1.

Autofill in Excel

 What it does: Automatically fills data based on a pattern (e.g., series of numbers, dates, or
formulas).
 How to use:
1. Enter a value in a cell.
2. Drag the fill handle (small square at the bottom-right corner of the
selected cell) across the desired range.
3. Excel will autofill the series.
 Shortcut: Ctrl + D (Fill Down) or Ctrl + R (Fill Right).

2. Flash Fill

 What it does: Automatically fills values based on patterns in the data (e.g., separating first and last
names).
 How to use:
1. Enter the first value in the column next to the original data.
2. Go to Data -> Flash Fill or press Ctrl + E.
3. Excel will fill in the rest based on the pattern.
 Shortcut: Ctrl + E.

3. Text to Columns

 What it does: Splits the text from one column into multiple columns based on a delimiter (e.g.,
comma, space).
 How to use:
1. Select the column with data.
2. Go to Data -> Text to Columns.
3. Choose Delimited or Fixed Width, and follow the wizard.
 Shortcut: No direct shortcut; use Alt -> A -> E to access.

4. Data Validation

 What it does: Restricts the type of data that can be entered in a cell (e.g., only numbers, dates).
 How to use:
1. Select the cell or range.
2. Go to Data -> Data Validation.
3. Choose your criteria (e.g., whole number, decimal, list).
 Shortcut: Alt -> D -> L -> V.

5. Conditional Formatting

 What it does: Applies formatting (e.g., color) based on cell values.

 How to use:
1. Select the range.
2. Go to Home -> Conditional Formatting.
3. Choose a rule (e.g., highlight cells greater than a certain value).
 Shortcut: Alt -> H -> L.
6. Basics of Formatting in Excel

 What it does: Changes the appearance of data (font, color, alignment).

 How to use:
1. Select the cells.
2. Use options in the Home tab (font size, bold, italics, etc.).
 Shortcut:

o Bold: Ctrl + B
o Italics: Ctrl + I
o Underline: Ctrl + U

7. Sorting Data

 What it does: Organizes data in ascending/descending order.

 How to use:
1. Select the range.
2. Go to Data -> Sort or use the Sort buttons on the ribbon.
 Shortcut: Alt -> D -> S -> S.

8. Filtering Data

 What it does: Filters data to show only the rows that meet specific criteria.
 How to use:
1. Select your data range.
2. Go to Data -> Filter or press Ctrl + Shift + L.
3. Click the filter arrows to choose the filter criteria.
 Shortcut: Ctrl + Shift + L.

9. Dealing with Null Values

 What it does: Finds and replaces or fills null/blank values.

 How to use:
1. Use Find & Replace (Ctrl + H) to replace blank cells with values like 0.
2. You can also use formulas like IF to handle null values.

10. Dealing with Duplicate Values

 What it does: Removes or highlights duplicate entries.

 How to use:
1. Select the range.
2. Go to Data -> Remove Duplicates.
3. Select the columns where you want to check for duplicates.
 Shortcut: No direct shortcut; use Alt -> A -> M.

11. Trimming Whitespaces

 What it does: Removes extra spaces from text.

  How to use:
1. Use the formula =TRIM (A1) to remove spaces from text in cell A1.

12. Fixing Column Formats

 What it does: Ensures consistent data types (e.g., number, text).

 How to use:
1. Select the column.
2. Right-click -> Format Cells or go to Home -> Number Format.

13. Text Functions

 What it does: Manipulates text data.

 Common Functions:
o LEFT, RIGHT, MID, CONCATENATE or &, UPPER, LOWER.
o Example: =LEFT (A1, 5) returns the first 5 characters of cell A1.

14. IF Function

 What it does: Performs a logical test and returns one value if true, another if false.
 How to use:
1. =IF (logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false).
2. Example: =IF (A1 > 10, "Yes", "No").
 Shortcut: No direct shortcut.

15. AND & OR Functions

 What it does: AND checks if all conditions are true; OR checks if any condition is true.
 How to use:
1. =AND (condition1, condition2) or =OR (condition1, condition2).
 Example: =AND (A1 > 10, B1 < 20).

16. Date & Time Functions

 Common Functions:
o TODAY (), NOW (), DATE (year, month, day), DATEDIF.
o Example: =TODAY () returns the current date.

17. COUNTIF, COUNTIFS, SUMIF, SUMIFS

 What it does: Counts or sums based on criteria.

 How to use:
o =COUNTIF(range, criteria).
o =SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range).

18. Lookup and VLOOKUP

  What it does: Searches for a value in a table.
 How to use:
o = VLOOKUP (lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup]).

19. INDEX MATCH

 What it does: Combines two functions for more flexible lookups.

 How to use:
o =INDEX(array, row_num, [col_num]).
o =MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, [match_type]).

20. XLOOKUP

 What it does: An improved version of VLOOKUP.

 How to use:
o =XLOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_array, return_array, [if_not_found]).

21. Data Connectors in Excel

 What it does: Allows you to connect Excel to various data sources such as databases, web pages, or
other workbooks for importing data.
 How to use:
1. Go to the Data tab and click Get Data.
2. Choose the data source (e.g., Excel workbook, SQL Server, Text file, etc.).
3. Follow the connection wizard to import data.
 You can refresh these connections to get updated data using Data -> Refresh All.
 Shortcut: No direct shortcut; use Alt -> A -> P -> O (for "Get Data").

