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Impact of Sustainability and innovation on Tesla market Growth

Prepared BY

1-Mohamed Mahmoud hassan

2-Dina Saad Eldin

3-Dalia Saad Eldin

4-Radwa Abo Elhagag

5-Ahmed Hussien Refaey

6-Nouran Ali Badr

Presented to:

DR. Tarek Ali

Abstract

The market penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) is still below expectations, despite EVs

being heavily marketed as an efficient solution to sustainable problems like resource

constraints and environmental pollution. This study presents a research model based on

the diffusion of innovation theory, which identifies a number of factors influencing the

adoption of EVs revenues. The model views EVs as innovative products that differ from

traditional fuel vehicles. The findings show that compatibility, complexity, and relative

advantage—three crucial innovation characteristics—can accurately forecast the growth

and revenues of electric vehicles. Additionally, the findings imply that elements related to

the social and economic spheres—such as age and the risk of reputational damage and

financial subsidies—as well as the status symbol and reputational risk have a substantial

impact on the 6 adoption of electric vehicles by affecting consumers' perceptions of the

innovations' qualities. In theory, this study adds to the body of literature by offering a

suitable theoretical framework for comprehending consumer adoption of electric vehicles

and pointing out a number of important preconditions for such behavior. The results 6 of
this study can be used practically to encourage EV market penetration.

Introduction

Tesla is a multinational American company that designs, produces, and markets entirely

electric automobiles and trucks as well as 14 energy generation and storage systems.

Self-driving capabilities, supercharger stations, and car service centers are extra services.

The business was started in 2003 by Jeffrey B. and has its 5 headquarters in Palo Alto,

California, in the United States. Tesla, led by Marc Tarpenning, Martin Eberhard, Elon

Reeve Musk, and Straubel, is regarded as the industry leader in the production of electric

vehicles. 12 It was the first company to identify the market need for a vehicle that was

more environmentally friendly than conventional gasoline-powered vehicles and to present

its solution. The company has an advantage over its rivals because it has integrated the

production of electrical energy using solar cells and other SolarCity products with its

vehicles. Tesla's vehicles are the outcome of persistent R&D spending combined with an

innovative mindset. The company's innovations have had such an impact that they have

altered the course taken by its rivals and the industry at large. Tesla has undoubtedly been

a leader 4 in the green economy movement, inspiring businesses in various sectors to

adopt a more sustainable and environmentally friendly strategy. Since Tesla was the first

automaker with an eye toward the future, the entire automotive industry was significantly

impacted by its introduction into the market. Tesla was confined.

Research phenomenon

Examining the antecedents of consumer acceptance of electric vehicles. The results of the

analysis confirm that innovation characteristics, i.e. h. Compatibility, complexity and

relative advantage can effectively predict consumer decisions regarding electric vehicle

adoption. In addition, factors in the economic aspect (monetary subsidy and risk of price

reduction) and social aspect (status symbol and reputational risk) exert significant impact

on the adoption of electric vehicles by influencing consumers' perception 1 of the

innovation characteristics. The current study first aims to test the

(1) Tesla sustainability relationships

(2) relationships between the innovation characteristics from the diffusion of innovation

theory and consumer acceptance of electric vehicles, and then seeks to examine the

specific factors that influence the perception of these innovation characteristics caused by

consumers. (Sustainability, 2022)

Suggested Reason

1- The resulting financial pressure has forced many regions to eliminate subsidies for the

purchase of electric vehicles.

2- The risk of price reduction affects the adoption of electric vehicles. The following

suggestions can be made to promote electric vehicle penetration. This must maintain

relatively stable market prices for electric vehicles. Although increasing prices is not a wise

decision, frequently reducing prices can have adverse consequences, such as a wait-and-

see attitude. If the price needs to be reduced due to technological advancement or

economies of scale, it is recommended to provide corresponding price insurance service

for consumers who purchased in the last year or six months. We believe these measures

can largely allay consumer concerns about the risk of price gouging.

