COSH DIFFERENT TYPES OF HAND TOOLS: SAW

HAND TOOLS AND PORTABLE POWER TOOLS

Objective:
At the end of this lecture, the participants will be able to
do the following:
 Differentiate different types of hand tools and
portable power tools,
 Identify hazards, evaluate risks and provide
necessary control measures, and
 Enumerate safety and health tips with the use of
these equipment DIFFERENT TYPES OF HAND TOOLS: SCREW
Different types of screw driver heads
HAND TOOLS
 Is a non-powered or non-energized device but
instead used the physical strength of the user in
performing work activity on a material. These
tools simply used manually or by incorporating
mechanical force system.
Example of these non-powered tools are axes, hammers,
saw, screw driver, pliers and locking plier or vise grip,
chisel for wood and metal, and wrenches that are widely
used in the construction related activities or wood works. DIFFERENT TYPES OF HAND TOOLS: PLIERS

Task can be easily accomplished with the help of these

tools instead of using bare hands. However, the greatest
hazards posed by hand tools result from misuse of an
unexperienced worker and improper or lack of
maintenance procedures.
Hammer – made up of hard steel is used by lifting it up
and bringing it down on the material being done for, the
force applied will accomplish the task. Mostly used for
driving a nails, chisels or by chipping away rock or
corrosion.
Different types of hammer are: Claw, Framing, Mallet, DIFFERENT TYPES OF HAND TOOLS:
Sledge, Tack, Club, Dead blow, Ball peen, LOCKING PLIERS
Blacksmithing, Blocking, Cross-peen, Chasing, Trim,
Drywall, Hatchet, Joiners, Brick, Stone sledgehammer,
Rock, Electricians (specialty type), Shingle, and Piton,

DIFFERENT TYPES OF HAND TOOLS:

HAMMER

DIFFERENT TYPES OF HAND TOOLS: CHISEL

 THE FACT IS:
Misuse of tools or defective tools can result in sever
personal injury.

HAND TOOLS HAZARD RECOGNITION

Some examples:
Using a screwdriver as a chisel may cause the tip of the
screwdriver to break and fly, hitting the user or other
employees.
If a wooden handle on a tool such as a hammer or an axe
is loose, splintered, or cracked, the head of the tool may
POWER TOOLS fly off and strike the user or another worker.
 Are tools are advanced equipment energized by A wrench must not be used if its jaws are sprung,
a mechanism like pressurized air or liquid, because it might slip.
electricity, fuel or gasoline, and explosive
powder, in addition to the physical strength Impact tools such as chisels, wedges, or drift pins are
added by the worker in performing his task on a unsafe if they have mushroomed heads. The heads might
material. They can be classified into stationary shatter on impact, sending sharp fragments flying.
or stationed at a specific location, or portable
which can be brought along by the worker
wherever he went. HAND TOOLS HAZARD RECOGNITION
Example of power tools are (1) electrically powered The employer is responsible for the safe condition of
drill, circular saw, jigsaw, grinder, and chisel; (2) tools and equipment used by employees but the
powered by pressurized air -pneumatic impact wrench, employees have the responsibility for properly using and
sander, polisher, drill, rivet cutter, saw, and jack maintaining tools.
hammer; or hydraulic-pressurized by liquid oil like jack
Employers should caution employees that saw blades,
hammer, (3) fuelled by gasoline like chain saw, and (4)
knives, or other tools be directed away from aisle areas
powder activated or cartridge type equipment like rivets.
and other employees working in close proximity. Knives
These tools makes working effective and efficient where and scissors must be sharp. Dull tools can be more
without these tools a task cannot be manually done even hazardous than sharp ones.
if you pour all out your physical strength. However,
Appropriate personal protective equipment, e.g., safety
higher risk are inherent with these tools which mainly
goggles, gloves, etc., should be worn due to hazards that
can occur due to misuse of an untrained worker and
may be encountered while using portable power tools
improper or lack of maintenance system.
and hand tools.
Safety requires that floors be kept as clean and dry as
possible to prevent accidental slips with or around
dangerous hand tools.
Around flammable substances, sparks produced by iron
and steel hand tools can be a dangerous ignition source.
Where this hazard exists, spark-resistant tools made
from brass, plastic, aluminum, or wood will provide for
safety.
HAND TOOL ACCIDENTS NEARLY ALWAYS
ARISE FROM:
 Human carelessness
 Not knowing the right tool for the job
 Ignorance of safety precautions
 Not instructed for the correct usage
 Failure to maintain/keep the tools properly

