Steel Design of Truss

BS Civil Engineering (Batangas State

University)

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WIN
D
LOA
D
COM
PUT
A
TION

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WIND LOAD COMPUTATION

1. Occupancy Category (Table 103-1 of NSCP 2015)

IV – Standard Occupancy Structure

2. Basic Wind Load (Figure 207A.5-1A of NSCP 2015)

Batangas Province: V = 250 kph

3. Wind Load Parameters

a. Wind Directionality Factor, Kd (Table 207A.6-1 of NSCP 2015)

Structure Type: Building Main Wind Force Resisting System

Kd = 0.85

b. Exposure Category (Section 207A.7.3 of NSCP 2015)

Exposure C

c. Topographic Factor, Kzt (Section 207A.8 of NSCP 2015)

Kzt = 1.0

d. Gust Effect Factor, G (Section 207A.9.1 of NSCP 2015)

Since, Rigid Building

G = 0.85

e. Enclosure Classification (Section 207A.10 of NSCP 2015)

Enclosed Building

f. Internal Pressure Coefficient GCpi (Table 207A.11-1 of NSCP 2015)

Enclosed Building

Walls & Roofs: GCpi = +0.18, -0.18

4. Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient, Kz (Table 207B.3-1 of NSCP 2015)

Height above ground level, z = 21.713m

kz = 2.01 (z/zg)2/α

= 2.01 (21.713/274.32)2/9.5
B
kz = 1.1784

5. Velocity Pressure, qz (Section 207E.3 of NSCP 2015)

qz = 0.613 kzkztkdV2 (Equation 207B.3-1 ofNSCP 2015)

L
2
= 0.613(1.1784)(1.0)(0.85)[(250 kph)(1000m/1km)(1hr/3600s)]

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 qz = 2961.0596 N/m2

= 2.9611 kPa

6. External Pressure Coefficient, Cp (Sec. 207B.4 of NSCP 2015)

a. Monoslope Roof, Roof angle θ = 6°

L = 14m -horizontal dimension of building measured parallel to the wind

direction B = 20m -horizontal dimension of building measured normal to wind

direction
Windward Leeward
L/B = 0.7

Mean Roof Height, h θ

h = 20.8565m
Windward h Leeward
h/L = 1.4898
b. Roof Pressure Coefficients, Cp, for use with
L
qh = 0.613 kzkztkdV2 (Equation 207B.3-1 ofNSCP

2015)

= 0.613(1.1685)(1.0)(0.85)[(250 kph)(1000m/1km)(1hr/3600s)]2

qh = 2936.08 Pa

qh = 2.9361 kPa

• Normal to Ridge for 6⁰ < 10⁰

Windward:

(NSCP 2015, 7th edition, Table in 207B.4-1)

CpRoof = -0.7 , -0.18

7. Roof Pressure, PRoof (Sec. 207E.4 of NSCP 2015)

P = qh (GCp – (GCpi)) (Equation 207E.4-1 of NSCP 2015)

Using (G= 0.85, Cp= -0.7, GCpi= +0.18)

Pwindward = qz (GCp – (GCpi))

Pwindward = 2.9611 kN/m2 [0.85 (-0.7) – (+0.18)]

Pwindward = -2.2949 kPa

Using (G= 0.85, Cp= -0.7, GCpi= -0.18)

Pwindward = qz (GCp – (GCpi))

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 Pwindward = 2.9611 kN/m2 [0.85 (-0.7) – (-0.18)]

Pwindward = -1.2289 kPa

Using (G= 0.85, Cp= -0.18, GCpi= +0.18)

Pwindward = qz (GCp – (GCpi))

Pwindward = 2.9611 kN/m2 [0.85 (-0.18) – (+0.18)]

Pwindward = -0.9860 kPa

Using (G= 0.85, Cp= -0.18, GCpi= -0.18)

Pwindward = qz (GCp – (GCpi))

Pwindward = 2.9611 kN/m2 [0.85 (-0.18) – (-0.18)]

Pwindward = +0.0799 kPa

Therefore, use PRoofLeeward = -2.2949 kPa.

Wall Pressure, PWall (Sec. 207E.4 of NSCP 2015)

P = qz (GCp – (GCpi)) (Equation 207E.4-1 of NSCP 2015)

• Windward

Using (G= 0.85, Cp= 0.8, GCpi= +0.18)

Pwindward = qz (GCp – (GCpi))

Pwindward = 2.9611 kN/m2 [0.85 (0.8) – (+0.18)]

Pwindward = 1.4806 kPa

Using (G= 0.85, Cp= 0.8, GCpi= -0.18)

Pwindward = qz (GCp – (GCpi))

Pwindward = 2.9611 kN/m2 [0.85 (0.8) – (-0.18)]

Pwindward = 2.5465 kPa

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 Therefore, use PWallWindward = 2.5465 kPa.

• Leeward

Using (G= 0.85, Cp= -0.5, GCpi= +0.18)

Pleeward = qh (GCp – (GCpi))

Pleeward = 2.9361 kN/m2 [0.85 (-0.5) – (+0.18)]

Pleeward = -1.7763 kPa

Using (G= 0.85, Cp= -0.5, GCpi= -0.18)

Pleeward = qh (GCp – (GCpi))

Pleeward = 2.9361 kN/m2 [0.85 (-0.5) – (-0.18)]

Pleeward = -0.7193 kPa

Therefore, use PWallLeeward = -1.7763 kPa.

• Side Wall

Using (G= 0.85, Cp= -0.7, GCpi= +0.18)

PSidewall = qh (GCp – (GCpi))

PSidewall = 2.9361 kN/m2 [0.85 (-0.5) – (+0.18)]

PSidewall = -2.2755 kPa

Using (G= 0.85, Cp= -0.5, GCpi= -0.18)

PSidewall = qh (GCp – (GCpi))

PSidewall = 2.9361 kN/m2 [0.85 (-0.5) – (-0.18)]

PSidewall = -1.2185 kPa

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 ROO
F
TRUS
S
ANA
LYSI
S

PURLINS USED

Properties of LC 100 x 50 x 15 x 4.5

Theoretical Mass = 6.81 kg/m

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 Area = 867 mm2

Ix-x = 1241 x 103 mm4

Sx-x = 24.8 x 103 mm3

rx = 37.8 mm

r = 9.0 mm

x = 16.70 mm

Iy-y = 238 x 103 mm4

Sy-y = 7.10 x 103 mm3

ry = 16.60 mm

FOR ROOF TRUSS LOADS

Bay width = 2.0m

Tributary area
Maximum tributary length (truss spacing) = 2.00 m

Maximum tributary width = 1.20 m

A = Maximum tributary length x Maximum tributary width
A = (2.00 m) (1.20 m) = 2.4 m2 (most critical)

Roof Live Load (RLL)

From Table 205-3 Minimum Roof Live Loads (NSCP 2015), when tributary area is 0 to

20 m2 (Case 1), use Uniform load = 1 kPa, therefore

WLL = (uniform load)(tributary area)

For Roof live load, see NSCP 2015, 7th edition, Table in 205-3

Where:
Tributary Area = TA
TA1 = 2m x 1.6091m TA2 = 2m x 2.0114m TA3 = TA1 = 2m x 1.6091m

RLL1 = 1 kPa x TA1

RLL1 = 1 kPa (2m x 1.6091m) = 3.2182
kN RLL2 = 1 kPa x TA2
RLL2 = 1 kPa (2m x 2.0114m) = 4.0228

kN RLL3 = 1 kPa x TA3

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RLL3 = 1 kPa (2m x 1.6091m) = 3.2182 kN

Roof Dead Load (RDL)

Roof Dead Load (RDL) Computation

DL Roof sheet = 0.05 kPa from NSCP 2015 Table 204-2
DL Purlins = 0.0334 kPa from ASEP Steel Handbook,
use
LC 100x50x15x4.5 wherein theoretical mass is 6.81
kg/
m
DL Purlins = (Theoretical mass)(9.81m/s2)(1/bay width)

DL Purlins = (6.81 kg/m)(9.81m/s2/1000)(1/2m)

= 0.0334 kN/m

WDL = DL Roof sheet + DL Purlins

= 0.05 kPa + 0.0334
kPa

WDL = 0.0834 kPa

Roofing Dead Load= RDL x Tributary Area
Where: Tributary Area = TA
TA1 = 2m x 1.6091m TA2 = 2m x 2.0114 m TA3 = 2m x 1.6091m