3- The significant positive effect of smart features on EV adoption shows a new path to

facilitating EV market penetration. With the continuously increasing demand for high-quality

life, new technologies represented by artificial intelligence have recently found a wide

range of application scenarios in our daily life. Equipping with intelligent features is an

important advantage of EVs over FVs, bringing users a new driving experience and making

them feel more compatible and comfortable. Improving the sustainable performance of

electric vehicles deserves great attentionThe current study, has shown that fearing

sustainability risk is one of the key reasons people resist purchasing EVs.

4- The positive relationship between status symbols and EV adoption provides new ideas

for further EV market penetration. Inspired by previous research, we argue that electric

vehicle owners tend to feel like innovators and environmental experts.

5- More positive information about electric vehicles should be disseminated to reduce

public misunderstanding. Although reputation risk only has a significant impact on

perceived complexity, which is already a low barrier to EV adoption, we cannot guarantee

that there are no other possible mechanisms linking them together. Additionally, the

comparison between EVs and FVs tends to become more intense as EVs become more

widely available over time. (Sustainability ,2022)

Research Gap

“Tesla Motors Inc. employs the triple bottom line as a framework for

evaluating an organization's profitability, environmental impact, and human impact.

understands the significance of long-term sustainability in terms of creating a positive

impact via its CSR initiatives. Tesla Motors Inc. focuses the analysis in three dimensions:

people, planet, and profit.

People •

When we analyzed Tesla using the Triple Bottom Line strategy, the results show that Tesla

cares about the safety and satisfaction of its customers. Gains an understanding of 2 how

it is a key factor in the socio-environmental development of the sector. Its

low running costs, lack of oil or transmission fluid, and fewer brake repairs are among its

social advantages.

Planet: As was already mentioned, one of Tesla's environmental benefits is a reduction in

pollution. This is 2 because Tesla vehicles are primarily designed to be electric or hybrid

vehicles, which lessen reliance on fossil fuels like petroleum for transportation. There is

less of a need for coal-fired power plants thanks to its renewable energy sources. The

environment is not harmed by their batteries. Their recently installed Superchargers can

swiftly and efficiently recharge the vehicle in a manageable amount of time.

2 Profit

Founder and also CEO of Tesla Motor – Ellon Musk declared that Tesla is not focusing on

making profit and in fact, the profit of Tesla Motor for the last 5 years were always

negative, except 2020 (Tesla Inc, 2021). What make the company continues to move

forward and invest more such as the global sateline 5G network, is massive increase in

revenue. As the company continue to invest in massive projects such as the latest mega
battery factory in Texas, Tesla may continue to run with low level of net income It was

estimated that if someone invested in Tesla with Elon Musk in 2010, the stock value in

2021 will be worth $1.8 million which is 63% average annual return Certainly, investing in

Tesla is one of the most profitable investment option in the world for the last 10 year” (2)

Literature Review

“While this paper focuses on the environmental and sustainable aspects of corporate

reporting, specifically CO2 emission disclosures, it is also crucial to consider the following

conclusions. The need for sustainable transportation systems arose from the dynamic

increase in motorization and transportation demand. The greenhouse gas emissions from

the transportation sector are rising faster than those from other industries. Several metrics

and evaluations have been proposed for a better transportation system in terms of

performance, cost, and emission efficiency (Fan et al. 2018). Our current paradigm of

mobility is predicated on personal mobility, 1 car ownership, and the primary energy

source being fossil fuels. As mentioned earlier, these patterns of movement have reached

their limits and have made adverse external effects worse, especially in urban areas

(Nemoto et al. 2021). Energy is essential 6 to the development of society, and

environmental issues are the main indicator of this (Sari et al. 2021). These factors make it

especially crucial for some industrial sectors to focus on sustainability. As a significant

player 4 in the electric vehicle market, Tesla can be helpful in this situation.

