taught taking
proper examples
8) The various techniques for identification of reaction mechanism will be taught to the
student taking proper examples
9) Concept of stereochemistry and its importance will be taught.
10) The various projection formulae and the techniques of designating the molecules into R,
S, D, L will be taught taking proper examples
11) The theory and concept of Cis-, Trans- isomerism and its importance and the techniques
to differentiate between them will be taught taking examples

Course Specific Outcomes

After the completion of this course, the student would be able to

1) Understand the importance of fundamental law and validation parameters in chemical

analysis
2) Know how different analytes in different matrices (water and real samples) can be
determined by spectrophotometric, nephelometric and turbidometric methods.
3) Understand the requirement for chemical analysis by paper, thin layer and column
chromatography.
4) Apply solvent extraction method for quantitative determination of metal ions in different
samples
5) Utilize the ion-exchange chromatography for domestic and industrial applications
6) Explain mechanism for a given reaction.
7) Predict the probable mechanism for a reaction. Explain the importance of reaction
intermediates, its role and techniques of generating such intermediates
11
 8) Explain the importance of Stereochemistry in predicting the structure and property of
organic molecules.
9) Predict the configuration of an organic molecule and able to designate it.
10) Identify the chiral molecules and predict its actual configuration.

Course Articulation Matrix: Mapping of Course Outcomes (COs) with Program

Outcomes (POs 1-12)

Course Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(COs) / Program
Outcomes (POs)
1 X
2 X
3 X
4 X
5 X
6 X
7 X
8 X

Course Articulation Matrix relates course outcomes of course with the corresponding program outcomes
whose attainment is attempted in this course. Mark ‘X’ in the intersection cell if a course outcome
addresses a particular program outcome.

12
 DSC-3: Analytical and Organic Chemistry-II
Contact Hours: 56 Work load: 4 Hours/Week.
Unit-I
Quantitative Analysis-Instrumental methods
Electromagnetic spectrum, absorption of electromagnetic radiation, Definition and units of
frequency, wavelength, wave number, Beer’s law, Beer-Lambert law derivation,deviations
from Beer’s law, limitations, construction of calibration graph (Plot of absorbance versus
concentration), Evaluation Procedures- standard addition, Internal standard addition,
validation parameters-detection limits, sensitivity, dynamic/linearity range, Instrumentation,
single beam and double beam spectrophotometers, quantitative applications of colorimetry
(determination of Fe, Mo, Cu, Ti and PO43-) and numerical problems on application of
Beer’s law. 10 hrs
Nephelometry and Turbidimetry: Introduction, principle, instrumentations of
nephelometry and turbidimetry; effects of concentration, particle size and wavelength on
scattering; choice between nephelometry, applications of nephelometry and turbidimetry
(determination of S042- and PO43-). 4 hrs

Unit-II
Separation methods
Solvent Extraction: Definition of solvent extraction, Types- batch, continuous, efficiency,
selectivity, Nernst distribution law, derivation, distribution coefficient, factors affecting the
partition, relationship between % extraction and volume fraction, Numerical problems on
solvent extraction. Solvent extraction of iron and copper. 4hrs

Fundamentals of chromatography: General description, definition, terms and parameters

used in chromatography, classification of chromatographic methods, criteria for selection of
stationary and mobile phase and nature of adsorbents. Principles of paper, thin layer, column
chromatography. Column efficiency, factors affecting the column efficiency, van
Deemter’s equation and its modern version. 3hrs

Paper chromatography: Theory and applications.