RDL1= RDL x TA1

RDL1 = 0.0834kPa (2 m * 1.6091 m) = 0.2684 kN

RDL2= RDL x TA2

RDL2 = 0.0834kPa (2 m * 2.0114 m) = 0.3355 kN

RDL3= RDL x TA3

RDL3 = 0.0834kPa (2 m * 1.6091 m) = 0.2684 kN

COMBINATION OF LOADS
Factored Roof Load
P = [1.2(Dead Load) + 1.6(Live Load)]
P = [1.2(WDL) + 1.6(WLL)]
where: WDL (see computation for Total Dead Load, page 8);
WLL (see computation for Roof Live Load, page 8)
P1 = [1.2(0.2684 ) + 1.6(3.2182)]

= 5.4712 KN

P2 = [1.2(0.3355 ) + 1.6(4.0228)]

= 6.8391 KN

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 8

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P3 = [1.2(0.2684 ) + 1.6(3.2182 )]

= 5.4712 KN

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WIND LOAD AT LEFT FACE OF THE TRUSS

Figure 3. Location of wind loads on the left face of the truss

FACTORED WIND LOAD:

W = 0.5 ( WL)(Tributary

Area) Wherein,
W = Wind load perpendicular to the surface
WL = wind pressure on leeward direction
= -2.2949 kPa (see computation on page 5)
( for the tributary area, see figure 1 on page 2 )

Where:
Tributary Area = TA
TA1 = 2m x 1.6091m TA2 = 5m x 2.0114 m TA3 = 2m x 1.6091m

W1 = 0.5(WL )(TA1)

= 0.5 (-2.2949 kPa) kN/m2 (2 m) (1.6091 m)

= -3.6927 kN

W2 = 0.5 (WL)(TA2)

= 0.5 (-2.2949) kN/m2 (2 m) (2.0114 m)

= -4.616 kN

W3 = 0.5(WL )(TA3)

= 0.5 (-2.2949 kPa) kN/m2 (2 m) (1.6091 m)

= -3.6927 kN

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Factored Roof Loads and Factored Wind Loads for left and right faces of truss are shown
below.

Figure 4. Values of Factored Roof Loads and Factored Wind Loads

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COMPUTATION OF SELF-WEIGHT OF ROOF TRUSS MEMBERS
(Refer to Strength of Materials by Pytel & Singer, Appendix B-6 for the properties of Unequal
Angle Sections: SI Units)

Top Chord Bottom Chord Diagonal Web Members Vertical Web Members
Using 2 - L 90 x 65 x 10 Using L 90 x 75 x 10 Using L 80 x 60 x 8 Using L 80 x 60 x 6
Properties: Properties: Properties: Properties:
m = 22.8 kg/m m = 12.2 kg/m m = 8.29 kg/m m = 6.31 kg/m
A = 2900 mm² A = 1550 mm² A = 1060 mm² A = 804 mm²
Ix-x = 1.16 x 106 mm4 Ix-x = 1.22 x 106 mm4 Ix-x = 0.67 x 106 mm4 Ix-x = 0.522 x 106 mm4
Sx-x = 19.2 x 10³ mm³ Sx-x = 19.7 x 10³ mm³ Sx-x = 12.4 x 10³ mm³ Sx-x = 9.50 x 10³ mm³
rx-x = 28.3 mm rx-x = 28.0 mm rx-x = 25.2 mm rx-x = 25.5 mm
y = 29.8 mm y = 28.2 mm y = 25.8 mm y = 25.1 mm
Iy-y = 0.507 x 106 mm4 Iy-y = 0.767 x 106 mm4 Iy-y = 0.324 x 106 mm4 Iy-y = 0.254 x 106 mm4
Sy-y = 10.6 x 10³ mm³ Sy-y = 14.1 x 10³ mm³ Sy-y = 7.33 x 10³ mm³ Sy-y = 5.66 x 10³ mm³
ry-y = 18.,7 mm ry-y = 22.2 mm ry-y = 17.5 mm ry-y = 17.8 mm
x = 17.3 mm x = 20.7 mm x = 15.8 mm x = 15.1 mm

Self-weight of top Self-weight of bottom Self-weight of diagonal Self-weight of vertical

chords, chords, web members, web members,
WAB = mg WAX = mg WBW = mg WBX = mg
WAB = (22.8 kg/m) (9.81 WAB = (12.2 kg/m) (9.81 WAB = (8.29 kg/m) (9.81 WBX = (6.31 kg/m) (9.81
m/s²) m/s²) m/s²) m/s²)
WAB = 223.67 N/m WAX = 119.68 WBW = 81.32 N/m WBX = 61.90 N/m
WAB = 0.22 KN/m N/m WAX = 0.12 WBW = 0.08 KN/m WBX = 0.06 KN/m
KN/m

Therefore, due to Therefore, due to Therefore, due to Therefore, due to

symmetry, symmetry, symmetry, symmetry,
(see figure 5, page 13) (see figure 5, page 13) (see figure 5, page 13) (see figure 5, page 13)
WAB = WBC = WCD = WAX = WWX = WBW = WCV = WDU WBX = WCW = WDV
WDE = WEF =WFG = WVW =WUV =WTU = WET = WFS = = WEU =WFT = WGS
WGH = WHI = WIJ = = WST = WRS= WHS = WIR = WJQ = = WHR = WIQ = WJP
WJK = WKL = WLM WQR = WPQ =WOP WKP = WLO = WKO = WLN
= WNO =WMN

Length of top chords (LAB, LBC, LCD, LDE, LEF, LFG, LGH, LHI, LIJ, LJK, LKL, LLM) = 2.04 m
Length of bottom chords (LAX, LWX, LVW, LUV, LTU, LST, LRS, LQR, LPQ, LOP, LNO, LMN) = 2 m
Length of vertical web members:
Length of diagonal web members:
(LBX, LLN) = 0.4 m
(LBW, LLO) = 2.4 m (LCV,
(LCW, LKO) = 0.8 m
LKP) = 2.16 m (LDU, LJQ)
(LDV, LJP) = 1.2 m
= 2.34 m (LET, LIR) =
(LEU, LIQ) = 1.6 m
2.56 m (LFS, LHS) =
(LFT, LHR) = 2 m LGS
= 2.4 m
2.83 m

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DEAD LOADS OF ROOF TRUSS MEMBERS, DL
Use: Dead Load, DL = (Self-Weight, W) (Member Length, L)
*For self-weight (W) and member length (L), see Computation of Self-Weight of Roof Truss
Members, page 11

Dead Load for Top Chords:

DLAB = (WAB)(LAB) = (0.22 KN/m)(2.04 m) = 0.45 KN
Therefore, due to symmetry: DLAB = DLBC = DLCD = DLDE = DLEF = DLFG = DLGH =
DLHI = DLIJ = DLJK = DLKL = DLLM = 0.45 KN

Dead Load for Bottom Chords:

DLAX = (WAX)(LAX) = (0.12 N/m)(2 m) = 0.24 KN
Therefore, due to symmetry: DLAX = DLWX = DLVW = DLUV = DLTU = DLST = DLRS =
DLQR = DLPQ = DLOP = DLNO = DLMN = 0.24 KN

Dead Load for Vertical Web Members:

DLBX = (WBX)(LBX) = (0.06 N/m)(0.4 m) = 0.02 KN
Therefore, due to symmetry: DLBX = DLLN = 0.02 KN
DLCW = (WCW)(LCW) = (0.06 N/m)(0.8 m) = 0.05 KN
Therefore, due to symmetry: DLCW = DLKO = 0.05 KN
DLDV = (WDV)(LDV) = (0.06 N/m)(1.2 m) = 0.07 KN
Therefore, due to symmetry: DLDV = DLJP = 0.07 KN
DLEU = (WEU)(LEU) = (0.06 N/m)(1.6 m) = 0.1 KN
Therefore, due to symmetry: DLEU = DLIQ = 0.1 KN
DLFT = (WFT)(LFT) = (0.06 N/m)(2 m) = 0.12 KN
Therefore, due to symmetry: DLFT = DLHR = 0.12 KN
DLGS = (WGS)(LGS) = (0.06 N/m)(2.4 m) = 0.14 KN

Dead Load for Diagonal Web Members:

DLBW = (WBW)(LBW) = (0.08 N/m)(2.04 m) = 0.16 KN
Therefore, due to symmetry: DLBW = DLLO = 0.16 KN
DLCV = (WCV)(LCV) = (0.08 N/m)(2.16 m) = 0.17 KN
Therefore, due to symmetry: DLCV = DLKP = 0.17 KN
DLDU = (WDU)(LDU) = (0.08 N/m)(2.34 m) = 0.19 KN
Therefore, due to symmetry: DLDU = DLJQ = 0.19 KN

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DLET = (WET)(LET) = (0.08 N/m)(2.56 m) = 0.20 KN
Therefore, due to symmetry: DLET = DLIR = 0.20 KN
DLFS = (WFS)(LFS) = (0.08 N/m)(2.83 m) = 0.23 KN
Therefore, due to symmetry: DLFS = DLHS = 0.23 KN

FACTORED DEAD LOADS OF ROOF TRUSS MEMBERS, FDL

2.04 m

2.04 m

2m 2m 2m 2m

Figure 5. Variables of Factored Dead Loads of Roof Truss Members

*For the values of DL, see Dead Loads of Roof Truss Members, page 12 ,13
At Joint A

FDLA = 1.2 ( ( DLAB )

2
+
( DLAX )
2
) 2DL_AB/2+DL_AX/2

0.24 KN
(0. .45 KN )
FDLA + .2(0..45 KN)/2+0.24 KN)/22(0..45 KN)/2+0.24 KN)/2
= 2¿
1.2 ( ¿¿ 2)
FDLA = 0.28 KN

Therefore, due to symmetry: FDLA = FDLM = 0.28 KN

At Joint X

FDLX= 1.2 ( ( DLAX )

2
+
2
( DLBX )
+
2
( DLWX )
)
2DL_AX/2+DL_BX/2+DL_WX/2

( )
(0.24 KN ) (0.02 KN ) ( 0.24 KN )
FDLX= 1.2 + + 20.24 KN/2+0.02 KN/2+0.24 KN/2
2 2 2

FDLX= 0.32 KN
Therefore, due to symmetry: FDLX = FDLN = 0.32 KN

At Joint B

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 (( )
DLAB ) ( DLBX ) ( DLBW ) ( DLBC)
FDLB= 1.2 2 +2 2+ 2 + 2DL_AB/2+DL_BX/2+DL_BW/2+DL_BC/2.
2DL_AB/2+DL_BX/2+DL_BW/2+DL_BC/2

FDLB= 1.2 ( (0.45 KN )

2
+
(0.02 KN )

2
+
(0.16 KN )

2
+
2
(0.45 KN )
) 20.45 KN/2+0.02 KN/2+0.16

KN/2+0.45
KN/2

FDLB= 0.28 KN
Therefore, due to symmetry: FDLB = FDLL = 0.28 KN

At Joint W

FDLW= 1.2 ( ( DLWX )

2
+
2
( DLBW ) ( DLCW )
2
+
2
+
( DLVW )
) 2DL_WX/2+DL_BW/2+DL_CW/2+DL_V

W/2

FDLW= 1.2 ( (0.242 KN )

KN/2+0.05KN/2+0.24 KN/2
+
( 0.16
2 KN ) (0.05 KN ) (20.24 KN )
+ 2 + ) 20.24 KN/2+0.16

FDLW= 0.36 KN
Therefore, due to symmetry: FDLW = FDLO = 0.36 KN

At Joint C

FDLC= 1.2
2 ( +
( DLBC)
2
( DLCW ) ( DLCV ) ( DLCD )
2
+
2
+ )
2DL_BC/2+DL_CW/2+DL_CV/2+DL_CD/2

( )
(0.45 KN ) (0.05 KN ) ( 0.17 KN ) (0.45 KN )
FDLC= 1.2 + + + 20.45 KN/2+0.05 KN/2+0.17
2 2 2 2
KN/2+0.45 KN/2

FDLC= 0.29 KN
Therefore, due to symmetry: FDLC = FDLK = 0.29 KN

At Joint V

FDLV= 1.2 ( ( D LVW )

2
+
2
( D LCV ) ( D LDV )
2
+
2
+
( D LUV )
) 2DL_VW/2+DL_CV/2+DL_DV/2+DL_UV

/2

FDLV= 1.2 ( (0.24 KN )

2
+
(0.17 KN )

2
+
( 0.07 KN )

2
+
2
(0.24 KN )
) 20.24 KN/2+0.17 KN/2+0.07

KN/2+0.24
KN/2

FDLV= 0.37 KN
Therefore, due to symmetry: FDLV = FDLP = 0.37 KN

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At Joint D

FDLD= 1.2 ( ( D LDC )

2
+
( D LDV )
2 2
+
( D LDU ) ( D LDE )
2
+ ) 2DL_DC/2+DL_DV/2+DL_DU/2+DL_DE

/2

FDLD= 1.2 ((0.452 KN ) + (0.07

2
KN ) ( 0.19 KN ) (0.45 KN )
+
2
+
2
) 20.45 KN/2+0.07 KN/2+0.19

KN/2+0.45 KN/2

FDLD= 0.30 KN
Therefore, due to symmetry: FDLD = FDLJ = 0.30 KN

At Joint U

(( )
D LUV ) ( D LDU ) ( D LEU ) ( D LTU )
FDLU= 1.2 + + + 2DL_UV/2+DL_DU/2+DL_EU/2+DL_TU
2 2 2 2
/2

( )
(0.24 KN ) (0.19 KN ) (0.10 KN ) (0.24 KN )
FDLU= 1.2 + + + 20.24 KN/2+0.19 KN/2+0.10
2 2 2 2
KN/2+0.24 KN/2

FDLU= 0.38 KN
Therefore, due to symmetry: FDLU = FDLQ = 0.38 KN

At Joint E

(( )
D LDE )
( D LEU ) ( D LET ) ( D LEF )
FDLE= 1.2 + + + 2DL_DE/2+DL_EU/2+DL_ET/2+DL_EF/2
2 2 2 2

( )
(0.45 KN ) (0.10 KN ) (0.20 KN ) (0.45 KN )
FDLE= 1.2 + + + 20.45 KN/2+0.10 KN/2+0.20
2 2 2 2
KN/2+0.45
KN/2

FDLE= 0.31 KN
Therefore, due to symmetry: FDLE = FDLI = 0.31 KN

At Joint T

FDLT= 1.2 (
2
( D LTU )
+
2
( D LET ) ( D LFT ) ( D LST )
2
+
2
+ )
2DL_TU/2+DL_ET/2+DL_FT/2+DL_ST/2

( )
(0.26 KN ) (0.08 KN ) (0.06 KN ) (0.26 KN )
FDLT= 1.2 + + + 20.26 KN/2+0.08 KN/2+0.06
2 2 2 2
KN/2+0.26 KN/2

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FDLT= 0.40 KN
Therefore, due to symmetry: FDLT = FDLR = 0.40 KN

At Joint F

FDLF= 1.2
2 ( +
2
( D LEF )
( D LFT ) ( D LFS ) ( D LFG )
2
+
2
+ 2DL_EF/2+DL_FT/2+DL_FS/2+DL_FG/2 )
( )
(0.20 KN ) (0.06 KN ) (0.08 KN ) ( 0.20 KN )
FDLF= 1.2 + + + 20.20 KN/2+0.06 KN/2+0.08
2 2 2 2
KN/2+0.20 KN/2

FDLF= 0.32 KN
Therefore, due to symmetry: FDLF = FDLH = 0.32 KN

At Joint S

FDLS = 1.2 ( ( D LST )

2
+
( D LFS )
2
+
2
( D LGS )
+
2
( D LHS )
2
+
( D LRS )
)
2DL_ST/2+DL_FS/2+DL_GS/2+DL_HS/2+DL_RS/2

FDLS= 1.2 ( (0.26 KN ) (0.08 KN ) (0.07 KN ) (0.08 KN ) (0.26 KN )

2 + 2 + 2 + 2 +2 ) 20.26 KN/2+0.08

KN/2+0.07 KN/2+0.08 KN/2+0.26 KN/2

FDLS= 0.45 KN

At Joint G

FDLG = 1.2
2 (2
( D LFG )
+
2
+
( D LGS ) ( D LGH )
2DL_FG/2+DL_GS/2+DL_GH/2
)
FDLG= 1.2
2
(
(0.20 KN ) (0.07 KN ) ( 0.20 KN )
+
2
+
2
20.20 KN/2+0.07 KN/2+0.20 KN/2 )
FDLG= 0.28 KN

Values of factored dead loads of truss members are shown below.