1 Diffusion of Innovation Theory

Diffusion of innovation theory (DOI) has become one of the most widely used models for

studying the process of innovation adoption over the past 30 years. There are five phases

from the emergence of an innovation to its flourishing:

(1) the knowledge phase, i.e. h. the disclosure of the innovation,

(2) the persuasion phase in which favorable or unfavorable attitudes are established,

(3) the decision phase in which... A person carries out activities that lead to either deciding

to adopt the innovation or reject them.

(4) the implementation phase, which describes the use of the innovation; and

(5) the confirmation phase in which the innovation is reinforced. Specifically for the

persuasion and decision phases, Labay and Kinnear suggest that innovation

characteristics are an important construct that determines an individual's technology

acceptance. In this context, Rogers identified five important characteristics of innovation:

(1) Compatibility, defined as “the degree to which an innovation is perceived as consistent

with the existing values, previous experiences and needs of potential users” (2)

Complexity, defined as “the Degree to which an innovation is perceived as relatively

difficult to understand and use” (3) relative advantage, defined as “the degree to which an

innovation is perceived as better than the idea it replaces”; (4) Observability, defined as

“the degree to which the results of an innovation are visible to others.”

Research Variables

Dependent Variable (DV) = EVS Revenue Growth

Independent Variable (IV) = compatibility, complexity, relative advantage

Intervening / mediating (IIV) =Intelligent function, Risk of sustainability, Status symbol, Risk

of reputation

Mediating variable (MV) = Monetary subsidy, Risk of price

Control Variable (CV) = Age.

Research Hypothesis

This study created 1 a research model to look into the variables influencing consumers'

adoption of EVs, as seen in the Framework. Based on the DOI theory, we first suggest that

three key innovation features influence a consumer's decision to purchase an electric

vehicle (EV). Of these, perceived relative advantage and compatibility have a positive

impact, while perceived complexity has a negative impact (H1–H3). Next, we suggest that

social and economic factors—such as status symbol and reputational risk—will have 4 a

major impact on EV adoption by influencing consumers' perceptions of the innovations'

qualities (H4–H7). These factors include financial subsidies and the possibility of price

reductions. In the following, the theories shown 1 in Figure 3 will be expanded upon.
The Effects of Perceived Innovation Characteristics on the Adoption of EVs

The degree to which an innovation is viewed as consistent with consumers' preexisting

values, beliefs, habits, and experiences is known as compatibility. Prior research has

indicated that people are more likely to adopt technologies that they are compatible with.

Perceived compatibility, as it relates to this study, can be defined as how well EVs meet

individual needs. The task-technology fit theory states that when tasks and technologies

are a good fit.

people feel at ease and are more likely to use the technology. When tasks and

technologies are not a good fit, however, people become stressed out and reject the

technology. Given this, it makes sense to assume that consumers who think EVs can fulfill

their daily requirements and complement their lifestyles will be more likely to adopt an EV;

if not, they will probably go with traditional FVs. In light of the conversation above, 1 we

propose the following theory.

According to Rogers, complexity measures how hard it is for a product to comprehend,

learn, and use; it also reflects how easy users find an innovation to use overall. According

to the technology acceptance model, people's preference for simple technologies over

complex ones stems from their limited time and energy, making ease of use one of the

main factors influencing their intentions to adopt new technology. In this way, individuals

will view using EVs as challenging and develop a negative attitude toward them if they

experience excessive worry and anxiety. On the other hand, EV adopters are more likely to

be those who think the product is simple to use. Beyond this, a great deal of prior research

has consistently demonstrated that one of the main obstacles to the spread of new

technologies is their high level of complexity. Consequently, 1 the degree to which an

innovation outperforms conventional technology in terms of benefits is known as its relative

advantage. A large body of research has established relative advantage as a reliable

indicator of innovation adoption when it comes to a thorough evaluation of the gains and

losses. The consumer value comparison between EVs and FVs is measured in this study.
This comparison only looks at which one is superior, even though each of them might have

disadvantages. For instance, EVs' unique benefits, such as their lower pricing, 1 lower

operating costs, higher energy efficiency, fewer polluting emissions, and relatively loose

lice, can balance out their range limitations.