Thin layer chromatography (TLC): Mechanism, Rf value, efficiency of TLC plates,
methodology–selection of stationary and mobile phases, development, spray reagents,
identification and detection, qualitative applications. 4 hrs
Ion exchange chromatography: resins, types with examples- cation exchange and anion
exchange resins, mechanism of cation and anion exchange process and applications of ion-
exchange chromatography (softening of hard water, separation of lanthanides, industrial
applications). 3hrs
Unit-III
Reaction Intermediates: Generation, Stability and Reactions of,
i) Carbocations: Dienone-phenol; and Pinacol-Pinacolone Rearrangement.
ii) Carbanions : Perkin Reaction, Aldol condensation, Claisen-Schmith condensation.
iii) Free Radicals: Sandmeyer Reaction
13
 iv) Carbenes and Nitrenes: Singlet and Triplet states, their relative stability and reactions
v) Arynes: Formation and detection 8
hrs
Methods for identifying reaction mechanism:
Product analysis, Isolation and Identification of Intermediates, Stereochemical
Evidences, Effect of Catalyst, crossover Experiments, Isotopic studies, Kinetic Studies.
6 hrs

Unit-IV
Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds:
Fischer projection, Newmann and Sawhorse projection formulae and their interconversions.
Geometrical isomerism: Cis-trans and syn-anti isomerism, E/Z notations with C.I.P rules.
Optical Isomerism: Optical activity, Specific rotation, Chirality/Asymmetry, Enantiomers,
Molecules with two or more chiral centres, Diasteroisomers, meso structures, Racemic
mixtures and Resolution, Relative and absolute configuration, D/L and R/S designations
14 hrs
References:
1) Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry, D.A. Skoog, D.M. West, Holler and Crouch, 8th
edition, Saunders College Publishing, New York (2005).
2) Analytical Chemistry, G.D. Christian, 6th edition, Wiley-India (2007).

3) Quantitative Analysis, R.A. Day and A.L. Underwood, 6th edition, PHI Learning Pvt Ltd.
New Delhi (2009).
4) Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, J. Mendham, R.C. Denney, J.D.
Barnes and M. J. K. Thomas, 6th edition, Third Indian Reprint, Pearson Education Pvt Ltd.
(2007).
5) Organic Reaction Mechanism, V. K. Ahluwalia and R. K. Parashar, Narosa Publishers,
(2007).
6) Organic Chemistry, S. M Mukherji, S. P Singh and R. K Kapoor (Volume II), International
Pvt Ltd. Narosa Publishers, (2003).
7) Organic Chemistry, R.N Morrison and R.N Boyd, Darling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
Pearson Education, (2016).
8) Organic Chemistry: Stereochemistry and the Chemistry of Natural Products, I. L Finar
(Volume I), I. L Finar, (Volume II), Dorling Kindersley India Pvt Ltd. Pearson Education,
(2002).
9) Stereochemistry, Conformation and Mechanism, P.S Kalsi, New age International, (2005).
10) Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Wiley, E.L Eliel and S.H Wilen, (London),
(2020).

14
 PRACTICALS
Credit Points: 2 Teaching Hours:4 hrs
Evaluation: Continuous Internal Assessment-20 marks
Semester End Examination :30 marks

Course Objectives
1) To impart skills related to preparation of stock and working solutions and handling of
instrumental methods
2) To know the principle of colorimetric analysis and construction of calibration plot
3) To understand the chemistry involved in colorimetric determination of metal ions and anions
4) To determine Rf values of different metal ions present in a mixture
5) To impart knowledge on the importance of functional groups in organic compounds.
6) Techniques to identify the functional groups in a compound by performing physical and
chemical tests
7) To record its melting point/boiling point.
8) To prepare suitable derivative for that compound and to characterize it.

Course Specific outcomes

After the completion of this course, the student would be able to
1) Understand the importance of instrumental methods for quantitative applications
2) Apply colorimetric methods for accurate determination of metal ions and anions in water or
real samples
3) Understand how functional groups in a compound is responsible for its characteristic property
4) Learn the importance of qualitative tests in identifying functional groups.
5) Learn how to prepare a derivative for particular functional groups and how to purify it.
PART-A (Analytical Chemistry)
1) Colorimetric determination of copper using ammonia solution
2) Colorimetric determination of iron using thiocyanate solution
3) Colorimetric determination of nickel using DMG solution
4) Colorimetric determination of titanium using hydrogen peroxide
5) Colorimetric determination of nitrite in a water sample (diazo coupling Reaction/Griess
reagent
6) Colorimetric determination of phosphate as ammonium phosphomolybdate
7) Determination of Rf values of two or three component systems by TLC
8) Separation of different metal ions by paper chromatography/ Solvent extraction of iron using
oxine solution (demonstration)

