PARTS

OF
SPEECH
 PART FUNCTION OR "JOB"
OF SPEECH

Noun Word that is the name of something (such

as a person, animal, place, thing, quality,
idea, or action) and is typically used in a
sentence as subject or object of a verb or
as object of a preposition.

Pronoun A pronoun is a word that is used instead of

a noun or noun phrase.

Verb Action or state

Adverb A word that describes a verb, an adjective,

another adverb, or a sentence and that is
often used to show time, manner, place, or
degree

Adjective An adjective is a part of speech which

describes, identifies, or quantifies a noun
or a pronoun. So basically, the main
function of an adjective is to modify a noun
or a pronoun so that it will become more
specific and interesting.

Determiner In grammar, a determiner is a word which

is used at the beginning of a noun group to
indicate, for example, which thing you are
referring to or whether you are referring
to one thing or several. Common English
determiners are 'a', 'the', 'some', 'this', and
'each'.

Preposition A preposition is a word or group of words

used before a noun, pronoun, or noun
phrase to show direction, time, place,
location, spatial relationships, or to
introduce an object.
 PART FUNCTION OR "JOB"
OF SPEECH

Conjunction Joins clauses or sentences or words

Interjection Short exclamation, sometimes inserted

into a sentence

NOUNS

Examples of Noun

- Naming People
It could be a name of any person, for example: John, Fatima,
Singh, Michael, Tom and so on.

- Naming Places
It could be a name of any place, for example: America, China,
Church, Taj Mahal, Paris and so on.

- Naming Things
Naming things are like Car, Hat, Bottle, Table, Chair, Ball and
so on.

- Naming Animals
Dog, Rabbit, Elephant, Chicken, Horse.

- Naming Feeling/Qualities/Ideas
Joy, Fear, Beauty, Strength, Anger.

Types of Nouns
 1. Proper Noun 6. Compound Noun
2. Common Noun 7. Countable Noun
3. Collective Noun 8. Uncountable Noun
4. Possessive Noun 9. Masculine Noun
5. Number Noun 10. Feminine Noun

PROPER NOUN

Names of people or places such as your name, your friend’s name,

your parents’ name or the name of your town and country are
special naming words. These words are called proper nouns.
Special naming words or proper nouns always begin with a capital
letter.

Examples.

- Her name is Sofie.

- Hello Jack! Will you play with me?
- My cousin lives in Norway.
- These bears are from China.
- Albert Einstein was born in Germany.

COMMON NOUN

Common nouns are naming words that are common to people,

places, things and animals etc. Common nouns do not define any
particular person, place or thing. They are general names. So, they
are not capitalized unless they begin a sentence.
 For example, boy, girl, doctor, town, city, dog, car and so on….

- Teachers teach in school.

- Birds live on trees.
- I love to read storybooks.
- Sally’s mother is a doctor.

COLLECTIVE NOUN

Collective nouns are used to name a group of persons, places,

animals or things. A collective noun represents a complete whole.

For examples: a library of books, a team of players and a family of

four.

- A flock of sheep.
- A herd of cattle.
- A stud of horses.

Example Sentences of Collective Noun

- My maternal aunt bought me a pair of tennis shoes.

- At the playground, you get to observe a colony of ants.
- A pile of clothes was kept on the bed.
- I need to finish an agenda of tasks before I leave.

POSSESSIVE NOUN

A possessive noun is a word that named who or what has or owns

something. We add an apostrophe and s (‘s) to form the possessive
of most singular nouns.
 Example Sentences of Possessive Noun

- This is Bob’s skateboard. (Means – The skateboard belongs to

Bob)
- This is Ian’s Coat. (Means – The coat belongs to Ian)

Sometimes we need to show possession for plural nouns or

where the owners are
more than one. In such cases we add an apostrophe at the end.

- A girls’ school is located near my house.

- We should not harm the birds’ nests.

