CCNA Routing & Switching 200-125

What is the network?

Is a group of computers that are connected together to
communicate and share resources such as a file, printers,
data, applications and Email.

Benefits :
- Sharing Resources
- Remotely Login
- Centralize administrative

What are the network types (LAN, MAN, WAN)?

- Local Area Networks - (LAN)

Are self –contained networks that are spans a small area, such as a single building, floor or room
- Wide Area Networks - (WAN)
Which covers an area equivalent to a city
- Metropolitan Area Networks - (MAN)
Is a network that spans multiple geographic locations

What is the internet?

(Inter Connect Network) Is the single largest global wan, linking virtually every Country, continent and
organizations in the world.

Network Architectures
Peer To Peer Network ‫شبكة الــند الى الند‬
host to host, all computers are client and server in same
time
Client / Server ‫العميل و الخادم‬
Just Authorized Persons can access network and sharing
resources

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Physical Network Topologies

 Bus topology :
All computers are connected in one line and all devices
sharing same media Problems: collision
Solution: CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access\
collision detection) Reduces the collision and jamming
signal Bandwidth: 10 MB/S

 Star topology:
A star network uses a central server, switch, hub, MAU, access point To
route data between clients

 Ring topology:
Connects computers in a circle of point-to-point connections, with no
central server, such as a series of desktop computers in an office. Each
node handles its own applications and also shares resources over the
entire network Bandwidth 45MB/S
Pc will load data and load address __ Wanted pc : match address, copy
data, repeat signal, mark taken, and release taken Logical topology
Physical topology with MAU

 Hybrid and mesh topology: not important useless

Not important useless

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What is the right topology?

Cost, easy installation, easy maintenance, cable fault tolerance
What is the building blocks there are used to construct network are?
 Nods: is any device that can connect to the network and can generate, process, or transfer network
data
 Backbone: is the highest –speed transmission path that carries the majority of the network data
 Segment: is any discrete physical subdivision of a network such as hubs, switches and routers
 Subnet: is a portion of a network that shares a common network address

Physical Media (Cables)

1- Coaxial Cable
- Thick : Speed 10 Mbps , Destination 500 M (10Base5)
- Thin : Speed 10 Mbps , Destination 185 M (10Base2)

2- Twisted Pair Cable (10Base T)

Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) Shielded twisted pair (STP)

‫وهي تتكون من أسالك ملتوية داخل غطاء بالستيكي بسيط‬ ‫وهي عباره عن أزواج من االسالك الملتوية محمية بطبقة من‬
‫القصدير ثم بغالف بالستيكي خارجي‬
:‫ فئات مشزور هي‬6 ‫ إلى‬UTP ‫الـ‬
‫ هذه الفئه تستخدم لنقل الصوت فقط وال تستخدم لنقل البيانات‬Cat 1
.‫ ميجابت‬4 ‫ هذه الفئه تستخدم لنقل البيانات بسرعه تصل إلى‬Cat2
.‫ ميجابت‬01 ‫ هذه الفئه تستخدم لنقل البيانات بسرعة تصل إلى‬Cat3
.‫ ميجابت‬01 ‫ هذه الفئه تستخدم لنقل البيانات بسرعة تصل إلى‬Cat4
.‫ ميجابت‬011 ‫ هذه الفئه تستخدم لنقل البيانات بسرعة تصل إلى‬Cat5
‫ ميجابت اعتمادا على‬0111 ‫ هذه الفئه تستخدم لنقل البيانات بسرعةقد تصل إلى‬Cat5
.‫طول السلك و نوعية السوتش‬
‫ ميجابت و أكثر‬0111 ‫ هذه الفئه تستخدم لنقل البيانات بسرعة تصل إلى‬Cat6
: ‫ في أمرين‬UTP ‫ على‬STP ‫و تتفوق كابالت‬
.‫ أقل عرضة للتداخل الكترومغناطيسي‬-
.‫ تستطيع دعم اإلرسال لمسافات أبعد‬-
.‫ في بعض الظروف توفر سرعات بث أكبر‬-

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:‫ عاد في الحاالت التالية‬UTP ‫ و تستخدم الكابالت الملتوية‬-
.‫ عندما ا يكون هناك الحاجة إلى ميزانية محدود للشبكة‬-
.‫ وعندما ا يكون هناك حاجة لتوفير سزولة و بساطة في التركيب‬-

Wiring of UTP cables:

Straight through Cross over

MIDI (media independent interface) (PC, server, MIDIX (Switch, HUB)
router) (1, 2) receive & (3, 6) transmit
(1, 2) transmit & (3, 6) receive

3- Fiber Optic Cable

Transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical
fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information

Single mode Multi-mode

- Small core (8-10 micro - Large core than single
meter) mode (50-62 micro meter)
- Less dispersion - Large dispersion
- use laser as light source - use LED as source light
- used for long distance - Short distance than single
connection (up to 10 KM) mode (2 KM)

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Connectors:
- Straight tip (ST) (multi-mode)
- Subscriber connector (SC) (single mode)
- Lucent connector (LC) (single mode
&multi-mode)

Network Devices
 Hub :
Non Intelligent switch the hub allows each device to talk to the others. Hubs are
such simple devices, they require no configuration, and have no manuals
 Only one host can transmit or receive at a time (half duplex)
 All devices on same collision domain and broadcast domain.
 All other hosts receive message and only one host accept it.
 Working In physical layer
 Sharing for Bandwidth

 Collision problem: a collision occurred if two devices

or more send data at same time
 Collision solution: (carrier sense multiple access\
collision detection)
 CSMA/CD: used at Ethernet network
 CSMA/CA (collision avoidance): used at 802.11
wireless

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 Switch : (Contain Buffer)

 Each port has its collision domain , All ports

on same broadcast domain
 Can transmit and receive on same time (full
duplex)
 Can read destination MAC address so each Half Duplex : Transmit Or Receive
device can send data to specific device (Unicast) Simple Duplex : Transmit Or Receive
 Working In physical layer and Data link Layer In same cable
 Has Mac Address Table Full Duplex : Transmit Ond Receive

Unicast: send data to specific host

Multicast: send data to a group of hosts
Broadcast: send data to all hosts on same LAN
Any Cast: send data to Shortest Way host

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 Repeater
 Is a device that regenerates a signal to improve transmission distance

 Router
 Connecting more than different subnets
 Define best way to send data
 Not allow to send Broadcast But just send
unicast
 Has CLI (Command Line Interface) and IOS to
programming it

 Bridge
 First smart devices Which dealing with MAC Address to eliminate Collision
 Send data by Unicast . Not Broadcast

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How To Get Internet !!!!

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