PART-B(Organic Chemistry)
Qualitative analysis of bifunctional Organic compounds such as:
1)Salycilic acid , p-Nitro benzoic acid, Antranilicacid, p-Chloro benzoic acid
2) o-Cresol, p-Cresol, Resorcinol,o- Nitrophenol, p-nitophenol
3)o-Nitro aniline, p-Nitroaniline, p-Toluidine, p-Chloroaniline, p- Bromoaniline,
4)Ethyl Salicylate, Salicylaldehyde, Actophenone, p-Dichlorobenzene, p-Nitro
toluene,,Benzamide etc.(Atleast 6-8 compounds to be analysed in a semester )

15
References
1)Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, J. Mendham, R.C. Denney, J.D.Barnes
and M.J.K. Thomas, 6th edition, Third Indian Reprint, Pearson Education Pvt Ltd (2007).
2) Vogels Text Book of Qualitative Chemical Analysis, ELBS (1989).

16
 OE1: For Science students

Title of the Course: Open Elective-3: ATOMIC STRUCTURE, BONDING AND

CONCEPTS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Contact Hours: 42 Workload: 3 hours per week

Credit Points: 3
Evaluation: Continuous Internal Assessment - 40 marks
Semester End Examination - 60 marks

Course Objectives:
1) To develop an understanding of principles of Atomic structure
2) To know the importance of quantum numbers, writing of electronic configurations and
represention of orbitals
3) To develop an understanding of the periodic trends
4) To understand the nature of bonding and to predict the shapes of molecules
5) To construct MO energy level diagrams and predict the properties of molecules
6) To understand the formation of sigma and pi bonds and the bond strength.
7) To study the classification of organic reactions
8) To learn nomenclature preparation and reactions of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and stability of
alicyclic compounds

COURSE CONTENT

Unit I: Atomic Structure and Periodic Properties

History of an atom. Idea of de Broglie matter waves. Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
Schrödinger wave equation, significance of wave functions, Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom and
its limitations. Quantum numbers and their importance, atomic orbitals and shapes of s, p, d
orbitals, Multi-electron atoms, Aufbau and Pauli exclusion principle and Hund’s multiplicity
rule- Electronic configurations of the elements (atomic no. up to 30), effective nuclear charge
and shielding. 8 hrs

Periodic Properties
Atomic radius, Covalent, ionic and van der Waal radii-explanation with examples. Definition
and periodicity of the following properties - ionic radii, ionisation potential, electron affinity and
electronegativity, methods of determination of electronegativity. Factors affecting the values of
ionisation energy. 6 hrs

Unit II: Chemical Bonding

Ionic Solids– Ionic structures (NaCl, CsCl, TiO2, ZnS), radius ratio rule and coordination
number, limitation of radius ratio rule, lattice energy and Born-Haber cycle, solvation energy
and solubility of ionic solids, polarizing power and polarisability of ions, Fajan’s rule and their
consequences. 4 hrs
Covalent Bond – Valence bond theory and its limitations, directional characteristics of covalent

17
bond, various types of hybridization with examples and shapes of simple inorganic molecules
and ions. Shapes of NH3, I3+, I3- , SF4, CIF3, IF5, ICl2- and H2O using valence shell electron pair
repulsion (VSEPR) theory, linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO), bonding, nonbonding
and antibonding molecular orbitals, physical picture of bonding and antibonding wave functions.
Applications of MO theory to explain the stability of homo dinuclear (He2, N2, O2, F2, C2) and
hetero dinuclear (NO and CO) molecules. Comparison of M.O. and V.B. Models.
7 hrs
Metallic bond-free electron, Band theory-electrical properties of metals, semiconductors and
insulators.
Weak interactions – Hydrogen bonding and its consequences, van der Waals forces. 3 hrs