The Antecedents of Perceived Innovation Characteristics

Economic Aspect

is a crucial step in encouraging the global distribution of EVs. For instance, official data

demonstrates that annual sales of EVs in the Chinese market increased following the

proposal of the subsidy policy in 2013, but that the growth rate slowed down starting in

2018 as a result of the government's 2017 adjustment to the subsidy policies. While it is

evident that financial subsidies have a positive impact on consumers' intentions to buy

electric vehicles, further research is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms.

In this work, we suggest that the way in which innovation characteristics are perceived

could serve as a connecting factor. First of all, according to the theory of conservation of

resources, people naturally prefer to save resources like food, water, and money. Monetary

subsidies save people money and cut down on transportation costs, which is very

consistent 1 with their awareness of the need to conserve resources. As a result, we think

that financial subsidies can improve the compatibility perception of consumers. Second,

financial subsidies contribute to lessening the obstacles associated with EV adoption. One

way to make using EVs more convenient is to install charging stations around the house

with the money you save. However, monetary subsidies are given 1 by the government,

whose legitimacy can greatly allay user concerns because the government will be eager to

assist them in overcoming the challenges associated with using EVs. Lastly, the

government provides EV owners with discounts, which are currently unavailable.

Particularly in this age of fast technological advancement, the cost of production for EVs is

unpredictable, and their pricing varies more than that of FVs. For instance, over the

previous two years, Tesla, the largest EV manufacturer in the world, has reduced its selling

prices multiple times in China. Consequently, some people openly refer to Tesla owners as
"leeks.". This phenomenon, while purely humorous, illustrates the possibility 1 of price

reduction that buyers of electric vehicles may encounter. Price reduction specifically means

that consumers' preference for value preservation and appreciation will not be satisfied

because the value of the goods they purchase now will be less valuable later on. People

become uneasy when 5 there is a chance of a price reduction, which lowers their

compatibility score. Meanwhile, consumers must carefully consider their options before

making an EV purchase to prevent further potential price reductions. Previous research

has also shown that consumers' negative feelings, like regret and remorse, can be readily

triggered by price uncertainty. Therefore, there is a chance that price reductions will make

the adoption of EVs more difficult. Ultimately, it is widely acknowledged that consumers

benefit from stable prices because they typically 1 do not want to see the price of their

purchases decrease over time. This makes it difficult to argue that EVs with a high chance

of price reduction are superior to FVs. Considering the conversation above.

Social Aspect

The ideas that associate EVs with one's perceived social standing—which is determined by

one's sense of superiority—are referred to as status symbols. Previous research has

demonstrated that status symbols play a significant role in driving 1 consumer purchasing

intentions and behaviors. For instance, a survey conducted by Pojani et al. revealed that

the majority of teenagers in Tirana plan to buy cars because they are seen as a necessary

and powerful status symbol, even those who don't particularly enjoy driving or owning cars.

The CEOs of Li and NiO have also made a point of highlighting the high-end positioning of

their EVs in China, which can certainly create a noble status symbol. In the context of this

study, driving an EV establishes an image of an environmental protection practitioner

because these symbols are part of an individual's social capital and increase the

perception of compatibility. Additionally, because EVs are relatively new compared to FVs,

EV owners themselves tend to feel like innovators. Regarding 8 perceived complexity, the

theory of limited attention leads us to assume that the benefits will offset the draw of

negative outcomes for consumers and make up for the complexity of electric vehicles.
Lastly, the status symbol definitely boosts 1 the relative advantage of EVs as a unique

form of perceived value, whereas traditional FVs are too common to qualify as a status

symbol. We propose the in light of the discussion above.

