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ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION New Edited

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20 views

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION New Edited

Uploaded by

emshreeshivani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ELECTROMAGNETIC

INDUCTION
INDEX

S.NO. OBJECTIVES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. PRINCIPLE
3. THEORY
4. WORKING AND
CONSTRUCTION
5. FARADAY’S EXPERIMENT
6. FARADAY’S FIRST LAW
7. FARADAY’S SECOND LAW
8. LENZ LAW
9. APPLICATIONS
10. BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION

The word electromagnetic Induction is


made up of two words Electromagnet +
Induction. So let's understand the
meaning of these two words:
Electro Magnet
An electromagnet is a type of magnet in
which the magnetic field is produced by
electric current. The magnetic field
disappears when the current is turned
off.
Induction
The process of generating current in a
conductor by placing the conductor in a
changing magnetic field is called
induction .So we can define
electromagnetic induction as-
It is the production of a potential
difference (voltage) across a conductor
when it is exposed to a varying magnetic
field. Electromagnetic induction is when
an electromagnetic field causes
molecule in another object to flow.
Induction can produce electricity (in
coils), heat (in ferrous metals), or waves
(in a radio transmitter). Finally, it is
refers to the phenomenon where an emf
is induced when the magnetic flux
linking a conductor change.
PRINCIPLE-

Electromagnetic induction is a process


where a conductor placed in a changing
magnetic field (or a conductor moving
through a stationary magnetic field) causes
the production of a voltage across the
conductor. This process of electromagnetic
induction, in turn, causes an electrical
current it is said to induce the current.
THEORY

Electromagnetic induction was discovered by


Michael Faraday, published in 1831. It was
discovered independently by Joseph Henry in 1832.
If magnetic flux through a coil is altered then an
e.m.f. will be generated in the coil. This effect was
first observed and explained by Ampere and
Faraday between 1825 and 1831. Faraday
discovered that an e.m.f. could be generated either
by,
(a) moving the coil or the source of flux relative to
each other or by
(b) changing the magnitude of the source of
magnetic flux in some way.
Working and Construction:

Current is produced in a conductor when it is


moved through a magnetic field because the
magnetic lines of force are applying a force on
the free electrons in the conductor and causing
them to move. This process of generating
current in a conductor by placing the conductor
in a changing magnetic field is called induction.
This is called induction because there is no
physical connection between the conductor and
the magnet. The current is said to be induced in
the conductor by the magnetic field. One
requirement for this electromagnetic induction
to take place is that the conductor, which is
often a piece of wire, must be perpendicular to
the magnetic lines of force in order to produce
the maximum force on the free electrons. The
direction that the induced current flows is
determined by the direction of the lines of force
and by the direction the wire is moving in the
field. In the animation above the ammeter (the
instrument used to measure current) indicates
when there is current in the conductor.
Faraday's Experiment

Michael Faraday performed series of


experiments and based on the results he gave
law on induction.Magnetic field is capable of
producing current in a conductor.Faraday took
a coil and attached a galvanometer to it. As
there is no battery attached therefore there is
no source of current.He brought the magnet
near the coil.
When the magnet is moved towards the coil
galvanometer showed deflection.Galvanometer
even showed the deflection in the opposite
direction when the magnet is taken away from
the coil.When magnet was not moved there
was no deflection in the galvanometer.This
show current is related to magnet.
Faster the magnet is moved the more is the
deflection in the galvanometer. This showed
more and more current flows if the magnet is
moved very fast.
Same effect was observed if the coil is moved
and the magnet was not moved.

From this experiment, Faraday concluded that


whenever there is relative motion between a
conductor and a magnetic field, the flux
linkage with a coil changes and this change in
flux induces a voltage across a coil.

Michael Faraday formulated two laws on the


basis of the above experiments. These laws are
called Faraday's laws of electromagnetic
induction
MATERIALS REQUIRED

Magnetic bar, a galvanometer, coil and connecting wire

PROCEDURE

I. Take a coil of wire having a large number of turns.

2. Connect the end of the coil to a galvanometer.

3. Take a strong bar magnet and move its north pole into
the coil and observe the changes in the galvanometer
needle.

4. Repeat earlier step with the south pole of the bar


magnet.

5. Now repeat the procedure with the coil having a


different number of turns and the variation in the
deflection of the galvanometer needle.
OBSERVATION

I. When we move the magnet in or out of the coil, the


needle of galvanometer gets deflected in different
directions.

2. When we insert the north pole (N) of bar magnet into


the coil, the deflection is towards right.

3. When we insert the south pole (S) of bar magnet into


the coil, the deflection is towards left.

4. When we move the bar magnet in or out of the coil


with varying speed, the speed of deflection changes
accordingly.

5. As we increase the number of turns in the coil, the


deflection increases.

6. Relative motion between magnet and coil induced


electric current in the coil.
Lenz Law

Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz was a Russian


physicist of Baltic German descent who gave
his law on electromagnetic induction. His law
was important because it states that when a
voltage is created by a change in magnetic flux,
the induced voltage must create a current
whose magnetic field is in opposition to the
change which produces it.
FARADAY’S
LAW

Emf = -N ∆Ф
LENZ’S ∆t
LAW
Applications Of Electromagnetic
Induction

* Electrical Generator

The EMF generated by Faraday's law of


induction due to relative movement of a circuit
and a magnetic field is the phenomenon
underlying electrical generators. When a
permanent magnet is moved relative to a
conductor, or vice versa, an electromotive force
is created. If the wire is connected through an
electrical load, current will flow, and thus
electrical energy is generated, converting the
mechanical energy of motion to electrical
energy.
CARD READERS

When you swipe the card, the credit card


machine's coil of wires causes a change in the
magnetic field. The change in magnetic field
induces a voltage that creates a current that is
used to signal your account information to the
machine.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

* Physic Textbook NCERT

PHYSICS

https://aplusphysics.com

https://en.wikipedia.org/

* Google Search Engine

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