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GEOTECH-LAB-1

The document outlines the procedure for conducting a Grain Size Analysis (Sieve Analysis) according to ASTM D 422 to determine the distribution of soil grain sizes. It details the purpose, significance, equipment needed, and step-by-step test procedure, including data analysis methods for calculating percent retained and percent passing for each sieve. The results are essential for classifying soil and understanding its engineering properties.

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Ichiro Branzuela
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2 views

GEOTECH-LAB-1

The document outlines the procedure for conducting a Grain Size Analysis (Sieve Analysis) according to ASTM D 422 to determine the distribution of soil grain sizes. It details the purpose, significance, equipment needed, and step-by-step test procedure, including data analysis methods for calculating percent retained and percent passing for each sieve. The results are essential for classifying soil and understanding its engineering properties.

Uploaded by

Ichiro Branzuela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Geotechnical Engineering (CE-12 -D)

DWCC School of Engineering

LABORATORY TEST #1
GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS (ASTM D 422)
(SIEVE ANALYSIS)

Purpose:
This test is performed to determine the percentage of different grain sizes contained within a
soil. The mechanical or sieve analysis is performed to determine the distribution of the coarser, larger-
sized particles, and the hydrometer method is used to determine the distribution of the finer particles.

Standard Reference:
ASTM D 422 - Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils

Significance:
The distribution of different grain sizes affects the engineering properties of soil. Grain size
analysis provides the grain size distribution, and it is required in classifying the soil.

Equipment:
Balance, Set of sieves, Cleaning brush, Sieve shaker

Test Procedure:

Sieve Analysis:
(1) Write down the weight of each sieve as well as the bottom pan to be used in the analysis.

(2) Record the weight of the given dry soil sample.

(3) Make sure that all the sieves are clean, and assemble them in the ascending order of sieve
numbers (#4 sieve at top and #200 sieve at bottom). Place the pan below #200 sieve. Carefully
pour the soil sample into the top sieve and place the cap over it.

(4) Place the sieve stack in the mechanical shaker and shake for 10 minutes.

(5) Remove the stack from the shaker and carefully weigh and record the weight of each sieve
with its retained soil. In addition, remember to weigh and record the weight of the bottom pan
with its retained fine soil.

Data Analysis:

Sieve Analysis:
(1) Obtain the mass of soil retained on each sieve by subtracting the weight of the empty sieve
from the mass of the sieve + retained soil, and record this mass as the weight retained on the
data sheet. The sum of these retained masses should be approximately equals the initial mass
of the soil sample. A loss of more than two percent is unsatisfactory.

(2) Calculate the percent retained on each sieve by dividing the weight retained on each sieve
by the original sample mass.

(3) Calculate the percent passing (or percent finer) by starting with 100 percent and subtracting
the percent retained on each sieve as a cumulative procedure.
For example: Total mass = 500 g
Mass retained on No. 4 sieve = 9.7g
Mass retained on No. 10 sieve = 39.5 g
For the No.4 sieve:
Quantity passing = Total mass - Mass retained
= 500-9.7490.3 g

The percent retained is calculated as:


% retained = Mass retained/Total mass
=(9.7/500) X 100= 1.9%
From this, the % passing 100 -1.9=98.1% |

For the No. 10 sieve:


Quantity passing = Mass arriving - Mass retained
= 490.3-39.5= 450.8 g

% Retained (39.5/500) X 100 = 7.9%


% Passing = 100 -1.9-7.990.2%
(Alternatively, use % passing = % Arriving - % Retained
For No. 10 sieve = 98.1-7.9=90.2%)

(4) Make a semilogarithmic plot of grain size vs. percent finer.

(5) Compute MC,Cu, Cc, So and Sn of the soil.


Cumulative
Mass Mass
Sieve Diameter Percent
Retained Retained
Number (mm) Passing
(g)
(g)

10

20

40

60

140

200

Pan

Total
Weight
=

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