22. Power Query in MS Excel

 What it does: Power Query helps you to connect, combine, and refine data from
multiple sources without affecting the original data.
 How to use:
1. Go to Data -> Get Data.
2. Choose a data source (like another Excel file, database, or web).
3. Power Query Editor will open where you can transform your data before
loading it into Excel.

23. Cleaning and Transformation in Power Query

 What it does: Power Query provides tools to clean and transform data (e.g., remove duplicates, split
columns, change data types).
 How to use:
1. After loading data into Power Query, use options like Remove Rows, Replace Values, Split
Column, etc.
2. Use Transform options in the Power Query Editor to convert data types or format columns.
24. Cleaning Null Values in Power Query Editor

 What it does: Remove or replace null (blank) values in your data.

 How to use:
1. In the Power Query Editor, select the column containing null values.
2. Go to Transform -> Replace Values -> Replace "null" with any value (like 0 or
blank space).
3. Alternatively, filter out rows containing null values by clicking on the filter
button in the column header.

25. Combine Files Using Power Query

 What it does: Power Query allows you to combine multiple files (e.g., CSV or Excel files) into one
table.
 How to use:
1. Go to Data -> Get Data -> From Folder.
2. Select the folder containing the files.
3. Power Query will list the files. Click Combine to merge them into one dataset.

26. Data Modeling and Its Importance

 What it does: Data modeling involves structuring data in a way that makes relationships between
tables clear, facilitating advanced analysis.
 How to use:
1. Load multiple tables into Excel using Power Query.
2. In Power Pivot, define relationships between tables based on common
columns (like IDs).
3. This is crucial for using Pivot Tables with multiple data sources.
 Importance: Proper data modeling allows for better analysis with features like Pivot Tables, and it
reduces redundancy and inconsistency in data.

27. Cardinality and Filter Direction in Power Pivot

 What it does: Cardinality refers to the relationship type between two tables
(one-to-one, one-to-many, etc.). Filter direction controls how filters apply
across related tables.
 How to use:
1. In Power Pivot, go to Manage -> Design -> Create Relationship.
2. Define the cardinality (one-to-one or one-to-many).
3. Choose filter direction: single-direction (default) or bi-directional for complex models.

28. Pivot Tables in Excel

 What it does: Pivot Tables summarize and analyze data, helping you to create quick reports.
  How to use:
1. Select your data range.
2. Go to Insert -> PivotTable.
3. Drag fields into Rows, Columns, Values, and Filters to analyze data.
 Shortcut: Alt + N + V.

29. Pivot Charts in Excel

 What it does: Pivot Charts allow you to visually represent data from Pivot Tables.
 How to use:
1. Create a Pivot Table.
2. Click PivotTable Analyze -> PivotChart.
3. Choose a chart type and customize the chart.
 Shortcut: No direct shortcut for Pivot Charts.

30. Slicer in Excel

 What it does: Slicers provide an easy way to filter data in Pivot Tables and Pivot Charts.
 How to use:
1. Select the Pivot Table or Chart.
2. Go to PivotTable Analyze -> Insert Slicer.
3. Choose the fields to filter by.
4. Use the slicer buttons to filter the data interactively.
 Shortcut: Alt -> J -> T -> I.

31. Measures in Excel

 What it does: Measures are custom calculations used in Pivot Tables, typically with Power Pivot.
 How to use:
1. In Power Pivot, go to Home -> New Measure.
2. Define the measure using DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) formulas (e.g., SUM,
COUNT).
3. Use these measures in Pivot Tables for custom metrics.

32. Buttons in Excel

 What it does: Buttons in Excel are used for triggering macros or actions (e.g., refreshing a Pivot
Table).
 How to use:
1. Go to Developer -> Insert -> Button.
2. Draw the button on your worksheet.
3. Assign a macro to the button to perform an action.

33. How to Create a Dashboard in Excel

  What it does: A dashboard in Excel provides an interactive summary of data, combining charts,
tables, and slicers.
 How to create:
1. Use Pivot Tables and Pivot Charts for data analysis.
2. Insert slicers to filter data.
3. Arrange the charts and tables on a single sheet.
4. Use shapes, buttons, and conditional formatting for better visualization.

34. Forecasting in Excel

 What it does: Excel can forecast data trends using historical data.
 How to use:
1. Select a range of historical data.
2. Go to Data -> Forecast Sheet.
3. Choose the type of forecast and Excel will generate future values.
 Shortcut: No direct shortcut.

35. What-If Analysis in Excel

 What it does: What-If Analysis allows you to test different scenarios or conditions.
 Types:
o Scenario Manager: Test multiple scenarios with different sets of input values.
o Goal Seek: Find the input value needed to achieve a specific result.
o Data Tables: Analyze how changing one or two variables affects outcomes.
 How to use:

1. Go to Data -> What-If Analysis.

2. Choose either Scenario Manager, Goal Seek, or Data Table.
3. Set up your scenarios, goals, or data tables for analysis.
 Shortcut: No direct shortcut; use Alt -> A -> W.