NUMBER NOUN

Number nouns denote one or many. There are two kinds of number
nouns:

- Singular number noun – It stands for one person, animal,

thing or place.
- Plural number noun – It stands for more than one person,
animal, thing or place.

For example: One toy, three balls, two dogs, five cars, nine
planets and so on. Generally, by adding a ‘s’ at the end, we can
change a singular noun to a plural noun. There are different rules
we follow to change a singular noun to a plural noun.

Rule 1
When a singular noun ends with a ‘y’ after a consonant, we remove
the ‘y’ and add ‘ies’.
For example:

- City – Cities
- Lady – Ladies
- Story – Stories
- Consonants are all other letters except vowels (a, e, i, o, u).

Rule 2

If there is vowel before ‘y’ just add s to form its plural.

For example:

- Boy – Boys
- Day – Days
- Trolley – Trolleys
- Toy – Toys

Rule 3

When a singular noun ends with ‘o’ after a vowel, add ‘s’ to make it
a plural noun.
For example:

- Bamboo – Bamboos
- Radio – Radios
- Video – Videos

Rule 4

When a singular noun ends with ‘o’ after a consonant, we add ‘es’
to make it a plural noun.
For example:

- Tomato – Tomatoes
- Volcano – Volcanoes
- Hero – Heroes

It is also possible that for few nouns ending with ‘o’ preceded by a
consonant, we add the letter ‘s’ to form their plurals.
For example:

- Piano – Pianos
- Photo – Photos

Rule 5

If a singular noun ends with a sound like ‘s’ such as ‘ss’, ‘sh’, ‘ch’,
‘x’, ‘z’, ‘tch’, we add ‘es’ to make it plural.
For example:

- Box – Boxes
- Watch – Watches
- Dress – Dresses
- Quiz – Quizzes

Rule 6

If a singular noun ends with ‘f’ or ‘fe’, change the ‘f’ into ‘v’ and add
‘es’ to make it plural.
For example:

- Life – Lives
- Calf – Calves
- Loaf – Loaves
- Knife – Knives

Irregular Plural - Plurals of some nouns remains the same.

For example:
 - Fish – Fish
- Deer – Deer
- Cattle – Cattle
- Sheep – Sheep
- Bison – Bison

Plural of some nouns are totally different from their singular form.
For example:

- Mouse – Mice
- Ox – Oxen
- Cactus – Cacti
- Child – Children
- Man – Men

Some nouns are always plural like pants, jeans, shorts, tongs,
scissors, hair and sunglasses.

COMPOUND NOUN

Compound nouns are formed by joining two nouns together. There

are three different ways to form compound nouns:

- The Closed form – like notebook, firefly and keyboard.

- The Hyphenated form – like x-ray, co-pilot and mother-in-
law.
- The Open form – like post office, history book, mineral
water.

Example Sentences of Compound Noun

- It was going to be lunchtime.

- The basketball match was scheduled in the afternoon.
- Just after the breakfast, Matt rushed to his tracksuit.
- X-rays were discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen.
COUNTABLE NOUN

Nouns that can be counted are called countable nouns. Most of the
nouns come in the category of countable nouns rather than
uncountable nouns because they refer to things, people or animals
that can be counted.

Example Sentences of Countable Noun

- I saw two owls sitting on the tree.

- There are four milk bottles in the fridge.
- I need an umbrella to get out in the rain.
- To make this cake we need an egg.

Note: We use ‘the’ for some singular nouns which are unique (one
of their kind). For example: The Earth, The Sun, The Moon etc.

UNCOUNTABLE NOUN / MASS NOUN

Nouns that cannot be counted are called uncountable nouns

We cannot count certain things in numbers such as milk, rain,

sugar, water, jam. We have to use words like – a glass of milk, a
jar of sugar, a jug of water or a bottle of jam. We can use terms
like – a little, plenty or a bowl of with uncountable nouns.
Though these nouns can be measured, they cannot be counted.
Such nouns do not have a singular or plural form.

