ORAL COM REVIEWER

COMMUNICATION- two-way process by which people share and transmit thoughts, ideas, attitudes and information
using common sign and symbols.

 COMMON LANGUAGE- key for a communication to happen.

COMMUNICATION PROCESS

The communication process starts with the sender who encodes the message which will pass through a channel. The
receiver decodes the message sent and responds in the form of a feedback.

 ENCODE- to organize
 DECODE- interpret, analyze, understand

FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION

 Inform
 Clarify
 Buy
 Teach
 Accept
 Criticize
 Misinform
 Question
 Confuse
 Learn
 Affirm
 Deny
 Counsel
 Express
 Confirm
 Persuade
 Conceal
 Motivate

MODEL- visual representation

MODELS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS

 LINEAR COMMUNICATION (Shannon weaver (1948))- The receiver never responds or has no way of
responding to the information conveyed
SOURCE *CHANNEL*DESTINATION*NOISE/BARRIER
 INNTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION- (Schram model)- two-way and has Interaction
 TRANSACTIONAL COMMUNICATION
- communication is a cycle
- barrier affects the communication
- communicate to build social realities
- to create social relationships
- form intercultural alliances
 - shape our self-concepts
- to create communities

TRANSACTIONAL COMMUNICATION
- Sender and receiver are called communicators
- Environment or the place influences the communication process

BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION

COMMUNIATION BREAKDOWN- may occur when problems in any of the elements involved arise

SENDER BARRIERS

 Stuttering
 Low volume
 Mute
 Cleft lip/palate
 Fluency
 Intelligence
 Lack of knowledge
 Lack of interest

RECEIVER BARRIERS
 Hearing problems
 Selective hearing (narrow minded) (prejudice)
 Deaf
 Lack of knowledge

MESSAGE PROBLEMS

 Grammatical error
 Construction
 Unorganized ideas

BARRIERS

 CULTURAL BARRIER- pertain to communication problems encountered by people regarding their intrinsic
values, beliefs, and traditions in conflict with others
Culture:
- Values
- Beliefs
- Traditions/practice
- Language
- Religion
- Gestures

EXAMPLES:

- Different custom and tradition, different meaning in gesture

 PHYSICAL BARRIERS- natural or environmental condition that acts as a barrier in communication in sending
the message from sender to receiver. The most common type of barrier, defects in medium of
communication. Can also be the distance of the receiver and receiver.
EXAMPLE: loud sound

 PHYSCHOLOGICAL BARRIER- called mental barrier, refer to social and personal issues of a speaker towards
communicating with others.
EXAMPLES:
Shyness, lack of confidence, depression, trauma, and other mental problems

 PHYSIOLOGICAL BARRIER- related with the limitations of the human body and mind retention
EXAMPLES: hearing difficulties, short attention span, poor retention

 LINGUISTIC BARRIERS- pertain to conflicts related to language and word meanings. Any written symbols
EXAMPLE: difference in language, problems in word/symbol meaning
 TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT

CONTEXT- refers to the setting in which the communication takes place. Context helps to establish meaning and can
influence what is said and how it is said

4 TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT

 INTRAPERSONAL- focus on one person, where the speaker acts both as the sender and as the receiver of the
messages.
EXAMPLE: self-talk

 INTERPERSONAL- takes place between two or more people

- Dyad communication (two person)
- Small group (at least 3-12 people)

 PUBLIC- a speaker sends or delivers a message before a crowd, doesn’t have feedback

 MASS COMMUNICATION- communication through television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books,

billboards, the internet, and other types of media

SPEECH- more formal than talking or usual conversations. They are primarily delivered to leave a remarkable
message

TYPES OF SPEECH

 PERSUASIVE SPEECH – given solely for the purpose of convincing the audience to agree with the speaker’s
opinion on a particular topic
EXAMPLE: campaign speech of a politician

 INFORMATIVE SPEECH- mainly performed for the purpose of educating the audience on new or relevant
piece of information on a particular topic
EXAMPLE: speech about the importance of sleep
 ENTERTAINMENT SPEECH- aims to share laughter and enjoyment to the audience
EXAMPLE: acceptance speech for an award

TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO DELIVERY

 MANUSCRIPT SPEECH- the word for word iteration of a written message using visual aids
EXAMPLE: news anchor/report

 MEMORIZED SCRIPT- the role recitation of a written message that the speaker has committed to memory
EXAMPLE: actors dialogue

 EXTEMPORANEOUS SPECCH- the presentation of carefully planned and rehearsed speech. Spoken in a
conversational manner using brief notes
EXAMPLE: campaign speech before a voting

 IMPROMTU SPEECH- the presentation of a short message without advance preparation and is for people
knowledgeable about the subject

SPEECH ACTS

- An utterance of a short that a speaker makes to convince an intended effect. It carries a function or a
purpose

3 TYPES OF SPEECH ACTS

 LOCUTIONARY ACT- the actual act of uttering

“please do the dishes”

 ILLOCUTIONARY ACT- social function/purpose of what is said. By uttering the word “please wash the dishes”
the speaker is requesting the addressee to wash the dishes
EXAMPLES: apologizing, greeting, requesting, complaining, inviting, complimenting, refusing, etc.

 PERLOCUTIONARY ACT- the resulting of what is said. The effect is based on the particular context in which
the speech act was mentioned.

CLASSIFICATION OF ILLOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACTS

 ASSERTIVE- the speaker expresses belief (statements and claims)

EXAMPLES: suggesting, boasting, concluding

 DIRECTIVE- the speaker tries to make the addressee perform an action

EXAMPLES: ordering, requesting, asking, inviting, advising, begging

 COMMISIVE- the speaker will do something in the future

EXAMPLES: promising, planning, vowing, and belting

 EXPRESSIVE- the speaker expresses his/her feeling or emotion

EXAMPLES: thanking, apologizing, welcoming

 DECLARATION- the speaker aims to bring change in the actual situation

EXAMPLES: blessing, firing, baptizing, bidding, passing a sentence, excommunicating
 SPEECH STYLE- type of language

TYPE OF SPEECH STYLE

 INTIMATE- very close relationship (open with each other), private

 CASUAL- friends/peers, informal, slang, vulgar

 CONSULTATIVE- semiformal/professional, two-way (doctor-patient, teacher-student, boss-employee)

 FORMAL- speeches, one-way

 FROZEN- most formal, unchanged/fixed