Unit III: Bonding and molecular structure and hydrocarbons

Bonding and molecular structure: Introduction to organic chemistry, atomic orbitals, sigma
and pi bond formation-molecular orbital [MO] method, sp, sp2and sp3 hybridization, bond
length, bond dissociation energies and bond angles (open chain and cyclic compounds).
Electronegativity and polarity of the bonds. Classification and reactions of organic compounds
(with examples). 7 hrs
Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes
Definition, Nomenclature, preparations (any two methods)
Reactions: Electrophilic, nucleophilic and free radical addition reactions
Alicyclic compounds:
Nomenclature, preparation and stability of cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane and
cyclohexane. 7 hrs

Reference Books:
1. Concise Inorganic Chemistry, J. D. Lee, ELBS. (1996)
2. Fundamental Concepts of Inorganic Chemistry, A. K. Das, 3rd edition, Vol 1. (2020)
3. Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity, J. E Huheey, E. A Keiter, R.
L Keiter & O. K Medhi, Pearson Education India, (2006)
4. Inorganic Chemistry, D.F Shriver & P. W Atkins, Oxford University Press. (2009)
5. Schaum’s Outline Series Theory and Problems of Organic Chemistry. SI (metric) edition
Herbert Meislich, Howard Nechamkin and Jacob Sharefkin. (2013)
6. Organic chemistry. Robert T. Morrison and Robert N. Boyd, 6th Edition. (1992)
7. Organic Chemistry, I. L.Finar (Volume I). (2002)

COURSE OUTCOME:

On completion of the course the student will learn and be able to understand/explain
1) the concept of atomic structure, significance of quantum numbers, filling of electrons of
atoms/ions in various orbitals as per rules
2) the trends in periodic properties
3) the structures of ionic solids, applications of B-H cycle, solubility of compounds and
consequences of polarization of ions
4) the shapes of molecules/ions based on VSEPR theory

18
5) the construction of MO energy level diagrams and prediction of properties of
molecules/ions like bond order, bond energies, bond lengths and magnetic properties.
6) the formation of sigma and pi bonds and the bond strength
7) the classification of organic reactions
8) nomenclature preparation, and reactions of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and stability of
alicyclic compounds.

OE 2 : For Other than Science Students

19
20
 CHEMISTRY
DSC-4: Inorganic and Physical Chemistry-II
Contact Hours: 56 Work load: 4 Hours/Week.
Credit Points :4
Evaluation: Continuous Internal Assesment-40 MarksSemester End
Examination -60 Marks
Course Objectives:
Students learn about
1) Different types of bonding in molecules/compounds/ions
2) The structures of molecules/compounds/ions based on different models/theories
3) Properties of compounds based on bonding and structure
4) The fundamentals of thermodynamics including the laws, the concept of entropy and
free energy functions and their applications.
5) The concepts of surface chemistry, catalysis and their applications.
6) The theoretical and experimental aspects of chemical kinetics including basic theories
of reaction rates and methods of determining order.
7) Electrochemistry dealing with electrolytes in solution. Conductance measurements and
applications. Concept of ionic mobility and their determination.
Course outcomes:
After the completion of this course, the student would be able to
1) Predict the nature of the bond formed between different elements
2) Identify the possible type of arrangements of ions in ionic compounds
3) Write Born - Haber cycle for different ionic compounds
4) Relate different energy parameters like, lattice energy, entropy, enthalpy and solvation
energy in the dissolution of ionic solids
5) Explain covalent nature in ionic compounds
6) Write the M.O. energy diagrams for simple molecules
7) Differentiate bonding in metals from their compounds
8) Learn important laws of thermodynamics and their applications to various
thermodynamic systems
9) Understand adsorption processes and their mechanisms and the function and purpose of
a catalyst
10) Apply adsorption as a versatile method for waste water purification.
11) Understand the concept of rate of a chemical reaction, integrated rate equations, energy
of activation and determination of order of a reaction based on experimental data
12) Know different types of electrolytes, usefulness of conductance and ionic mobility
measurements
13) Determine the transport numbers
DSC-4: Inorganic and Physical Chemistry-II
Contact Hours: 56 Work load: 4 Hours/Week.
Unit - I
Structure and Bonding -I
The ionic bond: Structures of ionic solids
Radius ratio rules, Calculation of some limiting radius ratio values, Coordination number 3

