Cell Physiology

Name: ………………………………….. Adm: ………… Class: ……..
Teacher: ……………
MOI FORCES ACADEMY- NAIROBI
BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
2022 TOPICAL REVISION TASKS
Answer all questions

1. Define each of the following terms.
(a) Osmosis (1 mark)
(b) Active transport (1 mark)
(c) Cell physiology (1 mark)
2. Name the process by which each of the following occurs.
(a) Molecules such as amino acids and glucose enter the body cell. (1 mark)
(b) Glucose and mineral salts are re-absorbed into the blood in the kidney tubules. (1 mark)
(c) Water is absorbed from the soil by root hairs. (1 mark)
(d) Carbon (IV) oxide moves from the body cells to the blood capillaries. (1 mark)
3. Two tubes, A and B, made of a sheep’s bladder were filled with different liquids and placed in
a basin containing a liquid as shown in the set-up below.
After 20 minutes, it was found that tube A felt hard and the liquid in it had increased. Tube B
was soft and contained less liquid.
(a) Explain what took place in tubes A and B. (2 marks)
(b) Identify the tube containing a liquid hypertonic to the liquid in the basin. (1 mark)
(c) What does the sheep’s bladder correspond to in a living organism? (1 mark)
4. Explain the difference between:

1
(a) turgor pressure and wall pressure. (2 marks)
(b) osmotic pressure and osmotic potential. (2 marks)
5. Explain four factors that affect the rate of diffusion. (4 marks)

6. Four equal strips, P, Q, R and S, were cut from a raw pawpaw whose cell sap was 28.5%
sugar. The strips were placed in sugar solutions of different concentrations as follows: P – 10%,
Q – 15%, R – 25% and S – 35%.
(a) What changes would you expect in strips P and S? (2 marks)
(b) Account for the changes in (a) above. (2 marks)
(c) Distinguish between diffusion and active transport. (2 marks)
7. An experiment was carried out to investigate haemolysis in human red blood cells. The red
blood cells were placed in solutions with different concentrations of sodium chloride. The
percentage of haemolysed cells was determined and the results recorded as shown in the table
below.
(a) (i) On a graph paper, plot a graph of the percentage of haemolysed red blood cells against the
salt concentration. (6 marks)
(ii) At what concentration of salt solution was the proportion of haemolysed cells equal to that
of non-haemolysed cells? (1 mark)
(iii) State the percentage of cells haemolysed at a salt concentration 0.45 g/100 cm3. (1 mark)
(b) Account for the results obtained at:
(i) 0.33 g/100 cm3 salt concentration. (2 marks)
(ii) 0.48 g/100 cm3 salt concentration. (2 marks)
(c) What would happen to the red blood cells if they were placed in 0.50 g/100 cm3 salt
solution? (2 marks)
(d) Explain what would happen to onion epidermal cells if placed in distilled water. (2 marks)
8. The data below represents concentrations of different ions in the cell sap of a glasswort plant,
and of the water in the pond in which it grew.
(a) Name the process involved in the uptake of ions from the pond water to the cell sap. (1
mark)
(b) What effect would the following changes have on this process?
(i) Reduced oxygen supply. (1 mark)
(ii) Increased concentration of glucose. (1 mark)
2
(c) Other than the uptake of mineral ions, state the role played by the process you have named in
(a)above in living organisms. (3 marks)
9. Explain the following terms.
(a) Plasmolysis (2 marks)
(b) Crenation (2 marks)
10. Describe an experiment you would use to demonstrate the process of diffusion. (4 marks)
11. State two plant processes in which diffusion plays an important role. (2 marks)
12. Explain why eating a meal with too much salt leads to the production of a small volume of
concentrated urine. (2 marks)
13. The cells of a certain herbaceous plant were found to have a diameter of 25 µm. The cells
were placed in varying concentrations of sugar solution. The average diameter of the cells in
each solution was determined and the results obtained were tabulated in a table as shown below.
(a) From these results, determine the concentration of the cell sap. (2 marks)
(b) What term is used to describe the sugar solution whose concentration is equal to that of the
cell sap? (1 mark)
(c) Give an explanation for the average diameter of the cells placed in 1% sugar solution. (2
marks)
 14. (a) Name the part that controls the passage of materials in and out of a cell. (1 mark)
(b) Name the physiological processes involved in the movement of substances in and out of cells
15. Strips were cut lengthwise from the main stem of a herbaceous plant. The following diagram
shows the appearance of the strips after placing them in different liquids.
(a) Account for the results obtained when the strips were put in:
(i) distilled water. (2 marks)
(ii) a strong salt solution. (2 marks)
(b) Why did the strips curl slightly outwards after being placed in distilled water? (2 marks)
16. The diagrams below show a red blood cell that was placed in a certain solution.
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At the beginning of the experiment At the end of experiment
(a) Account for the shape of the cell at the end of the experiment. (2 marks)
(b) Draw and label a diagram to illustrate how a plant cell would appear if placed in the same
solution. (2 marks)
17. The table below shows the concentration of some ions in pond water and in the cell sap of an
aquatic plant growing in the pond.
(a) Name the process by which the following ions could have been taken up by this plant.
(i) Sodium ions (1 mark)
(ii) Potassium ions (1 mark)
(b) For each of the processes named in (a) (i) and (ii) above, state one condition necessary for
the process to take place. (2 marks)
18. (a) Define diffusion. (1 mark)
(b) State how each of the following factors affect the rate of diffusion.
(i) Surface area to volume ratio (1 mark)
(ii) Diffusion gradient (1 mark)
(iii) Temperature (1 mark)
(iv) Thickness of the membrane (1 mark)
(c) State three roles of diffusion in animals. (3 marks)
19. A freshwater amoeba forms many contractile vacuoles. Explain. (3 marks)

4
20. (a) Explain why red blood cells burst when placed in distilled water, while amoeba do not
burst. (2 marks)
(b) Give two differences between osmosis and diffusion. (2 marks)

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Name: ………………………………….. Adm: ………… Class: ……..

Answer all questions

(a) Osmosis (1 mark)

(b) Active transport (1 mark)

(c) Cell physiology (1 mark)

2. Name the process by which each of the following occurs.

(c) Water is absorbed from the soil by root hairs. (1 mark)

(a) Explain what took place in tubes A and B. (2 marks)

4. Explain the difference between:

(b) osmotic pressure and osmotic potential. (2 marks)

5. Explain four factors that affect the rate of diffusion. (4 marks)

(a) What changes would you expect in strips P and S? (2 marks)

(b) Account for the changes in (a) above. (2 marks)

(c) Distinguish between diffusion and active transport. (2 marks)

(a) Plasmolysis (2 marks)

(b) Crenation (2 marks)

(i) Sodium ions (1 mark)

(ii) Potassium ions (1 mark)

18. (a) Define diffusion. (1 mark)

(i) Surface area to volume ratio (1 mark)

(ii) Diffusion gradient (1 mark)

(iii) Temperature (1 mark)

(iv) Thickness of the membrane (1 mark)

(c) State three roles of diffusion in animals. (3 marks)

19. A freshwater amoeba forms many contractile vacuoles. Explain. (3 marks)

(b) Give two differences between osmosis and diffusion. (2 marks)

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