Even though EVs can be a desirable status symbol, they may also experience unfavorable

social consequences, which this study defined as the reputation risk. People who drive

electric vehicles (EVs) may face social exclusion as EV drivers are perceived by some as

outdated, given that fuel-efficient vehicles (FVs) continue to dominate the market [87].

Meanwhile, discrimination against EV owners may result from the inherent drawbacks of

EVs, such as their short battery life and difficult charging. Additionally, because financial

subsidies are exclusive to EVs and electricity is far less expensive than gasoline, there

might be a cognitive bias in society that EV owners are impoverished and that their goal is

to save transportation expenses. Owners' opinions of their own compatibility with EVs and

the other relative advantages EVs have over FVs are weakened as a result of these

incorrect perceptions of EVs having a negative social reputation. Moreover, the theory of

planned behavior suggests that human behavior, including the adoption of EVs [28], is

largely determined by subjective norms [88]. In this regard, EV owners will surely face

more social pressures due to the reputation risk, which defies social norms and raises the

perceived complexity level. (Sustainability ,2022)

Conceptual Framework

Research Hypothesis

Hypothesis 1 (H1). The higher the compatibility the higher the consumer revenue of Evs .

Hypothesis 2 (H2). The higher the complexity is the lower consumer revenue of Evs .

Hypothesis 3 (H3). The higher the relative advantage the higher consumer revenue of Evs.

Hypothesis 4a (H4a). The higher the Monetary subsidy the higher compatibility.

Hypothesis 4b (H4b). The higher Monetary subsidy the lower the complexity.

Hypothesis 4c (H4c). The higher the Monetary subsidy the higher the relative advantage.

Hypothesis 5a (H5a). The higher 1 the Risk of price reduction the lower the compatibility.
Hypothesis 5b (H5b). The higher the Risk of price reduction the higher the complexity.

Hypothesis 5c (H5c). The higher the Risk of price reduction the lower relative advantage.

Hypothesis 6a (H6a). The higher the Status symbol the higher the compatibility.

Hypothesis 6b (H6b). The higher the Status symbol the lower the complexity.

Hypothesis 6c (H6c). The higher the Status symbol the higher the relative advantage.

Hypothesis 7a (H7a). The higher Risk of reputation the lower the compatibility.

Hypothesis 7b (H7b). The higher Risk of reputation the higher the complexity.

Hypothesis 7c (H7c). The higher Risk of reputation the lower the relative advantage.

Research Question

How mature are automotive organizations in putting their sustainability initiatives into

practice?

How 3 can the automotive industry make sure that major sustainability drivers like

supporting a circular economy and using electric vehicles live up to their promises?

What can automotive organizations learn from leading players who are at the forefront of

sustainability?

What are the actions taken by 16 original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and their

suppliers to ensure that the entire automotive value chain is sustainable, from ethical metal

mining to sustainable waste disposal?

Data collection and analysis

“3.1 Source of data:

• We followed secondary data collection.

• Secondary data source used from Tesla website and the reports published on the internet

to collect data quantitatively via graphs and statistics.

3.2 Data collection Approach:

• We used quantitative approaches through statistics of Tesla sales to know the

consumer’s adoption of EV’s generally and Tesla usage specifically and to measure the
sustainability awareness through people.

3.3 Data collection method techniques, tools

Method:

• We used surveys to collect the quantitative data and observation methods to collect data

needed to study our phenomena.

Technique:

• Questionnaires were used to survey consumers satisfaction with Tesla’s EV batteries,

quality, Innovation adoption and sustainability awareness, and Questionnaires with direct

observation used for the quantitative data collection.

Tools:

• Online: Mail survey

• Offline: Telephone survey

3.4 Data Analysis methods and techniques:

 For statistical analysis, (SAS ) program is used to give us a descriptive data about

customer satisfaction , adoption of tesla batteries and their sustainability awareness .