MOST ACCIDENTS ARE CAUSED WHEN TOOLS

ARE:
 Unsuitable
 Defective
 Misused
 Badly Stored
MOST COMMON INJURIES: POWER TOOL PRECAUTIONS:
ELECTRIC TOOLS
 Electrocution
 Burns Employees using electric tools must be aware of several
 Cuts dangers; the most serious is the possibility of
 Strains electrocution.
Among the chief hazards of electric-powered tools are
burns and slight shocks which can lead to injuries or
INJURIES CAUSED BY: even heart failure. Under certain conditions, even a small
 Electric Shock amount of current can result in fibrillation of the heart
 Fires and eventual death. A shock also can cause the user to
 Particles in the eyes fall off a ladder or other elevated work surface.
 Explosions
To protect the user from shock, tools must either have a
 Falls
three-wire cord with ground and be grounded, be double
 Falling tools
insulated, or be powered by a low-voltage isolation
transformer. Three-wire cords contain two current-
carrying conductors and a grounding conductor. One end
POWER TOOL PRECAUTIONS of the grounding conductor connects to the tool's metal
Power tools can be hazardous when improperly used. housing. The other end is grounded through a prong on
There are several types of power tools, based on the the plug. Anytime an adapter is used to accommodate a
power source they use: electric, pneumatic, liquid fuel, two-hole receptacle, the adapter wire must be attached to
hydraulic, and powder- actuated. a known ground. The third prong should never be
removed from the plug.
Employees should be trained in the use of all tools - not
just power tools. They should understand the potential Double insulation is more convenient. The user and the
hazards as well as the safety precautions to prevent those tools are protected in two ways: by normal insulation on
hazards from occurring. the wires inside, and by a housing that cannot conduct
electricity to the operator in the event of a malfunction.
The following general precautions should be observed
by power tool users: These general practices should be followed when using
electric tools:
 Never carry a tool by the cord or hose.
 Never yank the cord or the hose to disconnect it  Electric tools should be operated within their
from the receptacle. design limitations.
 Keep cords and hoses away from heat, oil, and  Gloves and safety footwear are recommended
sharp edges. during use of electric tools.
 Disconnect tools when not in use, before  When not in use, tools should be stored in a dry
servicing, and when changing accessories such place.
as blades, bits and cutters.  Electric tools should not be used in damp or wet
 All observers should be kept at a safe distance locations.
away from the work area.  Work areas should be well lighted.
 Secure work with clamps or a vise, freeing both
hands to operate the tool.
 Avoid accidental starting. The worker should not POWER TOOL PRECAUTIONS:
hold a finger on the switch button while carrying POWERED ABRASIVE WHEEL TOOLS
a plugged-in tool.
Powered abrasive grinding, cutting, polishing, and wire
 Tools should be maintained with care. They
buffing wheels create special safety problems because
should be kept sharp and clean for the best
they may throw off flying fragments.
performance. Follow instructions in the user's
manual for lubricating and changing accessories. Before an abrasive wheel is mounted, it should be
 Be sure to keep good footing and maintain good inspected closely and sound- or ring-tested to be sure
balance. that it is free from cracks or defects. To test, wheels
 The proper apparel should be worn. Loose should be tapped gently with a light non-metallic
clothing, ties, or jewelry can become caught in instrument. If they sound cracked or dead, they could fly
moving parts. apart in operation and so must not be used. A sound and
 All portable electric tools that are damaged shall undamaged wheel will give a clear metallic tone or
be removed from use and tagged "Do Not Use." "ring."
To prevent the wheel from cracking, the user should be
sure it fits freely on the spindle. The spindle nut must be
ELECTRIC TOOLS tightened enough to hold the wheel in place, without
Electric shock id the chief hazard from these tools. distorting the flange. Follow the manufacturer's
recommendations. Care must be taken to assure that the
spindle wheel will not exceed the abrasive wheel
specifications.
Due to the possibility of a wheel disintegrating The manufacturer's recommended safe operating
(exploding) during start-up, the employee should never pressure for hoses, valves, pipes, filters, and other
stand directly in front of the wheel as it accelerates to fittings must not be exceeded.
full operating speed.
JACKS
Portable grinding tools need to be equipped with safety
All jacks-lever and rachet jacks, screw jacks, and
guards to protect workers not only from the moving
hydraulic jacks - must have a device that stops them
wheel surface, but also from flying fragments in case of
from jacking up too high. Also, the manufacturer's load
breakage.
limit must be permanently marked in a prominent place
In addition, when using a powered grinder: on the jack and should not be exceeded.
 Always use eye protection. A jack should never be used to support a lifted load.
 Turn off the power when not in use. Once the load has been lifted, it must immediately be
 Never clamp a hand-held grinder in a vise. blocked up.
Use wooden blocking under the base if necessary to
make the jack level and secure. If the lift surface is
PNEUMATIC TOOLS DANGER:
metal, place a 1-inch-thick hardwood block or equivalent
 Leaving air-line within traffic/pedestrian between it and the metal jack head to reduce the danger
 Leaving tool with air supply switched on of slippage.
To set up a jack, make certain of the following:

POWER TOOL PRECAUTIONS:  the base rests on a firm level surface,

PNEUMATIC TOOLS  the jack is correctly centered,
 the jack head bears against a level surface, and
Pneumatic tools are powered by compressed air and  the lift force is applied evenly.
include chippers, drills, hammers, and sanders.
Proper maintenance of jacks is essential for safety. All
There are several dangers encountered in the use of jacks must be inspected before each use and lubricated
pneumatic tools. The main one is the danger of getting regularly. If a jack is subjected to an abnormal load or
hit by one of the tool's attachments or by some kind of shock, it should be thoroughly examined to make sure it
fastener the worker is using with the tool. has not been damaged.
Eye protection is required and face protection is Hydraulic jacks exposed to freezing temperatures must
recommended for employees working with pneumatic be filled with an adequate antifreeze liquid.
tools.
Noise is another hazard. Working with noisy tools such
as jackhammers requires proper, effective use of hearing POWER TOOL PRECAUTIONS:
protection. POWDER – ACTUATED TOOLS

When using pneumatic tools, employees must check to Powder-actuated tools operate like a loaded gun and
see that they are fastened securely to the hose to prevent should be treated with the same respect and precautions.
them from becoming disconnected. A short wire or In fact, they are so dangerous that they must be operated
positive locking device attaching the air hose to the tool only by specially trained employees.
will serve as an added safeguard.
Safety precautions to remember include the following:
A safety clip or retainer must be installed to prevent
 These tools should not be used in an explosive
attachments, such as chisels on a chipping hammer, from
or flammable atmosphere.
being unintentionally shot from the barrel.
 Before using the tool, the worker should inspect
Screens must be set up to protect nearby workers from it to determine that it is clean, that all moving
being struck by flying fragments around chippers, parts operate freely, and that the barrel is free
riveting guns, staplers, or air drills. from obstructions.
 The tool should never be pointed at anybody.
Compressed air guns should never be pointed toward  The tool should not be loaded unless it is to be
anyone. Users should never "dead end" it against used immediately. A loaded tool should not be
themselves or anyone else. left unattended, especially where it would be
available to unauthorized persons.

POWER TOOL PRECAUTIONS: Hands should be kept clear of the barrel end. To prevent
HYDRAULIC POWER TOOLS the tool from firing accidentally, two separate motions
are required for firing: one to bring the tool into position,
The fluid used in hydraulic power tools must be an and another to pull the trigger. The tools must not be
approved fire-resistant fluid and must retain its operating able to operate until they are pressed against the work
characteristics at the most extreme temperatures to surface with a force of at least 5 pounds greater than the
which it will be exposed. total weight of the tool.
PNEUMATIC TOOLS DANGER: REMINDER: High standard for safety has been
reached – only trained personnel are allowed to use
 Using it to clean machine or clothing
this tools!
 Squeezing the trigger before reaching the work

GASOLINE TOOLS
CARTRIDGE TOOLS
 The gasoline fuel is the main hazard in the use
 Used for fastening fixtures and materials to
of this type of tool.
metal, pre-cast, pre-stressed concrete, masonry,
 The owner’s manual gives complete
block, brick, stone and wood surfaces.
instructions for operating and maintaining this
 Instructions for use, handling and storage can be
tool
just as strict as a firearm.

