Chapter 1 Chemical Equilibrium

Chapter 1 Chemical Equilibrium
Short Question & Answers
Q:1 Define Chemical Equilibrium with example:
Ans: Chemical Equilibrium Is a state where the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of
backward reaction. " OR is also defined as "A state where the concentration of reactant and product
remains constant." Example : H2(g)+I2(g)↽⇀HI(g)
Q:2 Why Chemical Equilibrium Is dynamic?
Ans: At equilibrium, the concentration of each substance is maintained to constant. This does not mean
that the reaction stops. Both forward and backward reaction occurs at the same rate, even after the
equilibrium is reached , So that chemical equilibrium is dynamic .
Q:3 While Writing an equation, how is a reversible reaction distinguished from irreversible reaction?
Ans: If a reaction can go in both the forward and reverse direction, it's a reversible reaction, which we
indicate with two single-headed arrows. But if a reaction can only go in the forward direction, it's an
irreversible reaction, which we can indicate in our chemical equation by using a single double-headed
arrow.
Q:5 Outline The Characteristics Of Reversible Reaction?
Ans:
1) A reversible reaction is a reaction in which the conversion of reactants to products and the
conversion of products to reactants occur simultaneously.
2) A and B can react to form C and D or, in the reverse reaction, C and D can react to form A and B.
3) In Reversible Reaction Rate Of Forward reaction equals to rate of reverse Reaction.
4 ) In Reversible Reaction, when Equilibrium is achieved then Concentration Remains Constant.
Q:6 Distinguished between irreversible and reversible reaction.

Ans:
Q:7 State Law of mass action. How is the active Mass represented?
Answer:
Law Of Mass Action
The rate at which a substance reacts is directly proportional to its active mass and the rate of a reaction
is directly proportional to the product of the active masses of the reacting substances.
Representation Of Active Mass
The concentration of reacting substance is called Active mass. The unit of active mass is mol.dm-3 and
its
value is expressed in square brackets.

Q:8 Why Equilibrium Constant may or may not have unit? Justify with example.
Ans: Equilibrium Constant Has No Unit Because An equal number of moles on both sides of the equation
has no unit in Kc. Because Kc expression uses concentration units that cancel. The unit of concentration
is mol.dm-3. Consider a reaction:
Equilibrium Constant Has unit for those reaction which have the number of moles of reactants and
product are not equal , Kc has a unit.
Let us Consider the Following reaction:
Q:09 How Direction Of a reaction can be predicted If Kc is known to you?
Ans: Q can be used to determine which direction a reaction will shift to reach equilibrium. If K > Q, a
reaction will proceed forward, converting reactants into products. If K < Q, the reaction will proceed in
the reverse direction, converting products into reactants. If Q = K then the system is already at
equilibrium.
Q:10 Write Equilibrium constant expression for the following reactions?
Ans:
Long Question and Answers:
Q:1 Describe Dynamic Equilibrium with two examples.
Dynamic Equilibrium is can be defined as a state of balance between continuing processes.
Briefly we can define it like this,

Dynamic equilibrium is a chemical equilibrium between a forward reaction and the reverse reaction
where the rate of the reactions are equal. At this point, the ratio between reactants and products
remains unchanged over time.
Example 1
Conversion of ice to water. In this forward reaction is: Ice to water (Melting). In this backward reaction
is: Water to Ice (Freezing). So, when equilibrium is achieved: Rate of melting = Rate of freezing.
Example 2
NO2(g) + CO(g) ⇌ NO(g) + CO2(g) (again, as long as the two rates are equal). Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
reacts with carbon monoxide (CO) to form nitrogen oxide (NO) and carbon dioxide (CO2), and, in the
reverse reaction, nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide react to form nitrogen dioxide and carbon
monoxide.
Q:2 State Law Of Mass Action. Derive an expression for equilibrium constant.
Ans: The law of mass action states that the rate of a reaction is proportional to the product of the
concentrations of each reactant.
This law can be used to explain the behavior exhibited by solutions in dynamic equilibria. The law of
mass action also suggests that the ratio of the reactant concentration and the product concentration is
constant at a state of chemical equilibrium.
The Equilibrium Constant (Kc)
The concentration of reactants and products, at equilibrium, are constant at a given temperature.
Consider the following simple reversible reaction where A & B are the reactants whereas C & D are the
products.
A+B⇌C+D
A mixture of products and reactants in a state of chemical equilibrium is known as and equilibrium
mixture. There exists a relation between the concentration of products and the concentration of
reactants for an equilibrium mixture. This relation can be equated as follows.