21
(planar triangle), Coordination number 4 (tetrahedral and square planar), Coordination
number 6 (octahedral), Close packing. 3hrs
Classification of ionic structures:
Ionic compounds of the type AX (ZnS, NaCl, CsCI)
Ionic compounds of the type AX2 (Calcium fluoride (fluorite) and Rutile structure Layer
structures CdI2 , Cadmium iodide structure
Limitations of radius ratio concept 2 hrs
Lattice energy and Born-Haber cycle, Derivation of Born-Lande equation and itsdrawbacks,
Kapustinskii equation, solvation energy and solubility of ionic solids, polarizing power and
polarizability, Fajan’s rules with applications.
Numerical problems 5 hrs
Covalent bond: Valence bond theory, The Lewis theory, The octet rule, Exceptions to the
octet rule, Sidgwick- Powell theory. Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory,
Effect of lone pairs, electronegativity, isoelectronic principle, Examples using VSEPR
theory: BF3 and BF4-, NH3 and NH4+, H2O, PCl5, CIF3, SF4, I3-and I3+, SF6, and IF7.
Limitations of VSEPR. 4 hrs
Unit - II
Structure and Bonding -II
Concept of resonance, resonance energy, hybridisation, types of hybridization, sp, sp2, sp3
dsp2 dsp3, d2sp3, sp3d2 with one example each, and energetics of hybridization. Bent's rule,
Limitations of Valence Bond Theory. 3 hrs
Molecular Orbital theory:
LCAO concept: s-s, s-p, p-p, p-d and d-d combinations of orbitals, bonding, nonbonding and
antibonding molecular orbitals, non-bonding combinations of orbitals, Rules for linear
combination of atomic orbitals

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Examples of molecular orbital treatment for homonuclear diatomic molecules, H2 molecule,
H+ He2 molecule, He+2 molecule ion, Li2 molecule, Be2 molecule, B2 molecule, C2 molecule,
2-
N2 molecule, N2+, O2 molecule, O- and O2 M.O. energy diagrams of heteronuclear diatomic
molecules with examples (NO, NO+,CO and HCl). Calculation of bond order, relationship
between bond order, bond energy and bond length, magnetic properties based on MOT.
7 hrs

Metallic Bonding:
General properties of metals: Conductivity, Lustre, Malleability and cohesive force Crystal
structures of metals and Bond lengths
Theories of bonding in metals:
Free electron theory, Valence bond theory, Molecular orbital or band theory of solids
Prediction of conducting properties of conductors. insulators and semiconductors, extrinsic
and intrinsic semiconductors using M.O. theory. 4 hrs

UNIT III
First Law of Thermodynamics
Thermodynamic Processes, Reversible and Irreversible Processes, Nature of Heat and
Work,Internal Energy, First Law of Thermodynamics, Enthalpy of a System,Work done in
isothermal and adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas, Numerical problems, Joule -Thomson
Expansion, Relation between Joule-Thomson coefficient and other thermodynamic
parameters.

Second law of Thermodynamics

Concept of entropy, thermodynamic scale of temperature, Statements of the Second Law of
Thermodynamics, molecular and statistical interpretation of entropy, Calculation of entropy
change for reversible and irreversible processes, Free Energy Functions: Gibbs and
Helmholtz energy, Variation of S, G, A with T, V and P, Numerical problems, Free energy
change and spontaneity, Gibbs-Helmholtz equation.