HAZARD RECOGNITION
POWER TOOL PRECAUTIONS:
POWDER – ACTUATED TOOLS Tools are such a common part of our lives that it is
difficult to remember that they may pose hazards. All
If a powder-actuated tool misfires, the employee should
tools are manufactured with safety in mind but,
wait at least 30 seconds, then try firing it again. If it still
tragically, a serious accident often occurs before steps
will not fire, the user should wait another 30 seconds so
are taken to search out and avoid or eliminate tool-
that the faulty cartridge is less likely to explode, than
related hazards.
carefully remove the load. The bad cartridge should be
put in water. In the process of removing or avoiding the hazards,
workers must learn to recognize the hazards associated
Suitable eye and face protection are essential when using
with the different types of tools and the safety
a powder-actuated tool.
precautions necessary to prevent those hazards.
The muzzle end of the tool must have a protective shield
or guard centered perpendicularly on the barrel to
confine any flying fragments or particles that might BASIC TOOL CHECK:
otherwise create a hazard when the tool is fired. The tool
 Are the tools right for the job?
must be designed so that it will not fire unless it has this
 Are the tools in safe working condition?
kind of safety device.
 Are the tools being used properly?
All powder-actuated tools must be designed for varying  Are the tools kept in a safe place?
powder charges so that the user can select a powder level
necessary to do the work without excessive force.
THE RIGHT TOOL:
If the tool develops a defect during use it should be
tagged and taken out of service immediately until it is  Select the appropriate and efficient tool for the
properly repaired. job
 Tools must not be substituted for another tool
FASTENERS
improperly
When using powder-actuated tools to apply fasteners,
there are some precautions to consider. Fasteners must
not be fired into material that would let them pass HAND TOOLS SAFETY TIPS:
through to the other side. The fastener must not be
driven into materials like brick or concrete any closer  Keep tools clean
than 3 inches to an edge or comer. In steel, the fastener  Check tools for good working condition
must not come any closer than one-half inch from a  Do not use excessive force on the tool
comer or edge. Fasteners must not be driven into very  Wear appropriate PPE
hard or brittle materials which might chip or splatter, or  Use the right size and type for the job
make the fastener ricochet.  Carry tools in tool box, bag or belt

An alignment guide must be used when shooting a

fastener into an existing hole. A fastener must not be TOOL BOXES & TOOL BAG
driven into a spalled area caused by an unsatisfactory
fastening.  Do not use if your hands are wet or if standing
on wet surfaces
 Tools should be grounded
DANGERS:
 Freeshots
 Ricochet
 Projectiles fired through the work
 Atmosphere causing explosion
POWER TOOL PRECAUTIONS: USING ANY TOOLS:
GUARDS
 Make sure that you know how to use the tool
Hazardous moving parts of a power tool need to be properly
safeguarded. For example, belts, gears, shafts, pulleys,  If tools are misused, it can result in injury or
sprockets, spindles, drums, fly wheels, chains, or other spoiled work
reciprocating, rotating, or moving parts of equipment
THE USE OF PPE
must be guarded if such parts are exposed to contact by
employees.  Because power tools often come into close
contact with the body, wearing the appropriate
Guards, as necessary, should be provided to protect the
personal protective equipment is necessary to
operator and others from the following:
prevent personal injury
 point of operation,
 in-running nip points,
 rotating parts, and GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
 flying chips and sparks.
Employees who use hand and power tools and who are
Safety guards must never be removed when a tool is exposed to the hazards of falling, flying, abrasive and
being used. For example, portable circular saws must be splashing objects, or exposed to harmful dusts, fumes,
equipped with guards. An upper guard must cover the mists, vapors, or gases must be provided with the
entire blade of the saw. A retractable lower guard must particular personal equipment necessary to protect them
cover the teeth of the saw, except when it makes contact from the hazard.
with the work material. The lower guard must
automatically return to the covering position when the All hazards involved in the use of power tools can be
tool is withdrawn from the work. prevented by following five basic safety rules:
 Keep all tools in good condition with regular
maintenance.
PORTABLE POWER TOOLS SAFETY TIPS:  Use the right tool for the job.
 Examine each tool for damage before use.
 Extension cords should not run across aisles or
 Operate according to the manufacturer's
through water or soil
instructions.
 Do not attempt to repair defective tools
 Provide and use the proper protective
equipment.
POWER TOOL PRECAUTIONS: Employees and employers have a responsibility to work
SAFETY SWITCHES together to establish safe working procedures. If a
hazardous situation is encountered, it should be brought
The following hand-held powered tools must be
to the attention of the proper individual immediately.
equipped with a momentary contact "on-off" control
switch: drills, tappers, fastener drivers, horizontal,
vertical and angle grinders with wheels larger than 2
CONCLUSION:
inches in diameter, disc and belt sanders, reciprocating
saws, saber saws, and other similar tools. These tools Use the right tool for the job. They bite back when
also may be equipped with a lock-on control provided used the wrong way!
that turn-OFF can be accomplished by a single motion of
the same finger or fingers that turn it ON. The following
hand-held powered tools may be equipped with only a
positive "ON-OFF" control switch: platen sanders, disc
sanders with discs 2 inches or less in diameter; grinders
with wheels 2 inches or less in diameter; routers, planers,
laminate trimmers, nibblers, shears, scroll saws and
jigsaws with blade shanks 1/4- inch wide or less.
Other hand-held powered tools such as circular saws
having a blade diameter greater than 2 inches, chain
saws, and percussion tools without positive accessory
holding means must be equipped with a constant
pressure switch that will shut off the power when the
pressure is released.

PORTABLE POWER TOOLS SAFETY TIPS:

 In case of overheating, turn off power.