0.28 KN
0.32 KN 0.32 KN
0.31 KN 0.31 KN
0.30 KN 0.30 KN
0.29 KN 0.29 KN
0.28 KN 0.28 KN

17

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0.28 KN 0.32 KN 0.36 KN 0.37 KN 0.38 KN 0.40 KN 0.45 KN 0.40 KN 0.38 KN0.280K.3N7 0.36 KN 0.32 KN
KN

Figure 6. Values of Factored Dead Loads

Values of factored roof loads and factored wind loads (see Figure 4, page 10) and factored
dead loads (see Figure 6, page 16) for each joint are shown below.

0.28
0.32 0.32
0.31 0.31
0.30 0.30
0.29 0.29
0.28 0.28

0.28 KN 0.32 KN 0.36 KN 0.37 KN 0.38 KN 0.40 KN 0.45 KN 0.40 KN 0.38 KN 0.37 KN 0.36 KN 0.32 KN 0.28 KN

Figure 7. Values of Factored Wind Loads, Factored Loads and Factored Dead Loads

18

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 0.28

Note: See Figure 7, Values of Factored Wind Loads, Factored Roo0f L.o3ad2s and Factored Dead Loads of Roof
Truss
9.25 Members

2 0.36
9.26
2 0.37
9.27

0.38
9.28

9.29 0.40
Figure 8. Loadings on the Truss

0.45
9.25

0.40
9.29

0.3
9.28 8
0.3
7
9.27

0.3
9.26 6
0.3
9.25
2
0.2
8

19
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COMPUTATION OF REACTIONS (refer to figure 8, page 17)
ΣFX = 0
0 = 0.26 KN sin(11.31) + 0.51 KN sin(11.31) + 0.51 KN sin(11.31) + 0.51 KN sin(11.31) +
0.51 KN sin(11.31) + 0.51 KN sin(11.31) + 0.26 KN sin(11.31) + 3.75 KN sin(11.31) +
7.5 KN sin(11.31) + 7.5 KN sin(11.31) + 7.5 KN sin(11.31) + 7.5 KN sin(11.31) + 7.5 KN
sin(11.31) + 3.75 N sin(11.31) - RAx
RAx = 9.43 KN

ΣMA = 0
0 = 0.51 KN sin(11.31) (0.4m) + 0.51 KN cos(11.31) (2m) + 9.25 KN (2m) + 0.32 KN (2m) +
0.51 KN sin(11.31) (0.8m) + 0.51 KN cos(11.31) (4m) + 9.26 KN (4m) + 0.36 KN (4m) +
0.51 KN sin(11.31) (1.2m) + 0.51 KN cos(11.31) (6m) + 9.27 KN (6m) + 0.37 KN (6m) +
0.51 KN sin(11.31) (1.6m) + 0.51 KN cos(11.31) (8m) + 9.28 KN (8m) + 0.38 KN (8m) +
0.51 KN sin(11.31) (2m) + 0.51 KN cos(11.31) (10m) + 9.29 KN (10m) + 0.40 KN (10m) +
0.26 KN sin(11.31) (2.4m) + 0.26 KN cos(11.31) (12m) + 9.25 KN (12m) + 3.75 KN
sin(11.31) (2.4m) – 3.75 KN cos(11.31) (12m) + 0.45 KN (12m) + 9.29 KN (14m) + 7.5 KN
sin(11.31) (2m) – 7.5 KN cos(11.31) (14m) + 0.40 KN (14m) + 9.28 KN (16m) + 7.5 KN
sin(11.31) (1.6m) – 7.5 KN cos(11.31) (16m) + 0.38 KN (16m) + 9.27 KN (18m) + 7.5 KN
sin(11.31) (1.2m) – 7.5 KN cos(11.31) (18m) + 0.37 KN (18m) + 9.26 KN (20m) + 7.5 KN
sin(11.31) (0.8m) – 7.5 KN cos(11.31) (20m) + 0.36 KN (20m) + 9.25 KN (22m) + 7.5 KN
sin(11.31) (0.4m) – 7.5 KN cos(11.31) (22m) + 0.32 KN (22m) + 4.48 KN (24m) – 3.75 KN
cos(11.31) (24m) + 0.28 KN (24m) – RMy (24m)

RMy = 25.92 KN

ΣFy = 0
0 = RAy + RMy – 0.26 KN cos(11.31) – 4.48 KN– 0.28 KN – 0.51 KN cos(11.31) – 9.25 KN –
0.32 KN – 0.51 KN cos(11.31) – 9.26 KN – 0.36 KN – 0.51 KN cos(11.31) – 9.27 KN– 0.37
KN – 0.51 KN cos(11.31) – 9.28 KN – 0.38 KN – 0.51 KN cos(11.31) – 9.29 KN – 0.40 KN
– 0.26 KN cos(11.31) – 9.25 KN + 3.75 KN cos(11.31) – 0.45 KN – 9.29 KN +
7.5 KN cos(11.31) – 0.40 KN – 9.28 KN + 7.5 KN cos(11.31) – 0.38 KN – 9.27 KN +
7.5 KN cos(11.31) – 0.37 KN – 9.26 KN + 7.5 KN cos(11.31) – 0.36 KN – 9.25 KN +
7.5 KN cos(11.31) – 0.32 KN – 4.48 KN + 3.75 KN cos(11.31) – 0.28 KN

RAy= 48.54 KN

20

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 COMPUTATION OF FORCES USING METHOD OF JOINTS (using figure 8, page 17)
AT JOINT A

(P+FDLA) = 4.48 KN
+ FAB
0.280. K26N = 4.76
KN
11.31
KN
• 11.31
A FAX
RAx= 9.43 KN

ΣFy = 0
RAy= 48.54 KN
ΣFx = 0
0 = 48.54 KN – 0.26 KN cos(11.31) –
4.76 KN + FABsin(11.31) 0 = FAX + (-221.93 N cos(11.31)) – 9.43 KN
+ 0.26 KN sin(11.31)
FAB = 221.93 KN (C)
FAX = 227 KN (T)

AT JOINT X
FBX

FAX=227 KN
• FWX
X

FDLX=
0.32 KN
ΣFy = 0 ΣFx = 0
0 = -0.32 KN + FBX 0 = - 227 KN + FWX
FBX = 0.32 KN (T) FWX = 227 KN (T)

AT JOINT B
9.25 KN
0.51 FBC
KN 11.31
•B 11.31
11.31 11.31
FAB=221.93
FBW
KN
F = 0.32 KN
BX

ΣFy = 0 ΣFx = 0
0 = - 0.51 KN cos(11.31) – 9.25 KN – 0 = 0.51 KN sin(11.31) + 221.93 KN
0.27 KN + 221.93 KN sin(11.31) cos(11.31) + FBCcos(11.31) + FBWcos(11.31)
+ FBC sin(11.31) – FBW sin(11.31)
0 =
FBW 33.50 KN + FBC sin 33.50 KN + FBC sin 11.31
=
11.31 217.72 K N + FBC
sin 11.31
sin 11.31 cos(11.31)+
FBW = 25.60 KN (C) 7.72 K+F_BCcos(11.31)+33.50 KN +
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F_BCsin11.31/
sin11.31(cos11.3
1)
FBC = 196.42 KN
(C)

21

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 AT JOINT W
FCW
FBW=25.60 KN

11.31 • W
FWX=227 KN FVW

FDLW=
0.36 KN
ΣFy = 0 ΣFx = 0
0 = FCW – 25.60 N sin(11.31) – 0.36 KN 0 = -227 KN + 25.60 KN cos(11.31) + FVW
FCW = 5.38 KN (T) FVW = 201.90 KN (T)

AT JOINT C
9.26 KN
0.51
FCD
KN 11.31
• 11.31
11.31 21.8 °
FBC= 196.42
C
KN FCV
FCW= 5.38 KN

ΣFy = 0 ΣFx = 0
0 = – 5.38 KN –9.26 KN – 0.51 KN 0 = 0.51 KN sin(11.31) + 196.42 KN
cos(11.31) + 196.42 KN sin(11.31) + F CD cos(11.31) + FCD cos(11.31) + FCV cos(21.8)
sin(11.31) – FCV sin(21.8)
0 =
FCV 23.38 KN + FCD sin 23.38 KN + FCD sin 11.31
=
11.31 192.71 K N + FCD cos
11.31+ sin 21.8
sin 21.8
FCV= 27.22 KN (C) 2.71 K+F_CDcos11.31+23.38 KN +
F_CDsin11.31/sin21.8(cos21.8)
FCD = 170.75 KN (C)

