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18 views

EEE309 Classtest 1 Solution

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shaurovxfer
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© © All Rights Reserved
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EEE 309 Student No.

:
Class Test 1 Total Marks: 20
Duration: 15 minutes. Date: 15th June, 2010.

Question 1: Consider the following signal: x(t ) = 10sin(50 × 103 t ) + 7 sin(24 × 103 t ) . The
signal is transmitted through one of the following channels. (7)

Channel A:
α vs. ω curve β vs. ω curve
20
120

100 15

80
10
β
α

60

40
5
20

0 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
ω krad/s ω krad/s

Channel B:
dβ
α (ω ) = 6 + (ω − 37 ×103 ) 2 = −5.2212
dω
Will the signal be distorted if:
(a) it is transmitted through channel A (b) it is transmitted through channel B.
(Answer Yes/No). Briefly explain your answer.

(a): Yes, there will be distortion. Although the β values are within linear region, α is
different for the 2 frequencies (50 krad/s and 24 krad/s).

(b): No, there will not be any distortion. As the derivative of β vs ω curve is constant, the
curve must be linear. The value of α is also same for both frequencies:

α (50 ×103 ) = 6 + (50 ×103 − 37 ×103 ) 2 ≈ 0.169 ×109


α (24 ×103 ) = 6 + (24 ×103 − 37 ×103 )2 ≈ 0.169 ×109
Question 2: Consider the signal x(t ) = 5sin(2π 1000t ) + 14sin(2π 1700t ) . The signal is
passed through the following system. (6)

BPF a

Sampler
x(t)
LPF b
Consider the Sampler and the filters to be ideal. The sampling frequency is 4 kHz. The
band pass filter (BPF) passes frequencies 4.5 kHz – 7.5 kHz. The low pass filter (LPF)
passes signals up to 4.5 kHz. What frequencies will be present at point a and at point b ?
Answer in the table given in the next page. Show calculations briefly.

The frequencies are: f1 = 1 kHz and f2 = 1.7 kHz. Sampling frequency, fS = 4 kHz. The
frequencies created due to sampling:

fS + f1 = 5 kHz fS + f2 = 5.7 kHz


fS – f1 = 3 kHz fS – f2 = 2.3 kHz
2fS + f1 = 9 kHz 2fS + f2 = 9.7 kHz
2fS – f1 = 7 kHz 2fS – f2 = 6.3 kHz
…………….. ………………..
And so on. The original frequencies will also be present. f1 = 1 kHz, f2 = 1.7 kHz.

Point a Point b

5 kHz, 5.7 kHz, 6.3 kHz, 1 kHz, 1.7 kHz, 2.3 kHz,
Frequencies
7 kHz. 3 kHz.

Question 3: Consider the following system. (7)

BPF Amp
a b c

At input point a: Signal power = 1 µW. White Gaussian Noise is mixed with the signal
at this point. The noise spectral density per Hz is given by N 0 = 3 × 10−10 W Hz .

White Noise Spectrum at point a Signal Spectrum at point a


N(f) X(f)

N0/2

f f (MHz)
0.997 1 1.003

Band pass filter Characteristics


HBPF(f)
1

f (MHz)
0.997 1 1.003
The Band pass Filter (BPF) is ideal with unity gain. Additional data of the signal and the
filter can be found from the frequency spectrum graphs shown above. The amplifier has a
constant gain, G = 100 (over the signal bandwidth). Amplifier noise (internal) referred to
the input side is 0.2 µW. Find:
i. Bandwidth of the signal and the BPF (express in kHz).
ii. SNR at point a, b and c. (express SNR in dB for point b and c)
iii. Total noise power at point b and c (express in µW).
iv. The noise figure of the amplifier (express in dB).

i. Bandwidth of signal = 1.003 – 0.997 = 0.006 MHz = 6 kHz


Bandwidth of BPF = 1.003 – 0.997 = 0.006 MHz = 6 kHz

ii. Signal power at a, (PS)a = 1µW.


Noise power at a, (PN)a = (N0/2) x white noise BW = (N0/2) x ∞ = ∞
So, (SNR)a = (PS)a / (PN)a = 0

Signal power at b, (PS)b = 1µW.


Noise power at b, (PN)b = (N0/2) x noise BW = (N0/2) x BPF BW
1
( PN )b = × 3 × 10−10 × 6 × 103 = 0.9 × 10−6 = 0.9µW
2
( PS ) a 1
So, ( SNR )b = = = 1.111 = 10 × log(1.111) = 0.4576 dB
( PN ) a 0.9

Here, Gain, G = 100, amp noise referred to input side, Nai = 0.2 µW.

Signal power at c,
( PS )c = G × ( PS )b = 100 × 1 = 100 µW
Noise power at c,
( PN )c = G × [ ( PN )b + N ai ] = 100 × [ 0.9 + 0.2] = 110µW

( PS )c 100
So, ( SNR )c = = = 0.9091 = 10 × log(0.9091) = −0.4139 dB
( PN )c 110

iii. Noise power at b and c: (from previous calculations)


( PN )b = 0.9µW
( PN )c = 110µW

iv. Noise figure of the amplifier:

N ai 0.2
F = 1+ = 1+ = 1.2222 = 10 × log(1.2222) = 0.8715 dB
( PN )b 0.9
= ( SNR)b − ( SNR)c

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