ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT How can one be an effective public speaker?

-recognize that intrapersonal communication

TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT (thoughts of the individual members) or
interpersonal communication (communication
1. Intrapersonal Communication between team members) may interfere
 communication involves one person; it is often called “self-talk” Wood, J. -use attention getting and engagement strategies
(1997) to keep the audience focused on the message.
 explains how - As we use language to reflect on our own experiences, we 5. Mass Communication
talk to ourselves through situations. • mass media
e.g. the voice within you that tells you, “Keep on Limitation:
Going! I can DO IT!” ability to tailor message to specific audiences, groups, or individuals
 intrapersonal communication can be positive or negative, and can
directly influence how people perceive and react to situations and
communication with others TYPES OF SPEECH STYLE
What one perceives in communication with others is also influenced by: 1. Informal or Casual –typically used in personal conversations with friends
-culture or family members ---free and easy participation of both speaker and
-native language listener
- one’s world view e.g. phone texts, conversation with friends or family members, etc.
2. Interpersonal Communication 2. Formal - verbal presentation or document intended to share information
 involves two people, and can range from intimate and very personal to - conforms to established professional rules, standards and processes and
formal and impersonal. avoids using slang terminology
e.g. conversation with a loved one, sharing a -most often seen in writing
serious concern e.g.
brief conversation about plans for the • Formal - “Toyota’s sales bounced back in March as substantial discounts
weekend with the security guard on your helped to win back customers who had been shaken by the firm’s mass
way home safety recalls.”
3. Group Communication • Casual/ Informal - “Did you see Toyota’s sales figures? Looks like the
 dynamic process where a small number of people engage in a discounts have actually worked.”
conversation (McLean, 2005) 3. Consultative
 is generally defined as involving three to eight people unplanned speech
 Affected by: age, education, sex, general preferences as well as dislikes uses listener participation and feedback
What could be done? less well planned & tends to be spontaneous compared to the formal style
You may find several groups within the larger audience, such as specific areas of Features:
education. Use this knowledge to increase your effectiveness as a communicator (a)the speaker supplies background information (b)the listener participates
4. Public Communication continuously – Less appropriate for writing
• one person speaks to a group of people e.g.
-group discussion Let’s Do This!
-regular conversation at school, companies, trade, speech conversation
4. Intimate Give your own definition of the following type of speech context.
-used in conversations between people who are very close and know each other
quite well
-characterized by an economy of words Type of Speech Definition
-has a high incidence of significant nonverbal communication, such as gesture, Context
facial expression, eye contact and so on 1. Intrapersonal
-free and easy participation of both the speaker and listener, and is far more
2. Interpersonal
elliptical
-grammar unnecessarily used here, because it can bring disorder to this intimate
3. Group
style
e.g. 4. Public
Communications of intimate members of a family or friends that do not need a Communication
complete language with clear articulation 5. Mass
5. Frozen Communication
-the most formal communicative style used in respectful situation or formal
ceremony.
-also known as fixed speech Give examples of each type of speech style.
-uses the complex grammatical sentence structure and vocabulary known only to
experts in a particular field
Type of Speech Style Example
1. Informal or Casual

2. Formal

3. Consultative

4. Intimate
5. Frozen

ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT

TYPES OF SPEECHES 1. Impromptu Speeches - Impromptu speaking is the presentation of a
short message without advance preparation.
A. Types of Speeches According to Purpose
2. Extemporaneous Speeches - This speech involves the speaker's use of
1. Informative – This speech serves to provide interesting and useful notes and some embellishment to deliver a speech.
information to your audience.
3. Manuscript Speeches - the speaker reads every word from a pre-
2. Demonstrative- This has many similarities with informative speech. A written speech.
demonstrative speech also teaches you something. The main difference
4. Speaking From Memory - Memorized speaking is the rote recitation of
lies in including a demonstration on how to do the thing you’re teaching.
a written message that the speaker has committed to memory.
3. Persuasive- A persuasive speech works to convince people to change in
Let’s Do This!
some way: what they think, the way they do something, or to start doing
something, or to start doing something that they do not currently doing. Make a chart to give the similarities and differences of each type
of speeches according to delivery.
4. Occasional/Entertaining- The speaker provides pleasure and enjoyment
that make the audience laugh, and identify with anecdotal information.

Other Types Write a speech about any of the following topics:

 LGBTQ
 COVID-19 pandemic
 Global warming
 Social media
 AIDS

Types of Speech Act

Communication happens effectively when the message is passed clearly; it
B. Types of Speech According to Delivery becomes useful and meaningful when both the sender and the receiver
understand the idea being put across. Indeed, there could be no valid reasons to Examples of Locutionary Acts:
ignore the need for communicating successfully.
• “Doh!” (favorite expression of TV cartoon character Homer Simpson)
Moreover, to achieve effective communication, it is essential to know the • “Wow?” (When someone is amazed)
different types of speech act which are the focus of this lesson. Hence, this • “Hello!” (greeting someone)
module will help you distinguish the important role of speech act in achieving • “Get out!” (a strong command)
communicative competence by responding appropriately to various utterances 2. Illocutionary act is the social function of what is said.
for you to efficiently communicate with the world. This Speech Act uses the Illocutionary Force of a statement, a confirmation, a
denial, a prediction, a promise, a request, etc.
A speech act is an utterance that a speaker makes to achieve an intended effect.

Speech acts are performed when a person offers an apology, greeting, request, Examples of Illocutionary Acts:
complaint, invitation compliment, or refusal. Speech act is an act of
• It’s more fun in the Philippines. (opinion)
communication.
• I’ll help you clean the house tomorrow. (promise)
As we communicate with others, we use language without minding whether to • Get my things in the office. (order)
use complete sentence or not. The number of words in a single utterance does 3. Perlocutionary act refers to the consequent effect of what was said. This is
not matter so long as we can get our message across. based on the particular context in which the speech act was mentioned.
The aim of Perlocutionary Speech Act is to change feelings, thoughts, or actions.
Three Types of Speech Act Examples of Perlocutionary Acts:
• “We can do this. We heal and win as one!” (inspiring)
According to J. L. Austin (1962), a philosopher of language and the developer of
• “It is crucial that we give all our collective efforts to fight against this pandemic.
the Speech Act Theory, there are three types of acts in every utterance, given the
We must start working together.” (persuading)
right circumstances or context. These are:
• “Smoking destroys your health, certain as it brings diseases, it kills – you, your
Locutionary loved ones, and others!” (deterring)

“Please do the dishes.”

Illocutionary

By uttering the locution “Please do the dishes,” the speaker requests the
addressee to wash the dishes.

Perlocutionary

“Please do the dishes” would lead to the addressee washing the dishes

1. Locutionary act is the actual act of uttering or saying something. This act Do a Good Turn Daily!
happens with the utterances of a sound, a word or even a phrase as a natural unit
of speech.
A. Suppose you are in the situations described below. As a good citizen, how are
you going to respond to these? Supply the table with the needed information.
The first one is done for you.

Scenario Locutionary Illocutionary Perlocutionary

(Utterance) (Intention) (Response)
Mrs. Sanchez was “It’s heavy!” Mrs. Santos I will help her
carrying heavy needs help. bring her books.
books.
Renato lost his
wallet.
The children were
crossing the busy
street.
Anton could not
find his eraser for
the Math test.
Mae accidentally
slipped on the
floor.