AT JOINT V
FDV
FCV= 27.22KN

21.8 ° •
V FVW= 201.90 KN FUV

FDLV=
0.37 KN
ΣFy = 0
0 = FDV – 27.22 KN sin(21.8) – 0.37 KN ΣFx = 0
FDV = 10.48 KN (T) 0 = FUV – 201.90 N + 27.22 N cos(21.8)
22
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FUV = 176.63 KN (T)

AT JOINT D
9.27 KN
0.51
11.31 FDE
KN
• 11.31
11.31 30.96
D

FCD= 170.75 FDU

KN
FDV=10.48 KN
ΣFy = 0 0 = 0.51 KN sin(11.31) + 170.75 KN
0 = – 10.48 KN – 9.27 KN –0.51 KN cos(11.31) cos(11.31) + FDE cos(11.31) + FDU
+ 170.75 KN sin(11.31) + FDE sin(11.31) – cos(30.96)
FDUsin(30.96) 0 =
13.24 KN + FDE sin 167.53 K N + 13.24 KN + FDE sin 11.31
FDU 11.31
= cos (11.31)+ sin 30.96
sin 30.96 FDE

FDU= 29.35 KN (C) 7.53 K+F_DEcos(11.31)+13.24 KN +

F_DEsin11.31/sin30.96(cos30.96)
FDE = 145.01 KN (C)
ΣFx = 0

AT JOINT
U
FEU
FDU= 29.35 KN

30.96 •
FUV= 176.63 KN FTU
U

FDLU=
0.38 KN
ΣFy = 0 ΣFx = 0
0 = FEU – 29.35 KN sin(30.96) – 0.38 KN 0 = FTU – 176.34 KN + 29.35 KN cos(30.96)
FEU = 15.48 KN (T) FTU = 151.46 KN (T)

AT JOINT
E
0.51 9.28 KN
FEF
KN
11.31
•E 11.31
11.31 38.66
FDE= 145.01 FET
KN
FEU= 15.48 KN 3.18 KN + F sin 11.31
EF
FET =
sin 38.66
ΣFy = 0
0 = – 15.48 KN – 9.28 KN – FET = 32.38 KN (C)
0.51 KN cos(11.31) + 145.01 KN sin(11.31)
+ FEF sin(11.31) – FET sin(38.66)
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 ΣFx = 0

23

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0 = 0.51 KN sin(11.31) + 145.01 KN 2.30 KN+F_EFcos(11.31)+3.18 KN +
cos(11.31) + FEF cos(11.31) + FET F_EFsin11.31/sin38.66(cos38.66)
cos(38.66)
FEF = 119.34 KN (C)
0 =
142.30 KN + 3.18 KN + FEF sin
FEF cos (11.31)+ sin 38.66

AT JOINT T
FFT
FET= 32.38 KN

38.66 •
FTU= 151.46 KN FST
U

FDLT=
0.40 KN
ΣFy = 0 ΣFx = 0
0 = FFT – 32.38 KN sin(38.66) – 0.40 KN 0 = FST – 151.46 KN + 32.38 KN cos38.66
FFT = 20.63 KN (T) FST = 126.18 KN (T)

AT JOINT
F
0.51 9.29 KN FFG
KN
11.31
•F 11.31
11.31 45 °
FEF= 119.34 FFS
KN FFT= 20.63 KN

ΣFy = 0 ΣFx = 0
0 = – 20.63 KN – 9.29 KN – 0.51 KN
cos(11.31) + 119.34 KN sin(11.31) + FFG 0 = 0.51 KN sin(11.31) + 119.34 KN
sin(11.31) – FFS sin(45) cos(11.31) + FG cos(11.31) +F FS cos(45)
0 =
FFS −7.02 KN + FFG sin −7.02 KN + FFG sin
=
11.31 117.12 K N + FFG cos
sin 45 (11.31)+ 11.31
sin 45
FFS = 35.88 KN (C) 7.12 K+ F_FGcos(11.31)+-7.02 KN +
F_FGsin11.31/sin45(cos45)
FFG = 93.57 KN (C)

AT JOINT M
(P +FDLM)= 4.48 KN
+ 0.28 KN = 4.76 KN
FLM 11.31 3.75 KN
11.31
FMN •M
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 FMy = 25.92 KN
24

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ΣFy = 0 ΣFx = 0
0 = – 4.76 N + 3.75 N cos(11.31) + 25.92 0 = -(-126.64 KN cos(11.31)) – FMN +
KN + FLM sin(11.31) 3.75 KN sin(11.31)
FLM = 126.64 KN (C) FMN = 131.54 KN (T)

AT JOINT N
FLN

• N
FNO FMN = 131.54 KN

FDLN=
0.32 KN
ΣFy = 0 ΣFx = 0
0 = -0.32 KN + FLN 0 = 131.54 KN– FNO
FLN = 0.32 KN (T) FNO = 131.54 KN (T)

AT JOINT L
9.25 KN
FKL 11.317.5 KN
11.31
•L
11.31 11.31
FLO FLM = 126.64 KN
FLN = 0.32 KN

ΣFy = 0 ΣFx = 0
0 = – 0.32 KN – 9.25 KN + 7.5 KN 0 = 7.5 KN sin(11.31) – 126.64 KN
cos(11.31) + 126.64 KN sin(11.31) + FKL cos(11.31) – FKL cos(11.31) – FLO cos(11.31)
sin(11.31) – FLO sin(11.31)
0 =
FLO 22.62 KN + FKL sin 22.62 KN + FKL sin 11.31
=
11.31 −122.71 KN −F KL cos
(11.31)− sin 11.31
sin 11.31
FLO = 4.90 KN (C) 122.71 KN-F_KLcos(11.31)-22.62 KN
+F_KLsin11.31/sin11.31(cos11.31)
FKL = 120.24 KN (C)

FOP AT JOINT O
FKO

• O
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 FLO = 4.90 KN
11.31
FNO = 131.54 KN
25

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 FDLO=
0.36 KN
ΣFy = 0 ΣFx = 0
0 = FKO – 4.90 KN sin(11.31) – 0.36 KN 0 = 131.54 KN – FOP – 4.90 KN cos(11.31)
FKO = 1.27 KN (T) FOP = 126.74 KN (T)

AT JOINT K
9.26 KN
FJK 11.317.5 KN
11.31
•K
21.8 ° 11.31
FKP FKL = 120.24 KN
FKO = 1.27 KN

ΣFy = 0 0 = 7.5 KN sin(11.31) – 120.24 KN

0 = – 1.27 KN – 9.26 KN + 7.5 KN cos(11.31) – FJK cos(11.31) – FKP cos(21.8)
cos(11.31) + 120.24 KN sin(11.31) + FJK 0 =
sin(11.31) –F KP sin(21.8) 20.41 KN + FJK sin 11.31
20.41 −116.43 K N−F JK cos
F =
KN + FJK sin sin 21.8
(11.31)−
11.31
KP 16.43 K-F_JKcos(11.31)-20.41 KN +
sin 21.8
F_JKsin11.31/sin21.8(cos21.8)
FKP = 5.16 KN (C)
FJK = 113.85 KN (C)
ΣFx = 0

AT JOINT
P
FJP FKP = 5.16 KN
21.8 °
FPQ FOP = 126.74 KN
• P

FDLP=
0.37 KN
ΣF y = 0 ΣFx = 0
0 = FJP – 5.16 KN sin(21.8) – 0.37 KN 0 = -5.16 KN cos(21.8) – FPQ + 126.74 KN
FJP = 2.29 KN (T) FPQ = 121.95 KN (T)

AT JOINT J
9.27 KN
FIJ 11.31
11.31 7.5 KN
•
30.96 11.31
FJQ FJK = 113.85 KN 26
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ΣFy = 0 FJP = 2.29 KN

ΣFx = 0
0 = – 2.29 KN – 9.27 KN + 113.85 KN
sin(11.31) + 7.5 KN cos(11.31) + FIJ 0 = 7.5 KN sin(11.31) – 113.85 KN
sin(11.31) – FJQ sin(30.96) cos(11.31) – FIJ cos(11.31) – FJQ cos(30.96)
0 =
FJQ 18.12 KN + FIJ sin 18.12 KN + FIJ sin 11.31
=
11.31 −110.17 K N−F IJ cos
11.31− sin 30.96
sin 30.96
FJQ = 5.71 KN (C) (cos30.96)
FIJ = 107.36 KN (C)
AT JOINT Q
FIQ
FJQ = 5.71 KN