Third Law of Thermodynamics

Statement of third law, concept of residual entropy, calculation of absolute entropy of
molecules. 9 Hrs

Surface Chemistry
Adsorption: Types of adsorption isotherms. Freundlich adsorption isotherm (only equation),
its limitations. Langmuir adsorption isotherm (derivation to be done) and BET equation
(derivation not included).

Catalysis: Types of Catalysis and theories with examples (intermediate compound theory and
adsorption theory), Theory of acid base catalysis, Michaelis-Menten mechanism.
Heterogeneous catalysis: surface reactions, unimolecular, bimolecular surface reactions.
Autocatalysis with examples. Applications: Design process to removal of toxic compounds
from industrial wastewater and treatment of portable water requirements. 5 Hrs
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 UNIT IV
Chemical Kinetics
Differential and integrated form of rate expressions up to second order reactions, Derivation
of expression of rate constant of second order reaction (a=b and a ≠ b), Problems on rate
constant (a=b), Methods of determination of order of a reaction, temperature dependence of
reaction rates; Arrhenius equation, activation energy, Numerical problems on Arrhenius
equation in calculating energy of activation and rate constants. Collision theory of reaction
rates, Lindemann’s mechanism, qualitative treatment of the theory of absolute reaction rates.
Experimental determination of kinetics of (i) inversion of cane sugar by polarimetric method
(ii) spectrophotometric method for the reaction between potassium persulphate and potassium
iodide. 7 Hrs

Electrochemistry – I
Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation. Merits and Demerits, Conductance, Specific
conductance, equivalent and molar conductivity and their variation with dilution. Molar
conductivity at infinite dilution. Numerical problems.
Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions and its applications, Debye-Hückel-
Onsager equation. Ionic mobilities and their determinations, transference numbers and their
relation to ionic mobility’s, determination of transference numbers using Hittorf and Moving
Boundary methods.
Applications of conductance measurement: (i) degree of dissociation of weak electrolytes (ii)
ionic product of water (iii) solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts (iv)
conductometric titrations (acid base titrations only) and (v) Hydrolysis constants of salts.
Numerical problems. 7 Hrs

Reference Books
1. Physical Chemistry, Peter Atkins & Julio De Paula, 9th Edition, Oxford University
Press, (2010)
2. Physical Chemistry, G. W Castellan, 4th Edition, Narosa publishers, (2004)
3. Physical Chemistry, R. G Mortimer, 3rd Edition, Elsevier: Noida, UP (2009)
4. Principal of Physical Chemistry, B. R Puri, L. R Sharma and M. S Pathania, Vishal
Publishing Co. (2008)
5. Essentials of Physical chemistry, B. S Bahl, G. D Tuli and Arun Bahl, S Chand &
Company Ltd. (1994)
6. A textbook of Physical Chemistry, A. S Negi and S. C Anand, New Age International
Publishers, (2022)
7. Advanced Physical chemistry, B. N Bajpai, S Chand and Company Ltd, (2012)
8. Chemistry for Degree Students, R. L Madan, Semester I, II, III and IV, S. Chand and
Company Ltd.
9. Textbook of Physical Chemistry, P. L Soni, O. P Dharmarha and U N Dash, Sultan
Chand and Sons (2021)

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 PRACTICALS
Credit Points: 2 Teaching Hours:4Hrs
Evaluation: Continuous Internal Assessment-20 marks
Semester End Examination: 30 marks
Course objective:
To attain practical knowledge about:
1) Analytical skills in detecting the constituents present in unknown samples by systematically
carrying out thequalitative analysis.
2) The methods of determining rates of chemical reactions.
3) Designing electrochemical cells and making measurements related to it.
4) Determination of physical characteristics of electrolytes using conductivity measurements
in solution.
5) Adsorption phenomenon, mechanism and basic models to explain adsorption.
6) Simple techniques like conductometry to obtain physicochemical parameters of electrolytes.
Course outcomes: At the end of the course student would be able to
1) Understand the chemical reactions involved in the detection of cations and anions.
2) Explain basic principles involved in classification of ions into groups in semi-micro
qualitative analysis of salt mixture
3) Carryout the separation of cations into groups and understand the concept of common ion
effect.
4) Understand the choice of group reagents used in the analysis.
5) Analyse a simple inorganic salt mixture containing two anions and cations
6) Use instruments like a conductivity meter to obtain various physicochemical
parameters.
7) Apply the theory about chemical kinetics and determine the velocity constants of various
reactions.
8) Learn about the reaction mechanisms.
9) Interpret the behavior of interfaces, the phenomena of physisorption and chemisorption
and their applications in chemical and industrial processes.
10)Learn to fit experimental data with theoretical models and interpret the data