Here, Kc- is called the equilibrium constant. In this equation, the concentration of A at equilibrium is
represented as [A] (similarly for B, C, and D), and the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants and
products are 1. It has been experimentally observed that the equilibrium constant is also dependent on
the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants and products.
Therefore, the law of mass action dictates that the equilibrium constant, at a given constant
temperature, is equal to the product of the concentration of products raised to the respective
stoichiometric coefficients divided by the product of the reactant concentrations, each raised to the
corresponding stoichiometric coefficient.
This is also known as the equilibrium law or the law of chemical equilibrium.
Q:3 Describe The Characteristics Of Equilibrium Constant.
Characteristics Of Equilibrium Constant:
1. Kc only works in equilibrium.
2. It represents the equilibrium concentration of the reactant and product in mol.dm-3.
3. Kc is independent of reactant and product concentrations.
4.Kc varies with temperature.
5. Kc is a balanced chemical equation coefficient. In a balanced chemical equation, each reactant and
product has a concentration equal to its coefficient.
6. Kc represents equilibrium position. If Kc is larger than 1, the reaction is forward. If Kc is less than 1,
the reaction is a reverse reaction.
7. Remember that equilibrium constant Kc is a ratio of reactant to product that is utilized to define
chemical behavior.
Q:04 How Can You predict The following stages ....... ?
Answer:

Chapter 1 Chemical Equilibrium

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Chapter 1 Chemical Equilibrium

Short Question & Answers

Q:1 Define Chemical Equilibrium with example:

remains constant." Example : H2(g)+I2(g)↽⇀HI(g)

Q:2 Why Chemical Equilibrium Is dynamic?

equilibrium is reached , So that chemical equilibrium is dynamic .

Q:5 Outline The Characteristics Of Reversible Reaction?

conversion of products to reactants occur simultaneously.

3) In Reversible Reaction Rate Of Forward reaction equals to rate of reverse Reaction.

4 ) In Reversible Reaction, when Equilibrium is achieved then Concentration Remains Constant.

Q:6 Distinguished between irreversible and reversible reaction.

Law Of Mass Action

Representation Of Active Mass

value is expressed in square brackets.

is mol.dm-3. Consider a reaction:

product are not equal , Kc has a unit.

Let us Consider the Following reaction:

Q:09 How Direction Of a reaction can be predicted If Kc is known to you?

Q:10 Write Equilibrium constant expression for the following reactions?

Long Question and Answers:

Q:1 Describe Dynamic Equilibrium with two examples.

Dynamic Equilibrium is can be defined as a state of balance between continuing processes.

Briefly we can define it like this,

remains unchanged over time.

concentrations of each reactant.

constant at a state of chemical equilibrium.

The Equilibrium Constant (Kc)

reactants for an equilibrium mixture. This relation can be equated as follows.

the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants and products.

corresponding stoichiometric coefficient.

Q:3 Describe The Characteristics Of Equilibrium Constant.

Characteristics Of Equilibrium Constant:

1. Kc only works in equilibrium.

2. It represents the equilibrium concentration of the reactant and product in mol.dm-3.

3. Kc is independent of reactant and product concentrations.

4.Kc varies with temperature.

product has a concentration equal to its coefficient.

the reaction is a reverse reaction.

Q:04 How Can You predict The following stages ....... ?

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