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Laboratory 4 Sieve Analysis

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33 views

Laboratory 4 Sieve Analysis

Uploaded by

moodythebeauty09
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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LABORATORY #4

GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS


(SIEVE ANALYSIS)

Purpose:
This test is performed to determine the percentage of different grain sizes
contained within a soil. The mechanical or sieve analysis is performed to
determine the distribution of the coarser, larger-sized particles, and the hydrometer
method is used to determine the distribution of the finer particles.

Standard Reference:
ASTM D 422 - Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils

Significance:
The distribution of different grain sizes affects the engineering properties of
soil. Grain size analysis provides the grain size distribution, and it is required in
classifying the soil.

Equipment:
Balance, Set of sieves, Cleaning brush, Sieve shaker, Mixer (blender)
Test Procedure:
Sieve Analysis:
(1) Write down the weight of each sieve as well as the bottom pan to be
used in the analysis.

(2) Record the weight of the given dry soil sample.

(3) Make sure that all the sieves are clean, and assemble them in the
ascending order of sieve numbers (#4 sieve at top and #200 sieve at
bottom). Place the pan below #200 sieve. Carefully pour the soil
sample into the top sieve and place the cap over it.

(4) Place the sieve stack in the mechanical shaker and shake for 10
minutes.

(5) Remove the stack from the shaker and carefully weigh and record the
weight of each sieve with its retained soil. In addition, remember to
weigh and record the weight of the bottom pan with its retained fine
soil.

Data Analysis:
Sieve Analysis:
(1) Obtain the mass of soil retained on each sieve by subtracting the
weight of the empty sieve from the mass of the sieve + retained soil,
and record this mass as the weight retained on the data sheet. The
sum of these retained masses should be approximately equals the
initial mass of the soil sample. A loss of more than two percent is
unsatisfactory.
(2) Calculate the percent retained on each sieve by dividing the weight
retained on each sieve by the original sample mass.

(3) Calculate the percent passing (or percent finer) by starting with 100
percent and subtracting the percent retained on each sieve as a
cumulative procedure.
For example: Total mass = 500 g
Mass retained on No. 4 sieve = 9.7 g
Mass retained on No. 10 sieve = 39.5 g

For the No.4 sieve:


Quantity passing = Total mass - Mass retained
= 500 - 9.7 = 490.3 g
The percent retained is calculated as;
% retained = Mass retained/Total mass
= (9.7/500) X 100 = 1.9 %
From this, the % passing = 100 - 1.9 = 98.1 %

For the No. 10 sieve:


Quantity passing = Mass arriving - Mass retained
= 490.3 - 39.5 = 450.8 g
% Retained = (39.5/500) X 100 = 7.9 %
% Passing = 100 - 1.9 - 7.9 = 90.2 %
(Alternatively, use % passing = % Arriving - % Retained
For No. 10 sieve = 98.1 - 7.9 = 90.2 %)

(4) Make a semilogarithmic plot of grain size vs. percent finer.

(5) Compute Cc and Cu for the soil.


EXAMPLE DATA
Grain Size Analysis
Sieve Analysis
Date Tested: September 15, 2002
Tested By: CEMM315 Class, Group A
Project Name: CEMM315 Lab
Sample Number: B-1, ST-1, 2’-3. 5’
Visual Classification of Soil: Brown Clayey to silty sand, trace fine gravel
Weight of Container: 198.5 gm
Wt. Container+Dry Soil: 722.3 gm
Wt. of Dry Sample: 523.8 gm

Mass of Mass of Soil


Sieve Diameter Percent Percent
Empty Sieve+Soil Retained
Number (mm) Retained Passing
Sieve (g) Retained (g) (g)
4 4.75 116.23 166.13 49.9 9.5 90.5
10 2. 0 99.27 135.77 36.5 7.0 83.5
20 0.84 97.58 139.68 42.1 8.0 75.5
40 0.425 98.96 138.96 40.0 7.6 67.8
60 0. 25 91.46 114.46 23.0 4.4 63.4
140 0.106 93.15 184.15 91.0 17.4 46.1
200 0.075 90.92 101.12 10.2 1.9 44.1
Pan --- 70.19 301.19 231.0 44.1 0.0
Total Weight= 523.7

* Percent passing=100-cumulative percent retained.

From Grain Size Distribution Curve:

% Gravel= 9.5_ D10= 0.002 mm


% Sand= 46.4_ D30= 0.017 mm
% Fines= 44.1_ D60= .0.25 mm

0.25 2
C = = 125, C = (0.017 )
u 0.002 c 0.25  0.002 = 0.58

Unified Classification of Soil: SC/SM_


59

DATA SHEETS
Grain Size Analysis
Sieve Analysis

Date Tested: October 06, 2022


Tested By: Jesselyn D. Estopito
Project Name: Grain Size Analysis
Sample Number: 1
Visual Classification of Soil: Brown Silty Soil

Weight of Container: 384.3 gm


Wt. Container+Dry Soil: 955.1 gm
Wt. of Dry Sample:570.9 gm

Mass of Mass of Soil


Sieve Diameter Percent Percent
Empty Sieve+Soil Retained
Number (mm) Retained Passing
Sieve (g) Retained (g) (g)
4 4.75 280.4 313.4 33 5.78 94.22
10 2. 0 447.8 525.8 78 13.66 80.56
20 0.84 404.6 570 165.4 28.97 51.59
40 0.425 381.4 525.3 143.9 25.21 26.38
60 0. 25 358 404.1 46.1 8.07 18.30
100 0.149 347.3 371.4 24.1 4.22 14.08
200 0.075 308.1 355.6 47.5 8.32 5.76
Pan --- 384.3 417.2 32.9 5.76 0.00
Total Weight= 570.9
* Percent passing=100-cumulative percent retained.

From Grain Size Distribution Curve:


% Gravel= 5.78 D10= 0.978 mm
D30= 0.485 mm
% Sand= 88.45
D60= 0.091 mm
% Fines= 5.76

Unified Classification of Soil:


DOCUMENTATIONS

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