Part A- Inorganic Chemistry Practicals

Qualitative semi-micro analysis of mixtures containing 2 anions and 2 cations. Emphasis
should be given to the understanding of different reactions.
The following cations and anions are suggested.
Cations: NH4+, Pb2+ , Bi3+ , Cu2+ , Al3+, Fe3+, Co2+ , Cr3+ , Ni2+, Zn2+ , Mn2+ , Ba2+ , Ca2+
, Sr2+ , Mg2+ , Na+, K+ and Li+.
2- 3- 2- 2- 3-
Anions: CO3 , CH3COO-, Cl- , Br -, I- , NO3- , BO3 , SO4 , C2O4 and PO4
Spot tests and flame tests to be carried out wherever possible.

Part B- Physical Chemistry Practicals

1. Determination of the enthalpy of neutralization of a strong acid with strong base.
2. The study of kinetics of potassium persulphate and potassium iodide
volumetrically.
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3. Determination of velocity constant for acid catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl acetate.
4. Determination of equivalent conductivity of strong electrolyte and verification of DHO
equation.
5. Determination of dissociation constant of weak acid by conductivity method.
6. Conductometric titration of strong acid and strong base.
7. Conductometric titration of weak acid and strong base.
8. Determination of solubility product of sparingly soluble salt conductometrically.

References
1. Vogel’s Qualitative analysis, Revised by G. Svehla, Pearson education, (2002)
2. Advanced Physical Chemistry, J. B Yadav, Krishna Prakashan Media (P) Ltd, Meerut (2014)
3. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, B. D Khosla, V. C Garg, & A. R Gulati, Chand & Co.
New Delhi (2011)
4. Experiments in Physical Chemistry,C. W Garland, J. W Nibler & D. P Shoemaker, 8th
Edition McGraw-Hill: New York (2003)
5. Experimental Physical Chemistry, A. M Halpern & G. C McBane, W.H Freeman & Co, New
York (2003)

Semester 4
B Sc / B Sc (Honors)

Title of the Course: Open Elective: Applications of Chemistry in Industries

Number of Theory Credits Number of lecture hours/semester

3 42

Evaluation Scheme for Theory:

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA): 40 Marks Semester End Examination (SEE): 60
marks

This course provides a broad introduction to the fundamental principles of Electrochemistry,

Corrosion and Metallurgy. The student will gain an understanding of basic and practical
applications in various fields of Electrochemistry, Corrosion and Metals and Alloy behaviour
andmanufacturing processes. This course is a valuable prerequisite for taking more technically
challenging courses that will be required for career development.

Course Objectives
This course will deal with
1) Types of conductance, concept of electrolytes, electrolysis, redox reactions and EMF
2) Concept of different types of electrochemical cells, Types of electrodes and electrode
potential. Application of electrochemical series.
3) Basic principles and applications of conductometric, potentiometric and pH titrations.
4) Different types of Batteries their principle construction and working - lead-acid storage

26
 and lithium ion battery. Study of Fuels cells.
5) Concept of corrosion, types of corrosion and its prevention by different
methods. Introduction to electroplating.
6) Introduction to ores and minerals, extraction of metals from their ores, and purification.
Eg., Manganese, Titanium and Uranium.
7) Study of alloys, classification, production and uses of alloys.

Expected Course Outcomes

Upon completion of the course students will be able to
1) Understand the concept of conductance in electrolytic solutions, electrolysis and redox
reactions involved in electrode reactions.

