Assignment

Name: Jambi G.
Eballonado Year/Section: BSEd Science 2A

Chapter 5. Chemical Equilibrium
Assignment no. 1: Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium
1. Explain what is meant by a reaction rate
- Reaction rate When the concentrations of the reactants are raised, the reaction proceeds more
quickly. This is due to an increase in the number of molecules that have the minimum
required energy. For gases, increasing pressure has the same effect as increasing
concentration. When solids and liquids react, increasing the surface area of the solid will
increase the reaction rate. A decrease in particle size causes an increase in the solid’s total
surface area. Raising the reaction temperature by 10 °C can double or triple the reaction rate.
This is due to an increase in the number of particles that have the minimum energy required.
The reaction rate decreases with a decrease in temperature.
2. Describe how reactions occur using collision theory
- Collision theory states that chemical reactions occur between particles when the molecules
collide together, if they have enough energy to cause a reaction. So in theory, we could
increase the rate of reaction if we have more collisions, or if more collisions have enough
energy.
3. Draw a potential energy diagrams for exothermic and endothermic reactions

4. List the four factors affecting the rate of reaction and explain how they operate in terms of
collision theory
The factors that affect reaction rates are:
- Reactant concentration. Increasing the concentration of one or more reactants will often
increase the rate of reaction. This occurs because a higher concentration of a reactant will
lead to more collisions of that reactant in a specific time period.
- Physical state of the reactants and surface area. If reactant molecules exist in different
phases, as in a heterogeneous mixture, the rate of reaction will be limited by the surface area
of the phases that are in contact.
- Temperature. An increase in temperature typically increases the rate of reaction. An
increase in temperature will raise the average kinetic energy of the reactant molecules.
Therefore, a greater proportion of molecules will have the minimum energy necessary for an
effective collision.
- Presence of a catalyst. A catalyst is a substance that accelerates a reaction by participating in
it without being consumed. Catalysts provide an alternate reaction pathway to obtain
products. They are critical to many biochemical reactions.
5. Explain what is meant by chemical equilibrium and the conditions necessary for the attainment of
such a state.
- Chemical equilibrium in a chemical reaction, the state in which both reactants and products
are present at concentrations that have no further tendency to change with time. Chemical
equilibrium is the state in which the forward reaction rate and the reverse reaction rate are
equal. The result of this equilibrium is that the concentrations of the reactants and the
products do not change. However, just because concentrations aren’t changing does not mean
that all chemical reaction has ceased. Just the opposite is true; chemical equilibrium is a
dynamic state in which reactants are being converted into products at all times, but at the
exact rate that products are being converted back into reactants.
6. Using Le Chatelier’s principle, explain how do the following affect the change in the equilibrium
a. Concentration
- According to Le Chatelier's principle, adding additional reactant to a system will shift the
equilibrium to the right, towards the side of the products. By the same logic, reducing the
concentration of any product will also shift equilibrium to the right.
b. Temperature
- By Le Chatelier's principle, increasing the temperature will shift the equilibrium to the right,
producing more NO2.
c. Pressure
- A change in pressure or volume will result in an attempt to restore equilibrium by creating
more or less moles of gas. For example, if the pressure in a system increases, or the volume
- decreases, the equilibrium will shift to favor the side of the reaction that involves fewer moles
of gas.
Chapter 5. Chemical Equilibrium
Assignment no. 3: Equilibrium constant and Qualitative interpretation of Keq
1. Explain what is meant by chemical equilibrium and the conditions necessary for the attainment of
such a state.
- Chemical equilibrium, condition in the course of a reversible chemical reaction in which no
net change in the amounts of reactants and products occurs. A reversible chemical reaction is
one in which the products, as soon as they are formed, react to produce the original reactants.
2. Write the equilibrium constant expression for a reaction given a balanced chemical equation.
3. Qualitatively interpret values of Keq in terms of position of the equilibrium.
Answer the following:
1. Balance and write the equilibrium constant expression for each of the following reactions:
a. H2(g) + N2(g) NH3(g)
b. C2H4(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O (g)

c. Al2 (SO4)3(s) Al3+ (aq) + SO41-
2. Describe qualitatively the position of the equilibrium for each of the following reactions:

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Name: Jambi G.

Eballonado Year/Section: BSEd Science 2A

2. Describe how reactions occur using collision theory

3. Draw a potential energy diagrams for exothermic and endothermic reactions

Assignment no. 3: Equilibrium constant and Qualitative interpretation of Keq

3. Qualitatively interpret values of Keq in terms of position of the equilibrium.

Answer the following:

b. C2H4(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O (g)

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