The Noun: Gender

- Masculine Nouns represent males: Boys, men and male

animals. For example: Prince, man, king, boy, cock, lion etc.
 - Feminine Nouns represent females: Girls, women and
female animals. For example: Princess, woman, queen, girl,
hen, lioness, etc.

But there are some nouns that represent both males and females.
For example: Children, artists, principals, teachers, singers,
lawyers, etc.

PRONOUNS

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

Personal pronouns refer to a specific person or thing. Their form

changes to indicate a person, number, gender, or case.

Subjective Personal pronouns are pronouns that act as the

subject of a sentence. Like –I, you, she, he, it, you, and they. For
example:

I walked directly to the party.

You showed up late; she was annoyed.
He thought you had forgotten; we know you were just behind.

Objective Personal pronouns are pronouns that act as the object

of a sentence. Like –me, you, her, him, it, us, you, and them. For
example:

The police officer told my brother and me to slow down."

He pointed to the pedestrians and said to be careful of them."
The police officer said there are a lot of speedy motorists
like us."
Possessive Personal pronouns are pronouns that show possession.
They define a person (or a number of people) who owns a particular
object. Like –mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, and theirs. For
example:

Is this book yours or his?

All the books are mine.
Nobody's house has as many books as theirs, not even ours.

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

Demonstrative pronouns point to and identify a noun or a

pronoun. This and these refer to things that are nearby in space
or time, while that and those refer to things that are farther away
in space or further away in time. For example:

- This is the dress I will wear; that is the one I wore yesterday.
- That is not true.
- Please pay for those.
-

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS

Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. The interrogative

pronouns are who, whom, which, and what. Remember that who
and whom are used to refer to people, while which is used to refer
to things and animals. Who acts as the subject, while whom acts as
the object, For example:
 - Which is the best restaurant?
- What did he tell you?"
- Whom should we invite?

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

Relative pronouns are used to link one phrase or clause to another

phrase or clause. The relative pronouns are who, whom, that,
and which. The compounds whoever, whomever, and whichever
are also commonly used relative pronouns. For example:

- Whoever added the bill made a mistake.

- The bill, which included all our meals, was larger than
expected.
- The waiter who served us doesn't know how to add.

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

Indefinite pronouns refer to an identifiable, but not specified,

person or thing. An indefinite pronoun conveys the idea of all, any,
none, or some. Common indefinite
pronouns: all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, each,
everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, nobody, none, on
e, several, some, somebody, and someone. For example:

- Everybody got lost on the way there.

- Somebody forgot to bring the map.
- No wonder so few showed up.
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of the clause or

sentence. The reflexive pronouns used in writing English
are myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves,
yourselves, and themselves. For example:

- She baked a cake for herself.

- We decided to eat it ourselves.
- We heard her say, ‘They should be ashamed of themselves.’

INTENSIVE PRONOUNS

Intensive pronouns are used to emphasize their antecedent.

Intensive pronouns are identical in form to reflexive
pronouns. For example:

- I myself find pronouns fascinating.

- They themselves think everyone should know about
pronouns.
- You yourself should tell everyone how great pronouns are.

VERBS

ACTION VERBS

Action verbs, as their name says, are used to refer to actions. These
can refer to physical actions that are performed with bodies or
objects, such as jump, hit, or sing, or mental actions that we use
our brains to perform, such as think, consider, or memorize. Most
verbs you will find are action verbs.
 - run
- swim
- help

See that each verb is referring to a physical or mental action.

- I work at a factory.
- Cats chase mice.
- We listened to the woman’s amazing story.

STATIVE VERBS

Unlike action verbs, stative verbs refer to conditions or states of

being. Generally speaking, we use stative verbs to describe
things like qualities, states of existence, opinions, beliefs,
and emotions. When used in a sentence, stative verbs do not
refer to actions. It is important to know that some verbs can be
used as either action or stative verbs depending on their meaning
in the sentence. We are less likely to use stative verbs in the
continuous verb tenses.

