Types of Speech Acts - Definition: Language used by close

friends and lovers. Most Private.

- It is a performative utterance that a speaker
makes to achieve an intended action. - Example: Private conversations with a
partner.
- Proponents: John Langshaw Austin (1962) and
John Searle (1969). - Importance: Builds and maintains close
personal relationships.
- Assertive: Statements that convey
information or describe the world. 2. Casual:
Example: "The sky is blue."
- Definition: Language used in informal
- Directive: Attempts to get the listener to conversations. Uses jargon, slang,
do something. Example: "Please close the colloquial, and vernacular. Most informal.
door."
- Example: Chatting with friends about
- Commissive: Commits the speaker to a weekend plans.
future action. Example: "I promise to help
- Importance: Facilitates relaxed and
you."
friendly interactions.
- Expressive: Expresses the speaker's
3. Consultative:
feelings or emotions. Example: "I
apologize for being late." - Definition: Formal language used in
professional settings. Most operational
- Declarative: Changes the external
style.
situation. Example: "I hereby declare you
husband and wife." - Example: Discussing a project with a
supervisor.
1. Locutionary Act:
- Importance: Ensures clarity and
- Definition: The act of saying something
professionalism in communication.
with a specific meaning.
4. Formal:
- Example: "It's raining outside."
- Definition: Standard language used in
2. Illocutionary Act:
official settings. One-way straightforward.
- Definition: The intention behind the
- Example: Giving a presentation at a
utterance.
business meeting.
- Example: "Can you pass the salt?"
- Importance: Conveys respect and
(request)
authority.
3. Perlocutionary Act:
5. Frozen:
- Definition: The effect of the utterance on
- Definition: Fixed language used in
the listener.
traditions; style remains unchanged. Most
- Example: The listener passes the salt. formal style.
Types of Speech Styles - Example: Reciting the Pledge of
Allegiance.
- Definition: Refers to form of language
that the speaker uses. - Importance: Preserves cultural and
historical traditions.
- Proponent: Martin Joos (1976), written
in his book “The Five Clocks” Types of Speeches
- Purpose: To characterize speech styles 1. Impromptu Speech:
based on formality.
- Definition: Delivered without prior
1. Intimate: preparation or notes.
 - Example: Being asked to give a quick - Purpose: To persuade the audience.
speech at a friend's birthday party.
3. Entertaining Speech:
- Purpose: Tests the speaker's ability to
- Definition: Designed to amuse the
think and speak on their feet.
audience.
2. Extemporaneous Speech:
- Example: A stand-up comedy routine.
- Definition: Delivered with some
- Purpose: To entertain the audience.
preparation and notes, but not fully
written out or memorized. Types of Speech Context
- Example: A business presentation where - Speech context refers to the surrounding
the speaker has prepared key points but circumstances that provide the framework for
speaks naturally. understanding spoken language.
- Purpose: Allows for a more natural and 1.Intrapersonal Communication:
engaging delivery while still being well-
organized. - Definition: Communication with oneself.

3. Reading from a Manuscript: - Example: Reflecting on personal goals

and aspirations.
- Definition: Delivered by reading a fully
written speech word-for-word. - Importance: Helps in self-awareness and
personal growth.
- Example: A politician delivering a formal
address or a news anchor reading the 2.Interpersonal Communication:
news. - Definition: Exchange of information
- Purpose: Ensures accuracy and precision between people.
in the delivery of the message. - Example: Conversations with friends,
4. Memorized Speech: family, or colleagues.

- Definition: Delivered from memory - Importance: Builds relationships and

without the use of notes or a manuscript. facilitates social interaction.

- Example: An actor performing a 3.Public Communication:

monologue or a student reciting a poem. - Definition: A single speaker addressing a
- Purpose: Allows for a polished and large audience
confident delivery. - Example: Delivering a speech at a
Types of Speech Based on Purpose conference.

1. Informative Speech: - Importance: Influences and informs a

larger audience.
- Definition: Provides information about a
particular topic. 4. Mass Communication:

- Example: A lecture on the effects of - Definition: Communication through

global warming. various media platforms.

- Purpose: To educate the audience. - Example: News broadcasts, social media

posts, and advertisements.
2. Persuasive Speech:
- Importance: Reaches a wide audience
- Definition: Aims to convince the and disseminates information quickly.
audience to adopt a particular viewpoint.
5.Small Group Communication:
- Example: A speech advocating for
renewable energy.
 - Definition: Communication within a small - Definition: Moving from one topic to
group of people. another.
- Example: Team meetings or study - Example: "Speaking of renewable energy,
groups. have you heard about the latest
advancements in solar technology?"
- Importance: Facilitates collaboration and
decision-making. - Importance: Allows for a natural flow of
conversation and exploration of related
Types of Communicative Strategies
topics.
- Definition: Strategies must be used to start,
6. Repair:
maintain and end a conversation.
- Definition: Addressing problems in
- Proponents: Cohen (1990)
speaking, listening, and comprehending.
1. Nomination:
- Example: "Sorry, I didn't catch that.
- Definition: Introducing a topic clearly and Could you repeat what you said?"
truthfully.
- Importance: Ensures clarity and
- Example: "Let's discuss the impact of understanding in communication.
climate change on agriculture."
- Importance: Ensures the conversation
starts on a clear and relevant note.
2. Restriction:
- Definition: Limiting responses within a
set of categories.
- Example: "Can you describe the types of
renewable energy sources?"
- Importance: Keeps the conversation
focused and relevant.
3. Turn-taking:
- Definition: Recognizing when and how to
speak.
- Example: Pausing to allow others to
speak during a discussion.
- Importance: Ensures a balanced and
respectful exchange of ideas.
4. Topic Control:
- Definition: Keeping the conversation on
track.
- Example: Steering the discussion back to
the main topic if it veers off course.
- Importance: Maintains the relevance and
productivity of the conversation.
5. Topic Shifting: