PHYSY PHYSY PROJ 333333333

INTRODUCTION
Electro Magnet:
An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic
field is produced by electric current. The magnetic field
disappears when the current is turned off.
INDUCTION:
This process of generating current in a conductor by placing the
conductor in a changing magnetic field is called induction.
Electromagnetic induction:
Electromagnetic induction is the production. of a potential
difference (voltage) across a conductor when it is exposed to a
varying magnetic field. Electromagnetic induction is when an
electromagnetic field causes molecules in another object to
flow. Induction can. produce. electricity (in coils), heat (in
ferrous metals), or waves (in a radio transmitter).
Finally, it is referring to the phenomenon where an emf is
induced when the magnetic flux linking a conductor change.
Magnetic Flux is defined as the product of the magnetic flux
density and the area normal to the field through which the field
is passing. It is a scalar quantity and its S.I. unit is the weber
(Wb).
φ=B A
PRINCIPLE:
Electromagnetic induction (or sometimes just induction) is a
process where a conductor placed in a changing magnetic field
(or a conductor moving through a stationary magnetic field)
causes the production of a voltage across the conductor. This
process of electromagnetic induction, in turn, causes an
electrical current - it is said to induce the current
THEORY:
INVENTION:
Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of
induction in 1831 though it may have been anticipated by the
work of Francesco Zantedeschi in 1829. Around 1830 to 1832,
Joseph Henry made a similar discovery, but did not publish his
findings until later.
INDUCED EMF:
If magnetic flux through a coil is altered then an e.m.f. will be
generated in the coil. This effect was first observed and
explained by Ampere and Faraday between 1825 and 1831.
Faraday discovered that an e.m.f. could be generated either by,
(a) moving the coil or the source of flux relative to each
other or
(b) By changing the magnitude of the source of magnetic
flux.
Note that the e.m.f. is only produced while the flux is
changing.
For example, consider two coils.as. shown in. Figure 1.
Working and Construction:
Current is produced in a conductor when it is moved through a
magnetic field because the magnetic lines of force are applying
a force on the free electrons in the conductor and causing them
to move. This process of generating current in a conductor by
placing the conductor in a changing magnetic field is called
induction. This is called induction because there is no physical
connection between the conductor and the magnet. The
current.is said to be induced in the conductor by the magnetic
field. One requirement for this electromagnetic induction to
take place is that the conductor, which is often a piece of wire,
must be perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force in order to
produce the maximum force on the free electrons. The
direction that the induced current flows is determined by the
direction of the lines of force and by the direction the wire is
moving in the field. In the animation above the ammeter (the
instrument used to measure current) indicates when there is
current in the conductor.
Lenz's Law:
When an emf is generated by a change in magnetic flux
according to Faraday's Law, the polarity of the induced emf is
such that it produces a current whose magnetic field opposes
the change which produces it. The induced magnetic field inside
any loop of wire always acts to keep the magnetic flux in the
loop constant. In the examples below, if the B field is increasing,
the induced field acts in opposition to it. If it is decreasing, the
induced field acts in the direction of the applied field to try to
keep it constant.
APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION:
Electrical Generator:
The EMF generated by Faraday's law of induction due to relative
movement of a circuit and a magnetic field is the phenomenon
underlying electrical generators. When a permanent magnet is
moved relative to a conductor, or vice versa, an electromotive
force is created. If the wire is connected through an electrical
load, current will flow, and thus electrical. energy is generated,
converting the mechanical energy of motion to electrical energy
ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMER:
The EMF predicted by Faraday's law is also responsible for
electrical transformers. When the electric current in a loop of
wire changes, the changing current creates a changing magnetic
field. A second wire in reach of this magnetic field will
experience this change in magnetic field as a change in its
dφB
coupled magnetic flux, dt Therefore, an electromotive force is
set up in the second loop called the induced EMF or
transformer EMF. If the two ends of this loop are connected
through.an electrical load, current will flow.
OBSERVATION:
Magnet is moved at certain rate and certain voltage is
produced.
Magnet is moved at faster rate and creating a greater

induced voltage.
Magnet is moved at same speed through coil that has greater

number of turn and greater voltage is induced.
CONCLUSION
Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, first observed and
published by Michael Faraday in the mid-nineteenth century,
describes a very important electro-magnetic concept. Although
its mathematical representations are cryptic, the essence of
Faraday’s is not hard to grasp: it relates an induced electric
potential or voltage to a dynamic magnetic field. This concept
has many far-reaching ramifications that touch our lives in many
ways: from the shining of the sun, to the convenience of mobile
communications, to electricity to power our homes. We can all
appreciate the profound impact Faraday’s Law has on us.
APPLICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION IN REAL LIFE
The principles of electromagnetic induction are applied in many
devices and systems, including:
Electrical generators
Induction motors
Induction sealing
Inductive charging
Transformers
Wireless energy transfer
Wireless charger
PRECAUTIONS:
 Do all the connection carefully
 Do not scratch insulated copper wire while making loop
 Do not use digital voltmeter for above demonstration
 Do not use very thick or thin copper wire
 Use only insulated copper wire
 Keep your self safe from high voltage
 Before doing any experiment please consult to your subject
teacher or lab assistance
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 Wikipedia.com
 Google search engine
 Physics NCERT book for class XII

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INTRODUCTION

Magnet is moved at faster rate and creating a greater

Magnet is moved at same speed through coil that has greater

Wireless energy transfer

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