- love
- want
- own
- resemble

No Actions:

- The mansion has five bathrooms.

- Allie loves her younger sisters.
- My car needs an oil change.

TRANSITIVE VERBS

A transitive verb is a verb that is accompanied by a direct

object in a sentence. The direct object is the noun, pronoun,
or noun phrase that is having something done to it by the
subject of the sentence. Both action and stative verbs can have
direct objects, which means they can both be used as transitive
verbs.

As you read each one, consider what the direct object of the
sentence is.

- Leonardo ate a delicious pepperoni pizza.

- The wealthy man bought three paintings.
- She really hates broccoli.

INTRANSITIVE VERBS

The opposite of a transitive verb is an intransitive verb. A verb is an

intransitive verb if it is not used with a direct object.
Remember, only nouns, pronouns, and noun phrases can be direct
objects. Prepositional phrases, adjectives, and adverbs cannot
be used as direct objects. Once again, both action and stative
verbs can be used as intransitive verbs.

Look carefully and you will see that none of these sentences have
direct objects.

- Airplanes fly.
- The children slept while the adults worked.
- The terrified monkeys hid in the trees after they saw the
gigantic hungry snake.

LINKING VERBS

Linking verbs are a special type of stative verb whose name gives a
big clue as to what they do. Linking verbs are used to link a
subject with a subject complement. A subject complement
describes or identifies the subject of the sentence or clause. Linking
verbs can function as intransitive verbs, which do not take direct
objects.

- become
- seem
- appear
- grow

In each of the following sentences, linking verbs are used to link a

subject with a subject complement.

- Mike is a great dancer.

- That gold watch looks expensive.
- Suddenly, the mall got really crowded.

HELPING VERBS / AUXILIARY VERBS

Helping verbs, also called auxiliary verbs, are helpful verbs that
work with other verbs to change the meaning of a sentence. A
helping verb combines with a main verb in order to
accomplish different goals. These include changing the tense of
the verb or altering the mood of a sentence.

- have
- do
- can

Each of the following sentences uses a helping verb. Take a

moment to consider what each sentence is saying and how a
helping verb contributes to the meaning of the sentence.

- The musician has performed in concerts all over the world.

- My cat is getting slow in her old age.
- Cheetahs can run incredibly fast.
MODAL VERBS

Modal verbs are a subgroup of helping verbs that are used to give a
sentence a specific mood. Each modal verb is used differently, and
they can express concepts such as ability, necessity,
possibility, or permission.

- can
- may
- must
- would

The following sentences all use modal verbs to express a certain

tone. You’ll see that each sentence would have a different meaning
(or wouldn’t make sense) without the modal verb.

- Once you finish your homework, you may play outside.

- We must carefully add two eggs to the mixing bowl.
- I would go to the movies if I wasn’t busy working.
- Learn about one certain mood that confuses many: the
subjunctive mood.

REGULAR VERBS

A verb is considered a regular verb if its past tense form and

past participle ends in -ed, -d, or the verb is a -t variant verb.
For example, the verb look is a regular verb because both its past
tense form and past participle is looked. Sometimes, regular verbs
may slightly change spelling. For example, the past tense and past
participle of cry is cried.

- jump becomes jumped

- slip becomes slipped
- try becomes tried
- sleep becomes slept
- lend becomes lent

Each of the following sentences use regular verbs in either their

past tense form or as a past participle.

- He walked two miles to the post office.

- We purchased all of the supplies that we needed for the
camping trip.
- Tiffany had noticed something strange about Marcus’s story.

IRREGULAR VERBS

An irregular verb is a verb whose past tense and past participle

form doesn’t end in -ed, -d, and doesn’t use the –t variant.
Often, the spelling of these verbs changes dramatically or may not
even change at all.