Q 30.96
FQR • FPQ = 121.95 KN

FDLQ=
0.38 KN
ΣFy = 0 ΣFx = 0
0 = FIQ – 5.71 KN sin(30.96) – 0.38 KN 0 = - FQR – 5.71 KN cos(30.96) + 121.95 KN
FIQ = 3.32 KN (T) FQR = 117.05 KN (T)

AT JOINT I
9.28 KN
FHI 11.317.5 KN
11.31
• I
38.66 11.31
FIR FIJ = 107.36
KN
FIQ = 3.32 KN

ΣFy = 0 ΣFx = 0
0 = – 3.32 KN – 9.28 KN + 7.5 KN
cos(11.31) + 107.36 KN sin(11.31) + FHI 0 = 7.5 KN sin(11.31) – 107.36 KN
sin(11.31) – FIR sin(38.66) cos(11.31) – FHI cos(11.31) – FIR cos(38.66)
0 =
FIR 15.81 KN + FHI sin 15.8 1 KN + FHI sin 11.31
=
11.31 −103.80 K N −FHI cos
11.31− sin 38.66
sin38.66
FIR = 6.34 KN (C) (cos38.66)
FHI = 100.81 KN (C)
 AT JOINT
R
FHR FIR = 6.34 KN 27

FRS FQR = 117.05 KN

R
FDL•R=
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 38.66

ΣFy = 0 ΣFx = 0
0 = FHR – 6.34 KN sin(38.66) – 0.40 KN 0 = - FRS – 6.34 KN cos(38.66) + 117.05 KN
FHR = 4.36 KN (T) FRS = 112.10 KN (T)

AT JOINT H
9.29 KN
FGH 11.31 7.5 KN
11.31
•H
45 ° 11.31
FHS FHI = 100.81 KN
FHR = 4.36 KN

ΣFy = 0 ΣFx = 0
0 = – 4.36 KN – 9.29 KN + 7.5 KN 0 = 7.5 KN sin(11.31) – 100.81 KN
cos(11.31) + 100.81 KN sin(11.31) + FGH cos(11.31) – FGH cos(11.31) – FHS cos(45)
sin(11.31) – FHS sin(45)
0 =
FHS 13.47 KN + FGH sin 13.47 KN + FGH sin 11.31
=
11.31 −97.38 K N −F GH cos
(11.31)− sin 45
sin 45
FHS = 7.08 KN (C) (cos45)
FGH = 94.20 KN (C)

AT JOINT
S
FGS
FFS = 35.88 KN FHS = 7.08 KN

45 ° 45 °
FST = 126.18 KN • S FRS = 112.10 KN

FDLS=
0.45 KN

ΣFy = 0
0 = -0.45 KN – 35.88 KN sin(45) – 7.08 KN sin(45) + FGS
FGS = 30.83 KN (T)

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 28

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SUMMARY OF FORCES COMPUTED (see page 18-26)
RAx = 9.43 KN
RMy = 25.92 KN
RAy = 48.54 KN
TOP
CHORDS
FAB = 221.93 KN (C) FGH = 94.20 KN (C)
FBC = 196.42 KN (C) FHI = 100.81 KN (C)
FCD = 170.75 KN (C) FIJ = 107.36 KN (C)
FDE = 145.01 N (C) FJK = 113.85 KN (C)
FEF = 119.34 KN (C) FKL = 120.24 KN (C)
FFG = 93.57 KN (C) FLM = 126.64 KN (C)
BOTTOM CHORDS
FAX = 227.00 KN (T) FRS = 112.10 KN (T)
FWX = 227.00 KN FQR = 117.05 KN (T)
(T) FVW = 201.90 FPQ = 121.95 KN (T)
KN (T) FUV = 176.63 FOP = 126.74 KN (T)
KN (T) FTU = 151.46 FNO = 131.54 KN (T)
KN (T) FST = 126.18 FMN = 131.54 KN (T)
KN (T) WEB MEMBERS

VERTICAL FLN = 0.32 KN (T)

FBX = 0.32 KN (T) FKO = 1.27 KN (T)
FCW = 5.38 KN (T) FJP = 2.29 KN (T)
FDV = 10.48 KN (T) FIQ = 3.32 KN (T)
FEU = 15.48 KN (T) FHR = 4.36 KN (T)
FFT = 20.63 KN (T)

29

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 FGS = 30.83 KN (T)
DIAGONAL
FBW = 25.60 KN (C) FLO = 4.90 KN (C)
FCV= 27.22 KN (C) FKP = 5.16 KN (C)
FDU= 29.35 KN (C) FJQ = 5.17 KN (C)
FET = 32.38 KN (C) FIR = 66.34 KN (C)
FFS = 35.88 KN (C) FHS = 7.08 KN (C)

NOTE: The critical members and their values were highlighted.

30

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DESIGN OF ROOF TRUSS MEMBERS

a) FOR TOP CHORDS

Critical Member (AB)

Force at Member AB (see summary of forces computed, page 27),

FAB = 221.93 KN (Compression)

Length of member AB, LAB = 2040 mm

Try 2- L 90 x 65 x 10

Properties:

Theoretical mass = 22.8 kg/m y = 29.8 mm

A = 2900 mm² Iy-y = 0.507 x 106 mm4
Ix-x = 1.16 x 106 mm4 Sy-y = 10.6 x 10³ mm³
Sx-x = 19.2 x 10³ mm³ ry-y = 18.7 mm
rx-x = 28.3 mm x = 17.3 mm
Yield Strength, Fy = 248 MPa

Modulus of Elasticity, E = 200 GPa

CHECK SLENDERNESS RATIO

k = 1.0

k LAB 1.0(2040 mm)

rmin = =109.10
18.7 mm
2 π2 E 2 π2( 200 x 103) N mm2
Cc= Fy
=√ √ 248 N / mm/
2
=126.17

k LAB
Therefore, ∈Cc
rmin

For ALLOWABLE STRESS, Use:

( )
AB

Fa= rmin Fy = 1-

[ ]
Fs 1/2kL_AB/r_min/Cc^2Fy/Fs=
2
1 kCc
L
1−

1/2kL_AB/r_min/Cc^2Fy/Fs

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 3

( (
k LAB k LAB
5 109.10 1 109.10 3
FS= +
3
r min
1
Cc
−
8
r min
Cc
=
5
(
3 + 126.17
3 8
−
) (
126.17 ) =1.91
) )
3 8 8

Fa=
1−
2
[ ( ) [
Cc
AB

1 krLmin 2

]
Fy = 1− 1 109.1 .
Fs 2 0
)
( 2

] 248 MPa

=81.30
126.17 1.91
MPa

For ALLOWABLE LOAD:

Fa=
P = P/A
A
P
81.30 N / mm2=
29 00 mm2 .30N/mm^2= P/ 2900 mm^2

P = 235770 N = 235.77 KN

235.77 KN > 221.93 KN (Actual Load) SAFE!

Therefore, use 2-L 90 x 65 x 10 for Top Chords

b) FOR BOTTOM CHORDS

Critical Member (AX)

Force at Member AX (see summary of forces computed, page 27),

FAX = 227 KN (Tension)

Length of Member AX, LAX = 2000 mm

Try L 90 x 75 x 10

Properties:

Theoretical mass = 12.2 kg/m y = 29.2 mm

A = 1550 mm² Iy-y = 0.767 x 106 mm4
Ix-x = 1.22 x 106 mm4 Sy-y = 14.1 x 10³ mm³
Sx-x = 19.7 x 10³ mm³ ry-y = 22.2 mm
rx-x = 28.0 mm x = 20.7 mm
Yield Strength, Fy = 248 MPa

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 32

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For ALLOWABLE TENSILE STRESS:

Ft = 0.6 Fy = 0.6 (248 MPa) = 148.8 MPa

For ALLOWABLE LOAD:

Ft=
P = P/A

A
P
148.8 N / mm2=
1550 mm2 8.8 mm^2=P/1550 mm^2

P = 230640 N = 230.64 KN

230.64 KN > 227 KN (Actual Load) SAFE!

Therefore, use L 90 x 75 x 10 for Bottom Chords

c) FOR VERTICAL WEB MEMBERS

Critical Member (GS)