2) Learn the different types of electrochemical cells, their symbolical representation and
application of electrochemical series.
3) Apply conductometric, potentiometric and pH titrations
4) Know the principle, construction and working of batteries
5) Understand different types of corrosion and its prevention by different methods
6) Learn the methods of extraction of metals from their ores and purification

UNIT I
Electrochemical Energy Sources
Batteries:Definition of a Cell and a Battery, Examples to each, Daniel cell, dry Cells -
electrolytic and Galvanic cell, Representation of a cell. Standard electrode potential, Nernst
equation (No derivation) and its application to chemical cell,
Oxidation -reduction reactions, electrode potential, EMF of an electrochemical cell,
Electrochemical series and its importance.
Primary and Secondary batteries, Battery components and their role. Working of the following
Batteries- Lead acid, Lithium Storage, Batteries, Fuel cells. 12 hrs
Types of Electrodes- Hydrogen, Calomel and Glass electrodes. Determination of pH using glass
electrode. 2 hrs

UNIT II
Corrosion: Introduction, definition, damages of corrosion, reasons for corrosion to occur, Types
of Corrosion, Corrosion rate, Factors affecting corrosion rate, Metallic factor-purity, electrode
potential of metal, hydrogen over voltage, nature of corrosion product. Environmental Factors-
Temperature, pH of the medium, humidity, presence of impurities, electrical conductivity of the
medium, velocity of the medium, concentration of the medium.
5hrs

Prevention of Corrosion: Material selection - Metals and alloys, metal purification, non-
metallic, Alteration of environment - Changing media, inhibitors, Design-wall thickness, design
rules, Coating-Metallic and other inorganic coatings, organic coating. 5 hrs

Electroplating: Introduction, Electroplating of chromium (hard and decorative). Electro less

27
plating: Introduction, distinction between electroplating and electroless plating processes.
Electroless plating of copper. 4 hrs

UNIT III
Metallurgy
Introduction: Ore, minerals, important ores of some common elements in India, General
Principles of pyrometallurgy, roasting, Calcination, Gangue, Smelting, Flux, Gravity separation,
Froth flotation process, leaching. Techniques employed for Purification of metal (Distillation
process, Bessemerization, Electro-refining, Van Arkel and De Boer’s Filament.
6 hrs
Extraction of metals: Extraction of Manganese (Pyrolusite), Titanium (Ilmanite) and
Uranium. 4 hrs
Alloys: Introduction, Classification of alloys, commercially important alloys, gold karats,
Production of Ferro alloys; Ferrochrome, Ferro Manganese, Uses of alloys. 4 hrs

Reference Books

1) Physical Chemistry, Barrow. G.M, Tata McGraw‐Hill, (2007)

2) An introduction to Electrochemistry, Samuel Glasstone, East-West edition New Delhi,
(1942)
3) Text book of Physical chemistry, Samuel Glasstone, 2ndEdition, Mac Millan India Ltd,
(1991)
4) Principles and applications of Electrochemistry, D. R. Crow, 3rd edition, Chapmanhall
London, (1988)
5) Fundamentals of Electrochemical deposition, Milan Paunovic and Mordechay
Schlesinger, Wiley Interscience Publications, New York, (1998)
6) Engineering Chemistry, V R Kulkarni and K Ramakrishna Reddy, New Age
International, (2015)
7) Electrochemistry and Corrosion Science, Nestor Perez, Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd,
(2004)
8) Principles and Prevention of Corrosion, D. A. Jones, Macmillan Publ. Co, (1996)
9) Essential of Materials Science and Engineering, Donald R. Askeland, Thomson
Learning, 5th Edition, (2006)
10) Introduction to Engineering Materials, B. K. Agarwal, Tata McGraw Hill, 1st Edition
(1988)
11) Material Science and Engineering, V. Raghavan, PHI Learning, 5th Edition (2009)
12) Engineering Materials and Metallurgy, R. K. Rajput, S. Chand - 1st Edition, (2011)

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