- be becomes am, is, are, was, were, be, being, and been
- eat becomes ate, eaten
- fly becomes flew, flown
- catch becomes caught, caught
- set becomes set, set

The following sentences use irregular verbs. Despite being used in

the past tense or as a past participle, none of these verbs end in -
ed, -d, or are a -t variant verb.

- Cindy knew all of the right answers.

 - This junky computer has given me nothing but headaches
since I bought it.
- The workers took the furniture out of the moving truck.

PHRASAL VERBS

Phrasal verbs are combinations of a verb with prepositions and/or

adverbs that have a different meaning from the individual
words used to form them. For example, the verb shut means “to
close,” and the adverb down means “not up” or “in a descending
direction.” However, the phrasal verb shut down means to stop the
operation of something.

- ask for
- put up with
- talk down to
- lock up
- cut across

The following sentences show how we can use phrasal verbs.

Sometimes, we can separate out the words of a phrasal verb and
the sentence is still grammatically correct.

- The frustrated business owner closed down his store.

- Dave loves to show off his baseball trophies.

- My mother always told me it is a good idea to put some

money away in case of emergencies.

INFINITIVES
Our last type of verb isn’t actually a verb at all—However,
infinitives look a lot like verbs because they are derived from them.
An infinitive of a verb is identical to the base form of the
verb. For example, the infinitive form of the verb open is open.
Typically, we use infinitives with the word to in order to form
infinitive phrases. Infinitive phrases can be used for a variety of
reasons, such as to act like nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.

All of the following sentences use infinitive phrases. In order, the

infinitive phrases are acting as a noun (nominal infinitive), an
adjective (adjectival infinitive), and an adverb
(adverbial infinitive).

- To play guitar in a rock band is my goal.

- If you are looking for the best restaurants in town, Luis is the
person to ask.
- The writing in the letter was too small to see.

ADVERB

ADVERBS OF MANNER
These modifiers explain how something is done.
Examples:
 - Carefully
- Slowly
- He opened the box quickly. He smacked her rigorously.
We find adverbs of manner most often at the end of a clause as
follows:
- After a verb: You spoke persuasively.
- After an object: You described everything persuasively.
- After an adverbial: You describe everything to the
board persuasively.

You can change the position of the adverb for stylistic reasons that
add emphasis
- Before the subject: Slowly, she arose from the bed and
began her day
- Before a verb: She slowly and carefully, took the
fragile glass object from
the shelf and put it on the table.
Between an object and an adverbial:
- She put the glass bowl carefully into the cupboard.

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
These adverbs tell us how frequently we do things or how often
things are done.
Examples:
- Always
- Usually
- Never
- She never cleans the house.
- They don't always participate in discussions.

Two auxiliary verbs: Place an adverb of frequency in between two

auxiliary verbs.
- They would often visit us when we were growing up.
- They were always the strongest students in the class.
For emphasis, adverbs such as sometimes, usually, often and
occasionally can be placed at the end or the beginning of an
independent clause.
- Sometimes he can be so infuriating

ADVERBS OF RELATIVE TIME

These adverbs give us information about when an action took place
or an occurrence of an event in relation to another point in time.
Examples:
- Just
- Afterward
- Soon
- currently
More examples: He is currently studying in Canada.
They're just leaving. I'll be home soon.

ADVERBS OF DEGREE
These are also known as intensifiers (strengthen adverbs adjectives
and adverbs):
- Extremely
- Very
- Really
Down- toners (make them weaker):
- Fairly
- Quite
- Rather
Examples: We are very hungry. We ran fairly quickly.

ADVERBS OF QUANTITY
Give the reader information about quantity.
Examples:
- A lot
- A little
- Much
Sentence position: Usually at the end of a clause
Focusing Adverbs
Examples
- Even - Only
- Particularly - Just
- Especially - Also
- Specifically - Either
- Merely - Purely

What they do: single out information, express restriction or

refer back to something. Each adverb has its own rules about
what kinds of words it can be used with and where it comes in the
sentence.
More examples: Even, only, also. The sentence position is
flexible, and the position of each of these words in a sentence
will change its meaning. Usually, they are placed before the item
they are qualifying.
Also: This word adds information. You have to teach the positive
form of verbs and also the question form.