 For Descriptive statistical analysis, As Questionnaires are used, the mean is measured

to know the number of customers are adapted to tesla EV’s.” (3)

Population and sampling

4.1 Research Limitation (inclusion Vs Exclusion)

Both decisions have potential impacts on your findings and conclusions.

Inclusion of Tesla Sustainable Technology

Advantages:

? Case Study: Tesla can serve as a prominent case study due to its high visibility and

significant contributions to the 5 electric vehicle and clean energy sectors.

? Innovation Benchmark: Tesla often pushes technological boundaries, providing valuable

insights into potential future developments and industry trends.

? Consumer Impact: Tesla's influence on consumer behavior and market dynamics can be

a relevant area of study.

Challenges:

? Data Availability: As mentioned earlier, obtaining comprehensive and reliable data on

Tesla's operations can be difficult due to proprietary information.

? Generalizability: While Tesla is a significant player, 15 its unique business model and

technology focus might limit the generalizability of findings to other companies.

? Focus: Including Tesla might divert attention from other important aspects of sustainable

technology, depending

on your research question.

Exclusion of Tesla Sustainable Technology

Advantages:

? Focus: Excluding Tesla can allow for a deeper dive into other companies or sectors

within the sustainable technology field.

? Data Consistency: If data availability is a major concern, excluding Tesla might ensure a

more consistent dataset.

? Avoiding Bias: Excluding Tesla can help mitigate potential biases associated with the

company's high profile.

Challenges:

? Missing a Key Player: Excluding Tesla might overlook a significant contributor to the field

of sustainable technology.

? Limited Perspective: Without Tesla, your research might lack a comprehensive view of

the industry's landscape.

? Public Perception: Excluding Tesla might raise questions about the study's relevance

and comprehensiveness.

4.2 population Level unit and level of analysis

Population Level Unit

The population level unit 7 in the context of Tesla sustainable technology research refers

to the specific group of individuals or entities that the research aims to study. This could

include:

? Tesla customers: This group could be further segmented based on demographics,

geographic location, vehicle model, or charging behavior.

? General population: This broader unit includes individuals who may not own a Tesla but

are affected by the company's actions, such as residents living near Tesla factories or

charging stations.

? Tesla employees: Studying the

population of Tesla employees can provide insights into the company's internal

sustainability practices and culture.

? Tesla stakeholders: This includes investors, suppliers, government officials, and other

parties interested in the company's sustainability performance.

Level of Analysis

The level of analysis determines the focus of the research, whether it's on individuals,

groups, organizations, or systems. 7 In the context of Tesla sustainable technology, the

following levels of analysis can be considered:

? Individual level: Focusing on the

behavior, attitudes, and perceptions of individual Tesla customers or employees.

? Group level: Analyzing the dynamics and interactions within specific groups, such as

Tesla owners' communities or charging station users.

? Organizational level: Examining Tesla's internal operations, decision-making, marketing

processes, and sustainability strategies.

? System level: 1 Assessing the impact of Tesla's technology on broader systems, such

as the electric grid, transportation infrastructure, or the environment.

Population Limitation Function

A population limitation function 7 in the context of Tesla sustainable technology research

could refer to several aspects:

? Geographic Limitations:

? Market Penetration: The function could model the saturation point of electric vehicles in

a specific geographic region, considering factors like population density, infrastructure, and

charging availability.

? Resource Availability: It could represent the constraints on raw material supply for

battery production in different regions.

? Regulatory Environment: The function could incorporate the impact of government

policies and 17 incentives on electric vehicle adoption rates.

? Technological Limitations:

? Battery Capacity: The function could model the maximum energy storage capacity

achievable within a given battery technology.

? Charging Infrastructure: It could represent the limitations of charging network expansion

and capacity.

? Manufacturing Capacity: The function could model the production constraints of electric

vehicles and battery components.

? Economic Limitations:

? Consumer Affordability: The function could represent the impact of income levels and

purchasing power on electric vehicle demand.

