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CIT-3200 Data Communication

This document is a chapter from a textbook on data communication and networking. It introduces fundamental concepts such as data flow types, network criteria, physical structures, and network types. Specifically, it defines simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex data flows. It describes performance metrics like throughput and delay. It also outlines common physical topologies like mesh, star, bus and ring. Finally, it distinguishes between local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs) and other network types.

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Osama Shaqaqi
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51 views

CIT-3200 Data Communication

This document is a chapter from a textbook on data communication and networking. It introduces fundamental concepts such as data flow types, network criteria, physical structures, and network types. Specifically, it defines simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex data flows. It describes performance metrics like throughput and delay. It also outlines common physical topologies like mesh, star, bus and ring. Finally, it distinguishes between local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs) and other network types.

Uploaded by

Osama Shaqaqi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CIT-3200

Data Communication
‫اتصاالت البيانات‬
Chapter 2 – Basic Concepts

Faculty of Computer and Information Systems


Islamic University of Madinah

Disclaimer: These slides are originally from the author of the book, “Data Communication and Networking”, by Behrouz A. Forouzan
Course Outcome

• Describe Data Communication’s various standards and fundamental


concepts (CO-1).

• Assessments
• Quiz 01
• Midterm Exam
• Final Exam

CIT-3200 Da ta Communication - ‫اتصاالت البيانات‬ 2


Data Flow

• Simplex
• Half-duplex
• Full-duplex

CIT-3200 Da ta Communication - ‫اتصاالت البيانات‬ 3


Features of Network

• Network criteria
• Performance
• Throughput: refers to how much data can be transferred from source to
destination within a given timeframe. Throughput measures how many packets
arrive at their destinations successfully. For the most part, throughput capacity is
measured in bits per second, but it can also be measured in data per second
• Delay: means the time for which the processing of a particular packet takes
place.
• Reliability
• Security

• Physical structure
• Types of Connection
• Physical Topology

CIT-3200 Da ta Communication - ‫اتصاالت البيانات‬ 4


Types of Connections (Links)

• Links
• Point-to-point link
• Multipoint (point-to-multipoint) link, shared links

CIT-3200 Da ta Communication - ‫اتصاالت البيانات‬ 5


Physical Topology

• Physical Topology refers to the way in which a network is laid out


physically
• It is the geometric representation of the relationship of all the links
and linking devices
• Two or more nodes connect to a link
• Two or more links form a Topology
• Four basic topologies
• Mesh
• Star (and Tree)
• Bus
• Ring

CIT-3200 Da ta Communication - ‫اتصاالت البيانات‬ 6


Mesh Topology

• Full mesh
• Each node is connected to every other node
• Very reliable, but
• Quite expensive
Example:
If there are n nodes in the network, we need:
n=5
(i) n(n-1)/2 links # of links = 10
(ii) (n-1) interfaces # of interfaces = 4

• Partial mesh
• Not all the nodes are connected

CIT-3200 Da ta Communication - ‫اتصاالت البيانات‬ 7


Star Topology

• Each end node is connected to a central controller (hub) node with


• Point-to-point links
• No connection between end nodes

CIT-3200 Da ta Communication - ‫اتصاالت البيانات‬ 8


Bus Topology

• Each end node is connected to


• A backbone cable
• Using multipoint links
• No more used in modern networks

CIT-3200 Da ta Communication - ‫اتصاالت البيانات‬ 9


Ring Topology

• Networking nodes daisy-chained connection using


• Point-to-point link
• End nodes are connected to networking nodes get the data on the
ring
• Used in Optical Fibre network in WANs

CIT-3200 Da ta Communication - ‫اتصاالت البيانات‬ 10


Hybrid Topology

• Combination of more than one basic topology


• More practical
• Tree topology is an extended star

CIT-3200 Da ta Communication - ‫اتصاالت البيانات‬ 11


Network Types

• Local Area Network (LAN)

• Wide Area Network (WAN)

• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

• Personal Area Network (PAN)

CIT-3200 Da ta Communication - ‫اتصاالت البيانات‬ 12


LAN

• A Local Area Network (LAN) is usually privately owned and connects some hosts in a single
office, building, or campus
• Depending on the needs of an organization,
• A LAN can be as simple as two PCs and a printer in someone’s home office, or
• It can extend throughout a company and include audio and video devices
• Each host in a LAN has an identifier, an address, that uniquely defines the host in the LAN
• A packet sent by a host to another host carries both the source host’s and the destination
host’s addresses

CIT-3200 Da ta Communication - ‫اتصاالت البيانات‬ 13


WAN

• A wide area network (WAN) is also an connection of devices capable


of communication
• Some differences of LAN and WAN:

LAN WAN

Limited in size Wider geographic span (town, city, country,


world)
Privately own and operated Operated for business, leased by customers

Interconnects host like PCs, servers Interconnects networking devices like


switches, routers, modems
Can use point-to-point or multipoint links Usually uses point-to-point links

CIT-3200 Da ta Communication - ‫اتصاالت البيانات‬ 14


WAN Links
• Point-to-point WAN link

• Switched WAN

CIT-3200 Da ta Communication - ‫اتصاالت البيانات‬ 15


A Practical Examples of Interconnection

• An internetwork made of two LANs and one WAN

CIT-3200 Da ta Communication - ‫اتصاالت البيانات‬ 16


Heterogeneous Network Made of WANs and
LANs

CIT-3200 Da ta Communication - ‫اتصاالت البيانات‬ 17


Key Terms

• Simplex, half-duplex, full-duplex


• Point-to-point link, point-to-multipoint link
• Topologies: Mesh, Star, Bus, Ring, Tree, Hybrid
• LAN, WAN, MAN, PAN

• See the online Quiz of textbook


• https://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0073376221/student_view0/chapt
er1/quizzes.html
• Solutions
• https://highered.mheducation.com/sites/dl/free/0073376221/931912/Chap
_01.pdf

CIT-3200 Da ta Communication - ‫اتصاالت البيانات‬ 18

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