Lecture on Adverbs | Adverbs as Attitude Markers

Interpret events or convey our beliefs towards them and serve as
adverbs of manner.
Examples:
- Apparently
- Hopefully
- Naturally
- Clearly.
What they do: Interpret events or convey our beliefs towards them
and serve as adverbs of manner.
More examples:
- I'll call you, naturally.
- Clearly, you can't take direction
- Hopefully, they will arrive tomorrow
ADJECTIVE

POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIV

E

This book This book This is

is long. is longer than that the longest boo
book. k.

The airport The airport This is

is far. is farther than the the farthest air
train station. port.

My mom is My mom is My mom is

a good coo a better cook than the best cook.
k. your mom.

POSITIVE
The positive form is used in cases where there are no differences
between the two compared things or persons. To form the positive,
we use the word as before and after the positive form of the
adjective.
For example:
- Danny is as smart as Phillip.
- She is as beautiful as her older sister.
This can also be applied in a negative context to indicate that the
compared objects are not similar:
 - Danny is not as smart as Phillip.
- She is not as beautiful as her older sister.

COMPARATIVE
When two objects or persons are being compared, the comparative
form of the adjective is used. The comparative adjective can be
formed in two ways:
Adding –er to the positive form of the adjective.
Adding the word more before the adjective - She is more beautiful
than her sister.
When comparing two things, the word than is positioned between
the adjective and the thing being compared.
For example:
- Apples are tastier than oranges.
- This painting is more interesting than that painting.

SUPERLATIVES
The superlative is used to say what thing or person has the most of
a particular quality within a group or of its kind. The superlative
can be formed in two ways:
Adding –est to the Positive form of the adjective.
Adding the word most before the adjective.
For example:
- This is the most beautiful dress I have ever seen.
- The biggest table in the room.
Descriptive Adjectives
- Among the different kinds of adjectives, descriptive adjectives
are probably the most common ones. They simply say
something about the quality or the kind of the noun or
pronoun they’re referring to.

Examples:
Erika is witty.
She is tired.
Adrian’s reflexes are amazing.

Adjectives of Number or Adjectives of Quantity

- As the name suggests, this kind of adjective answers the
question, “How many?” or “How much?”

Examples:
Twenty-one students failed the exam.
The plants need more water.

Demonstrative Adjectives
- Demonstrative adjectives point out pronouns and nouns, and
always come before the words they are referring to.

Examples:
I used to buy this kind of shirts.
When the old man tripped over that wire, he
dropped a whole bag of
groceries.

Possessive Adjectives
- Obviously, this kind of adjectives shows ownership or
possession. Aside from that, possessive adjectives always
come before the noun.
 Examples:
I can’t answer my seatwork because I don’t have a
calculator.
Trisha sold his dog.

Interrogative Adjectives
- Interrogative adjectives ask questions and are always followed
by a noun.

Examples:
What movie are you watching?
Which plants should be placed over here?

DETERMINERS

Determiners are words placed in front of a noun to make it clear

what the noun refers to. Use the pages in this section to help you
use English determiners correctly.

- Definite article : the

- Indefinite articles : a, an
- Demonstratives: this, that, these, those
- Pronouns and possessive determiners : my, your, his, her,
its, our, their.
- Quantifiers : a few, a little, much, many, a lot of, most,
some, any, enough
- Numbers : one, ten, thirty
- Distributives : all, both, half, either, neither, each, every
- Difference words : other, another
 - Pre-determiners : such, what, rather, quite

PREPOSITION

Kinds of Preposition

SINGLE PREPOSITIONS

Prepositions which contain only one word are known as Single

Prepositions. For eg- on, at, in, to for, of, from, up, etc.

