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 2. What is Communication?
Communication is the activity of

conveying information. The word
communication has been derived from the
Latin word ‘communis’, meaning to share. It
basically involves a sender, a message and
a receiver. Communication is giving,
receiving or exchanging ideas, data,
information, signals or messages through
appropriate media, enabling individuals or
groups to persuade, to seek information, to
give information or to express emotions.
 3. Through the years, communication has
evolved. The way people communicate with
each other today is entirely different from
the prehistoric era. Before, communicating
is limited to interpersonal interaction –
person to person. Until it evolved to
alphabets, signs and symbols, letters, and
telephone. Today, the Internet era has
paved the way to innumerable means of
communication. Technology has indeed
redefined communication. People no longer
have to wait for years, months, weeks, and
days to receive an information or message.
Today, texts, e-mails, tweets, and personal
messages can reach the recipient in just a
matter of seconds.
 4. The oldest form of symbols used for
communication is cave paintings. According
to theorists, cave paintings were created to
mark a territory or to record events. The
oldest cave painting was discovered inside
Chauvet Cave in France around 30,000 B.C.
Other earliest cave paintings were found in
South Sulawesi, Indonesia and Coliboaia
Cave in Romania . Apart from letters and
symbols, ancient people also rely on
elements to communicate. Smoke signals
were primarily used in Sending messages in
China. In 200 B.C., guards execute smoke
signals to send messages along The Great
Wall of China. In 150 B.C. , Greek Historian
Polybius developed smoke signals
representing the alphabet.
 5. As we all know, pigeons are naturally
great with directions. Over 2,000 years ago,
the ancient Romans used pigeons as
primary messengers between military men.
In the 12th century, messenger pigeons
were widely used. According to Naval
chaplain Henry Teonge, merchants used
pigeons as a “postal” service. During the
ancient period, Egyptians used courier serve
to send out decrees in 2,400 B.C. Until now,
a piece of mail which dates back to 255 B.C.
is still preserved. Postal systems were also
organized in Persia, China, India, and Rome
before. On the other hand, it was only in
1653 when Frenchman De Valaver started a
postal system in Paris which involved the
use of mailboxes and delivery of paid
envelope.
 6. NEWSPAPER In 1440,
German Johannes Gutenberg developed the
printing press system which radically
changed communication forever. With this,
the newspaper began to flourish in the 16th
century. The German-language publication
of Johann Carolus in Strasbourg in 1605 was
the first newspaper. The first English-
language newspaper was of mailboxes and
delivery of paid envelope. RADIO After print
media flourished, radio followed. In the
1830s, various scientists, such as Maxwell
and Hughes studied on wireless telegraphy
which developed the theory of
electromagnetism. In 1888, Heinrich Rudolf
Hertz discovered “Hertzian waves”, named
after him. In 1893 Tesla started using
wireless power as a form of transmitting
content. In the early 20th century, radio
broadcasting began.
 7. TELEGRAPH Telegraph
communication started after Samuel
Morse invented the Mors code which
encoded the ISO basic Latin alphabet. The
Morse code transmitted messages through
series of clicks, tones, and lights. In 1830,
Morse integrated the Morse code in
telegraphy technology that revolutionized
communication the long-distance. In 1844,
Morse sent his first telegraph message.
TELEPHONE The telegraphy was
immediately replaced by the telephone. It
was invented by Scottish Alexander Graham
Bell in 1876. The telephone acts is a
telecommunication device that converts
human audio signals to electronic signals
which are transmitted via cables. It was
further developed to commercially cater to
local and long distant calls. In the 1900s,
landline telephone service began. Up until
now, the telephone remained one of the
most reliable telecommunication devices.
 8. TELEVISION Along with
telephones, television started to become a
mode of indirect communication to the mass
audience. The television was not just
invented by a single person, but developed
through the efforts of various brilliant
people. The earliest records of TV
broadcasting occurred after the World War
II, in which the display was still black and
white. Now, more than 1.5 billion
households in the world own a television .
INTERNET After the creation of computers
in the 1950s, the ARPANET, which was the
early predecessor of The internet was
developed. The ARPANET was designed to
manage communication between ARPA
computer terminals in the 1960s. The term
“internet” first emerged in 1973. The first
internet service provider was the Telenet. In
1983, the domain system started. In 1991,
Tim Berners-Lee, a scientist at CERN,
introduced the World Wide Web (www)
which definitely started the modern internet.
 9. E-MAIL With the onset of the internet,
electronic mails started to become popular.
Although emails came before the ARPANET,
however, it was “offline”. In 1975, John Vittal
developed a software to organize emails.
From that time, 75% of ARPANET traffic was
email. In 1994, Yahoo! was born. It was
followed by other mailing platforms,
including Hotmail and Google Mail. TEXT
MESSAGE The first official SMS messaging
took place on December 3, 1992, when Neil
Pap worth, an Engineer from Sema Group
(now Air wide Solutions) used a computer to
send “Merry Christmas” through the
Vodafone network. In 1994, the Radio linja
was the first network service provider to
carry out person-to-person text messaging.
Now, SMS has evolved in which over 9
trillion SMS are sent every year.
 10. The latest mode of communication in
the digital era is the use of social media
platforms. It has become more available
because of the proliferation of smart phones
where social media apps can easily be
installed. In 2004, Facebook was created by
Mark Zuckerberg. Today, the Messenger is
one of the most widely used messaging
apps. There are more than two billion
Facebook users worldwide. In 2005,
YouTube became the first-ever popular
video hosting social media site. In 2006,
Twitter began to dominate the social media
scene. Other social media platforms have
followed.

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 2. What is Communication?

Communication is the activity of

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