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    Chapter 4 - VD

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    m.k.alwadi

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Chapter 4 - VD

    Uploaded by

    m.k.alwadi
    4 views8 pages

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    4 views8 pages

    Chapter 4 - VD

    Uploaded by

    m.k.alwadi

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 8

    Vacuum Distillation

    Distillation of the residue from the atmospheric


    Topped crude is heated to 390-450°C in afurnace
    Steam addition minimize coke formation and furnace outlet
    temperature

    The principles of vacuum distillation resemble those of fractional distillation


    except that larger diameter columns are used to maintain comparable vapor
    velocities at the reduced pressures. The internal designs of some vacuum
    towers are different from atmospheric towers in that random packing and
    demister pads are used instead of trays.
    PFD of Vacuum Distillation

    Distillation of the residue from the atmospheric distillation (topped


    crude) tower at low pressure (25-40 mmHg)
    Topped crude is heated to 390-450°C in a furnace
    ( temperature is depending on toking propensity of crude oil )
    Products of Vacuum Distillation
    Gases
    Vacuum Gas oil
    Light
    Heavy
    Vacuum Residue
    (Asphalt)
    To improve vaporization, the pressure is lowered even further (to
    10 mmHg or less) by the addition of steam to the furnace inlet and
    at the bottom of the vacuum tower.

    Steam to the furnace inlet:


    • Increases the furnace tube velocity
    • Minimizes coke formation in the furnace
    • Decreasing the total hydrocarbon partial pressure in the vacuum tower.

    The amount of stripping steam depends on :


    • Boiling range of the feed
    • The fraction vaporized

    Generally 10 to 50 lb/bbl feed


    Vacuum tower

    Examples of
    packing
    • Raschig rings
    • Pall rings
    • Berl saddle
    ceramic rings,
    Vacuum Distillation Operation

    Dry Operation
    No steam is added to the topped crude before the
    furnace inlet nor to the vacuum column
    Requires highest furnace outlet temperature and lower
    pressures
    Damp Operation
    Steam is added to the topped crude at the furnace inlet
    Requires intermediate furnace outlet temperature
    Wet Operation
    Steam is added to both the topped crude at the furnace
    inlet and the bottom of the vacuum column
    Requires lowest furnace outlet temperature

    • Dry design is more applicable to gas oil and fuels production.


    • Wet design is more suited to the production of gas oil, lube oils,
    asphalt, or waxes.
    Pressure Maintaining Devices
    Steam Ejectors and Barometric Condenser are
    used to create vacuum pressure at the top of the
    column
    1. High velocity steam enters a zone containing
    low velocity vapors
    2. Steam mix with these vapor and propel them
    towards Venturi-shaped diffuser
    3. Inside the diffuser, the kinetic energy is converted
    to pressure energy carrying
    the steam and vapors to
    higher pressure zone
    .

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