- He was in the hotel for the party.

- She bought the gift for her son.
- The postmen left the parcel at the door.

DOUBLE PREPOSITIONS

When there is more than one word of prepositions present, it is

known as Double preposition.

For example – Up to, within,

etc.

COMPOUND PREPOSITION

Compound prepositions consist of two or more words.

PARTICIPLE PREPOSITION

Participle preposition consists of words that end in “ing”. These are

verbs which act as a preposition.

For Example

- She talked regarding the social structure.

- Considering the fact that it is cloudy, it might rain tonight.
 - Everyone attended the royal wedding, including the
celebrities.

There Are Also Types of Prepositions on the Basis of the

Functionality

Preposition of Time

- This kind of preposition indicates when it indicates the time

factor in the sentence. Pointing out an action which happened,
happens or will happen in the future.

- Example
Mahatma Gandhi was born on 2nd of October.
I will reach there after sunset.
Hope we can reach there before sunrise.

Certain Rules To Follow

Use in Years, months, centuries, time of

for a day and seasons.

Use on
Days, dates and specific holidays.
for

Use at
Time exceptions and festivals.
for

Preposition of Place

- These kinds of prepositions are used to indicate a place or

position. The most interesting thing is that the prepositions
used in this are also in, at, on, which were used for time
 prepositions as well. But, there is nothing very you can easily
understand about how to place them.

Examples
Book is on the table.
The bag is in the cupboard.
We like books at the bookstore.

When we use a preposition for a

On
surface.

When we use to refer something

In
inside

at When we refer to a specific point

There are other prepositions of place as well like, Outside, inside,

under, over, near.

Preposition of Movement

- This preposition indicates the direction in which someone or

something is moving. The most common preposition used is
to.

- Examples:
We are going to the railway station.
David went to the beach every day for a morning
walk.
He jumped into the swimming pool.

Some other examples are - Across, through, into, over, down,

up, past, around.
Prepositions of Manner

- These prepositions describe the way anything happens or any

means by which it happens. Few such prepositions are by,
like, in with and on.

Examples:
Children go to school by bus.
We went to a movie in a taxi.
He played football like champions.

Prepositions of Measure

- These kinds of prepositions show the quantity of something

with someone or something.
- Two main prepositions are by and of.

Examples:
The Shopkeeper sells the cloth by metres.
Richard bought four kilos of tomatoes for a soup.

Preposition of Source

- Preposition of source demonstrates the source of something

or someone.

Examples:
She was paid a scholarship by her college for all her
semesters.
All the love the child received was straight from his
mother’s heart.

Preposition of Possession
 - This preposition shows that something or someone belongs to
something or someone. Such as of, with and to.

Examples
I saw her with a black dress.
This burger joint is of a well-known political leader.

CONJUNCTION

A conjunction is a part of speech that links words, phrases and

clauses. Think of them as bridges that connect ideas.

Conjunctions fall into one of four categories based on how they’re

used.

1. Coordinating conjunctions (or, and, but)

2. Correlative conjunctions (and/or, not only/but also)
3. Subordinating conjunctions (since, because, when)
4. Conjunctive adverbs (however, therefore)

Conjunctive adverb:

- He can’t get a ride; therefore, he has to stay home.

- FANBOYS

Correlative conjunctions list

- either/or
- neither/nor
- not only/but also
- as/as
- both/and
- whether/or

Subordinating conjunctions list

 - after - in case
- although - now that
- as soon as - since
- because - unless
- before - when / whether or not / while
- by the time

Conjunctive adverbs list

- after all
- besides
- consequently
- finally
- however
- nevertheless
- then
- therefore

INTERJECTIONS

There are 6 types of interjections to express

- Greeting
- Joy
- Surprise
- Approval
- Attention
- Sorrow

……When used in sentences.