Force at Member GS (see summary of forces computed, page 27)),

FGS = 30.83 KN (Tension)

Length of member GS, LGS = 2400 mm

Try L 80 x 60 x 6

Properties:

Theoretical mass = 6.31 kg/m y = 25.1 mm

A = 804 mm² Iy-y = 0.254 x 106 mm4
Ix-x = 0.522 x 106 mm4 Sy-y = 5.66 x 10³ mm³
Sx-x = 9.50 x 10³ mm³ ry-y = 17.8 mm
rx-x = 25.5 mm x = 15.1 mm
Yield Strength, Fy = 248 MPa

For ALLOWABLE TENSILE STRESS:

Ft = 0.6 Fy = 0.6 (248 MPa) = 148.8 MPa

33

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For ALLOWABLE LOAD:

Ft=
P = P/A
A
P
148.8 N / mm2=
804 mm2 8.8 mm^2= P/804 mm^28 mm^2= P/804 mm^2

P = 119635.20 N = 119.64 KN

119.64 KN > 30.83 KN (Actual Load) SAFE!

Therefore, use L 80 x 60 x 6 for Vertical Web Members

d) FOR DIAGONAL WEB MEMBERS

Critical Member (FS)

Force at Member FS (see summary of forces computed, page 27),

FFS = 35.88 KN (Compression)

Length of Member FS, LFS = 2830 mm

Try L 80 x 60 x 8

Properties:

Theoretical mass = 8.29 y = 25.8 mm

kg/m A = 1060 mm² Iy-y = 0.324 x 106 mm4
Ix-x = 0.67 x 106 mm4 Sy-y = 7.33 x 10³ mm³
Sx-x = 12.4 x 10³ mm³ ry-y = 17.5 mm
rx-x = 25.2 mm x = 15.8 mm

Yield Strength, Fy = 248 MPa

Modulus of Elasticity, E = 200 GPa

CHECK SLENDERNESS RATIO

k = 1.0

k LFS 1.0 (2830 mm)

rmin = =161.71
17.5 mm
34

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 2 π2 E 2 π2( 200 x 103) N mm2
Cc= Fy
=√ √ 248 N / mm/
2
=126.17

k LFS
Therefore, >Cc
rmin

For ALLOWABLE STRESS, Use:

12 π2 E
Fa=

( )
k LFS 2 = 12π^2E/23kL_FS/r_min^2
23 r
min

12 π2(200 x 103)
Fa= =39.38 MPa
23 (161.712)

For ALLOWABLE LOAD:

Fa=
P = P/A
A
P
39.38 N / mm2=
1060 mm2 .38N/mm^2= P/1060 mm^2.38N/mm^2= P/1060

mm^2

P = 41742.8 N = 41.74 KN

41.74 KN > 35.88 KN (Actual Load) SAFE!

Therefore, use L 80 x 60 x 8 for Diagonal Web Members

35
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DESI
GN
OF
COL
UMN

36

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COLUMN

W130 X 24

Use 65 x 50 x 8 Angle Bars for Struts

Theoretical Mass = 6.72 kg/m
Load from truss (see summary of forces computed, page 27), RAy = 48.54 KN

Actual Load, P

P = RAy + Wstrut

P = 49.54 KN + (6.72 kg/ m ) (9.81 m / s2) (5 m)

P = 49.87 KN

Try W130 x 24 [see Strength of Materials by Singer and Pytel, Appendix B-2 for
the properties of Wide-Flange Sections (W Shapes): SI Units]
Properties:
Theoretical mass = 23.6 kg/m Ix-x = 8.80 x 106 mm4
Area = 3010 mm2 Sx = 139 x 103 mm3
Depth = 127 mm rx = 54.1 mm
Flange width = 127 mm Iy-y = 3.11 x 106 mm4
Flange thickness = 9.1 mm Sy = 49.0 x 103 mm3
Web thickness = 6. 1 mm ry = 32.1 mm
Length of column, L = 8000 mm

Yield Strength, Fy = 248 MPa

Modulus of Elasticity, E = 200 GPa

CHECK SLENDERNESS RATIO:

37

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k = 0.8

kL 0.8(8000 mm)
rmin = 32.1 mm =199.38

√
2 π 2(200 x 103)

√
2 π2 E N
Cc =126.1 7
Fy mm2
= = N
248
kL
Therefore, >Cc
rmin

For ALLOWABLE STRESS, Use:

12 π2 E
Fa= k 2 =12π^2E/23(kL/r_y)^2
23( )
L
ry

2 (200 x 103) N
12 π E 2 12 mm2
π
Fa= = =25.91 MPa
kL 2 23( 199.38)2
23( )
ry

FOR ALLOWABLE LOAD:

Fa=
P = P/A
A
N P
25.91 = .91 N/mm^2= P/3010 mm^25.91 N/mm^2= P/3010
mm2 3010 mm2

mm^2

Safe Load, P = 77989.10 N = 77.99 KN

77.99 KN > 49.87 KN (Actual Load, P, page 34) SAFE !

Therefore, use W 130 x 24 for Column.

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 38

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DESI
GN
OF
BASE
PLAT
E

39

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DESIGN OF BASE PLATE

Note: Full area of concrete pier is covered by base plate:

Therefore A1= A2
Area of concrete pedestal (A2) = 200 mm x 200 mm
A1 = A2 = 40 000 mm2

Dimension of the Base Plate:

B = 200 mm
N = 200 mm

Thickness of the Base Plate:

P
fp = A1

Actual Load of Column, P = 49.87 KN (see Design of Column, Actual Load, P, page 34)
1000 N
49.87 KN ( )
fp = 1 KN
40 000 mm2
fp = 1.25 MPa

Using W 130 x 28
column: d = 127 mm
bf = 127 mm

N = 0.95d + 2m
N−0.95 d
m= 2
200 mm−0.95 (127 mm)
m= 2
m = 39.68 mm

B = 0.8bf + 2n

B−0.8 bf
n= 2
200 mm−0.8(127 mm)
n= 2

40

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n = 49.20 mm
√d bf
n’ =
4

n=
' √(127 mm)(127 mm)
4
n’ = 31.75 mm
Since n > m, then:

√
fp
t = 2n
Fy use: n = 49.20 mm

√
1.25 MPa
t = 2(49.20 mm)
248 MPa
t = 6.99 mm say 7 mm

For Allowable Axial Load based on Allowable Bearing Pressure:

Fp = 0.35 f ’c where: f’c = 28 MPa
Fp = 0.35 (28 MPa)
Fp = 9.8 MPa

P
Fp = A1
P
9.8 MPa =
40 000 mm2
P = 392000 N = 392 KN
392 KN > 49.87 KN (Actual Load, P, page 34) SAFE !

For Allowable Axial Load based on the bending strength of the plate:

√
fp
t = 2n
Fy
t = 7 mm
n = 49.20 mm

√
fp
7 mm = 2(49.20 mm)
248 MPa

fp = 1.26 MPa
P
fp = A1
P
1.26 MPa 26 MPa 2
40 000 mm
P = 50400 N = 50.40 KN

41

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 50.40 KN > 49.87 KN (Actual Load, P, page 34) SAFE !