? Investment Constraints: It could model the availability of capital for research and

development, manufacturing, and infrastructure development.

Geography and Time

Geographic and time factors are crucial in understanding the dynamics of Tesla's

sustainable technology.

? Geographic Factors:

? Regional Differences: Different regions have varying levels of electrification,

infrastructure development, and consumer preferences.

? Resource Availability: The distribution of critical minerals for battery production is uneven
across the globe.

? Climate Conditions: Weather patterns affect battery performance and energy

consumption.

? Time Factors:

? Technology Evolution: Battery technology, charging infrastructure, and vehicle design

are constantly evolving.

? Market Trends: Consumer preferences and buying behavior change over time.

? Policy Changes: Government regulations and incentives can impact 4 the electric

vehicle market significantly.

4.3 Complete Census Vs sampling

A complete census 7 in the context of Tesla sustainable technology would involve

collecting data from every single individual, vehicle, or component related to the research

question. For instance:

? All Tesla vehicles produced: Collecting data on every vehicle's battery performance,

energy consumption, and material composition.

? Every Tesla customer: Gathering information on driving habits, charging behavior, and

satisfaction levels.

? All Tesla employees: Collecting data on employee attitudes towards sustainability,

involvement in green initiatives, and knowledge of

sustainable practices.

Challenges of a Complete Census:

? Time-consuming and costly: Collecting data from every single unit is often impractical

due to time and resource constraints.

? Data management: Handling and analyzing vast amounts of data can be complex and

requires significant computational resources.

? Population dynamics: In industries like automotive, there's constant change in models,

features, and customer base, making it difficult to maintain a complete and up-to-date
census.

? Time-consuming: Given Tesla's scale, a complete census would be extremely time-

intensive.

Sampling

Sampling involves selecting a 9 subset of the population to represent the entire group.

This approach is more feasible and efficient for most research projects.

? Random sampling: Selecting individuals or vehicles randomly from the population.

? Stratified sampling: Dividing the population into subgroups (e.g., by geographic location,

vehicle model, or customer demographics) and then randomly selecting from each group.

? Cluster sampling: 10 Dividing the population into clusters (e.g.,

dealerships, charging stations) and randomly selecting clusters to sample from.

? Convenience sampling: Selecting individuals or data points that are easily accessible.

? Quota Sampling: Selecting a predetermined number of individuals from specific groups.

Importance of Sampling:

? Cost-effective: Sampling reduces the time and resources required for data collection.

? Feasible: It is often 11 impractical to collect data from an entire population.

? Representative: With proper sampling techniques, a sample can accurately reflect the

characteristics of the population.

Key Considerations for Sampling

? Sample size: Determining the appropriate sample size is crucial for ensuring the results

are statistically significant.

? Sampling method: Choosing the right sampling method 13 depends on the research

objectives and the target population.

? Data quality: Ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the collected data is essential for

drawing valid conclusions.

? Data collection methods: Surveys, interviews, observations, or a combination of methods

can be used.

By carefully considering the 6 advantages and limitations of both complete census and
sampling, researchers can select the most appropriate approach for their Tesla sustainable

technology research.

4.4 Sample size and type

# Values Users

# Life style

#Interstets

# Personality trials

Total #

Population

sample

Population

Sample

Population

Sample

Population

Sample

Population

Sample

Response rate

523

5.23

1469.63
6,024

60.24

16927.44

1,272

12.72

3574.32

2,181

21.81

6128.61

10,000

281

95%

References

[1] Sustainability 2022, 14(10), 6283; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106283

[2] https://www.studocu.com/vn/document/royal-melbourne-institute-of-technology-

university-vietnam/managing-performance-in-organization/tesla-triple-bottom-lines-csr-

analysis-40-group/24035109?sid=01722449707&shared=n

[3] https://wirawanrizkika.wordpress.com/2016/09/12/big-data-data-analysis-tesla-study-

case/

[4] https://www.tesla.com/impact
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