Therefore, use 200 mm x 200 mm x 7 mm base plate with 200 mm x 200 mm concrete
pedestal.
39.68 mm 200 mm

120.64
mm 200 mm

39.68 mm

49.2 mm 101.6 mm 49.2 mm

Figure 14. Dimension of base plate

42

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DESI
GN
OF
TRUS
S
CON
NEC
TION
S
43

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DESIGN OF CONNECTION
FOR TOP CHORD 2 - L 90 X 65 X 10
Thickness of gusset plate is 12 mm
Actual Load, P = FAB = 221.93 KN (C)
(For Actual Load P, see Roof Truss Analysis, Summary of forces computed, FAB, page 27)

Thickness of Weld
tweld = tf – 2 mm : where tf is the thickness of the member
tweld = 10 – 2 mm
tweld = 8 mm
1
0

9
0
9 x[(90)(10)+(55)(10)] = (90)(10)(45)+(55)(10)(5)
0

x = 29.8 mm

1
0 29.8

60.2

45

4
5
2 - L 90 X 65
X
10

Figure 9.a Top Chord Connection

For Fc,
Fc = 0.707(Fv)(tweld)(Lc)
Lc = 90 mm tweld = 8 mm
Fu = 415 MPa Fv = 0.30Fu = 0.30(415 MPa) = 124.5 MPa
Fc = 0.707 (124.5 MPa) (8 mm) (90 mm)
Fc = 63375.48 N = 63.38 KN

By Varignon’s Theorem
❑

∑M
❑
h =0 (see figure 9.a, page 41)

- Fc (45 mm) – Ft (90 mm) + P (29.8 mm) = 0

-63.38 KN (45 mm) - Ft (90 mm) + 221.93 KN (29.8 mm) = 0
Ft = 41.79 KN

44

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 ❑

∑M
❑
t =0 (see figure 9.a, page
41)
Fc (45 mm) + Fh (90 mm) – P (60.2 mm) = 0
63.38 KN (45 mm) + Fh (90 mm) – 221.93 KN (60.2 mm) = 0
Fh = 116.76 KN

For Lheel,
Fh = 0.707(Fv)(tweld)(Lheel)
Fh = 116.76 KN tweld = 8 mm
Fu = 415 MPa Fv = 0.30Fu = 0.30(415 MPa) = 124.5 MPa
116.76 KN = 0.707 (124.5 MPa) (8 mm) (Lheel)
Lheel = 165.81 mm ≈ 166 mm

For Ltoe,
Ft = 0.707(Fv)(tweld)(Ltoe)
Ft = 41.79 KN tweld = 8 mm
Fu = 415 MPa Fv = 0.30Fu = 0.30(415 MPa) = 124.5 MPa
41.79 KN = 0.707 (124.5 MPa) (8 mm) (Ltoe)
Ltoe = 59.35 mm ≈ 60 mm

166

90

60
2 – L 90 X 65 X
10

Figure 9.b Lengths of fillet weld for top chord

45

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FOR BOTTOM CHORD L 90 x 75 x 10
Thickness of gusset plate is 12 mm
Actual Load, P = FAX = 227 KN (T)
(For Actual Load P, see Roof Truss Analysis, Summary of forces computed, FAX, page 27)

Thickness of Weld
tweld = tf – 2 mm : where tf is the thickness of the member
tweld = 10 – 2 mm
tweld = 8 mm
0

90

90
x[(90)(10)+(65)(10)] = (90)(10)(45)+(65)(10)(5)
x = 28.2 mm

L
9
45 0 61.

45
X 8
28.
7 2

5
Figure 10.a Bottom Chord
X 1
conn ection
0
For Fc,
Fc = 0.707(Fv)(tweld)(Lc)
Lc = 90 mm tweld = 8 mm
Fu = 415 MPa Fv = 0.30Fu = 0.30(415 MPa) = 124.5 MPa
Fc = 0.707 (124.5 MPa) (8mm) (90 mm)
Fc = 63375.48 N = 63.38 KN

By Varignon’s Theorem
❑

∑M
❑
t =0 (see figure 10.a, page 43)

Fc (45 mm) + Fh (90 mm) - P (61.8 mm) = 0

63.38 KN (45 mm) + Fh (90 mm) – 227 KN (61.8 mm) = 0

Fh = 124.18 KN

46

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 ❑

∑M
❑
h =0 (see figure 10.a, page 43)

- Fc (45 mm) – Ft (90 mm) + P (28.2 mm) = 0

- 63.38 KN (45 mm) - Ft (90 mm) + 227 KN (28.2 mm) = 0
Ft = 39.44 KN

For Lheel,
Fh = 0.707(Fv)(tweld)(Lheel)
Fh = 124.18 KN tweld = 8 mm
Fu = 415 MPa Fv = 0.30Fu = 0.30(415 MPa) = 124.5 MPa
124.18 KN = 0.707 (124.5 MPa) (8 mm) (Lheel)
Lheel = 176.35 mm ≈ 177 mm

For Ltoe,
Ft = 0.707(Fv)(tweld)(Ltoe)
Ft = 39.44 KN tweld = 8 mm
Fu = 415 MPa Fv = 0.30Fu = 0.30(415 MPa) = 124.5 MPa
39.44 KN = 0.707 (124.5 MPa) (8 mm) (Ltoe)
Ltoe = 56 mm

L
56 9
0
90
X
7
17
7 5
X
Figure 10.b Lengths of fillet weld for bottom chord
1
0

47

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FOR VERTICAL MEMBERS L 80 X 60 X 6

Thickness of gusset plate is 12 mm

Actual Load, P = FGS = 30.83 KN (T)
(For Actual Load P, see Roof Truss Analysis, Summary of forces computed, FGS, page 27)

Thickness of Weld
tf ≤ 6 mm : where tf is the thickness of the
member
Therefore,
tf = tweld = 6 mm

80
x[(80)(6)+(54)(6)] = (80)(6)(40)+(54)(6)(3)
80
x = 25.1 mm

2
6
mm-
L

9
0
X

6
5
X L
1
8
0
25

54 6
0
Figure 11.a Vertical Chord
conneXction
By Varignon’s Theorem
❑
6
∑M
❑
t =0 (see figure 11.a, page 45)

Fh(80 mm) – P (54.9 mm) = 0

Fh (80 mm) –30.83 KN (54.9 mm) = 0

48

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Fh = 21.16 KN
❑

∑ M =0
❑
h (see figure 11.a, page 45)

- Ft (80 mm) + P (25.1 mm) = 0

- Ft (80 mm) + 30.83 KN (25.1 mm) = 0
Ft = 9.67 KN

For Lheel,
Fh = 0.707(Fv)(tweld)(Lheel)
Fh = 21.16 KN tweld = 6 mm
Fu = 415 MPa Fv = 0.30Fu = 0.30(415 MPa) = 124.5 MPa
21.16 KN = 0.707 (124.5 MPa) (6 mm) (Lheel)
Lheel = 40.07 mm ≈ 41 mm

For Ltoe,
Ft = 0.707(Fv)(t)(Ltoe)
Ft = 9.67 KN t = 6 mm
Fu = 415 MPa Fv = 0.30Fu = 0.30(415 MPa) = 124.5 MPa
9.67 KN = 0.707 (124.5 MPa) (6 mm) (Ltoe)
Ltoe = 18.31 mm ≈ 19 mm

2
-
L
9
0
X4 1
9
1

6
5
X
L
1
8
0 0
X
Figure 11.b Lengths of fillet weld for vertical member
6
0
X

6
49

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FOR DIAGONAL MEMBERS L 80 X 60 X 8
Thickness of gusset plate is 12 mm
Actual Load, P = FFS = 35.88 N (C)
(For Actual Load P, see Roof Truss Analysis, Summary of forces computed, FFS, page 27)

Thickness of Weld
tweld = tf – 2 mm : where tf is the thickness of the member
tweld = 8 – 2 mm
tweld = 6 mm
8

80 x[(80)8)+(52)(8)] = (80)(8)(40)+(52)(8)(4)
80 x = 25.8 mm

2 - L 90 X 65 X
10

L 80 X 60 X
8

L 80 X 60 X
6 25.8

54.2

Figure 12.a Diagonal Chord connection

By Varignon’s Theorem
❑

∑M
❑
t =0 (see figure 12.a, page 47)

Fh (80 mm) – P (54.2 mm) = 0

Fh (80 mm) – 35.88 KN (54.2 mm) = 0
Fh = 24.31 KN

50

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 ❑

∑M
❑
h =0 (see figure 12.a, page 47)

- Ft (80 mm) + P (25.8 mm) = 0

- Ft (80 mm) + 35.88 KN (25.8 mm) = 0
Ft = 11.57 KN

For Lheel,
Fh = 0.707(Fv)(tweld)(Lheel)
Fh = 24.31 KN tweld = 6 mm
Fu = 415 MPa Fv = 0.30Fu = 0.30(415 MPa) = 124.5 MPa
24.31 KN = 0.707 (124.5 MPa) (6 mm) (Lheel)
Lheel = 46.03 mm ≈ 47 mm

For Ltoe,
Ft = 0.707(Fv)(tweld)(Ltoe)
Ft = 11.57 KN tweld = 6 mm
Fu = 415 MPa Fv = 0.30Fu = 0.30(415 MPa) = 124.5 MPa
11.57 KN = 0.707 (124.5 MPa) (6 mm) (Ltoe)
Ltoe = 21.91 mm ≈ 22 mm

2 - L 90 X 65 X 10

47

22

L 80 X 60 X 8

L 80 X 60 X 6

Figure 12.b Lengths of fillet weld for diagonal chord

51

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