Chapter – 1

Heat
Exercise
1. State few similarities and differences between the laboratory
thermometer and the clinical thermometer.
Answer:

IS
The similarities between the laboratory thermometer and clinical
thermometer are as follows:

AD
(i) Mercury is used in laboratory thermometer as well as in clinical
thermometer.

N
A I O y
(ii) Both the thermometer consists of a long, narrow tube of glass.

R T p
The differences between the laboratory thermometer as well as

P CA Co
clinical temperature are as follows:
(i) The least count of both the temperature differs.

© U t
(ii) The range of the temperature used in a laboratory thermometer is
high from -100C to 1100C whereas, in case of the clinical

D o
thermometer, the range is 350 to 420.

E N
(iii) Clinical thermometer is used to measure body temperature
however laboratory thermometer is not used for the purpose of

o
measuring body temperature.

D
2. Give any two examples each of conductors and insulators of heat.
Answer:
Conductors are the materials which can allow heat to pass through
them whereas insulators doesn’t allow heat to pass through them. The
examples of conductors are: Aluminium, Iron and Copper. The
examples of insulators are wood and plastic.
3. Fill in the blanks:
a. The hotness of an object is determined by its _____.
b. Temperature of boiling water cannot be measured by _______
thermometer.
c. Temperature is measured in degree ______.
d. No medium is required for transfer of heat by the process of
_______.
e. A cold steel spoon is dipped in a cup of hot milk. It transfers heat

S
to its other end by the process of _______.

I
f. Clothes of ______ colours absorb heat better than clothes of light

D
colours.
Answer:

A N
O y
a. The hotness of an object is determined by its temperature.

A I
The more is the Temperature of object, the more it will be hot and

R T p
lesser the temperature of object, lesser will be hotness.

P CA Co
b. Temperature of boiling water cannot be measured by clinical
temperature.

© U t
Because the range of clinical temperature (35o C to 42o 𝐶) is less and
the temperature of boiling water is high. So, it can’t be measured

D o
using clinical temperature.

E N
c. Temperature is measured in unit Celsius.

o
The temperature is measured with the help of Celsius scale and the
symbol is indicated by ℃.

D
d. No medium is required for transfer of heat by the process of
Radiation. There is no requirement of any medium to transfer heat in
case of radiation.
e. A cold steel spoon is dipped in a cup of hot milk. It transfers heat to
its other end by the process of conduction
Because cold steel spoon is a body of low temperature and hot milk
acts as a body of high temperature. So, there is a transfer of heat from
hot milk to cold steel spoon and this process is known as conduction.
f. Clothes of dark colours absorb heat better than clothes of light
colours. This is because dark colour absorbs more heat than light
coloured objects as light coloured objects reflects most of the heat that
falls on them.

4. Match the following:

i. Land breeze blows during (a) summer

S
ii. Sea breeze blow during (b) winter

D I
iii. Dark coloured clothes are preferred during
iv. Light coloured clothes are preferred during.
(c) day
(d) night
Answer:

A A N
O y
I
The correct match is: i (d)

R T p
Land breeze blows during night because at night the water cools down

P CA Co
more slowly than the land, so the cool air moves towards the sea from
land and is known as land breeze.

© U t
The correct match is: ii. (c)

D
Sea breeze blows during day because during the day the land gets

o
heated faster than the water. The air over the land becomes hotter and

E N
then moves up. The cooler air from sea rushes in towards the land to
take its place. The warm air from the land moves to sea to complete

o
the cycle. This is known as Sea Breeze.

D
The correct match is: iii. (b)
Dark coloured clothes are preferred during winter because dark
coloured objects absorbs radiations better than light coloured clothes
and help in keeping the body warm during winter.
The correct match is: iv. (a)
Light coloured clothes are preferred during summer because they
reflect most of the radiation falling on the body and thus light
coloured clothes are preferred in summers.
5. Discuss why wearing more layers of clothing during winter keeps
us warmer than wearing just one thick piece of clothing?
Answer:
Wearing more layers of clothing during winter keeps us warmer than
wearing just one thick piece of clothing because air gets trapped in
between the layers of the clothes and air, being a bad conductor of

S
heat, doesn’t allow heat to pass through them and heat is retained

I
within the layers keeping the clothes warm.

AD N
6. Look at Fig. 4.13. Mark where the heat is being transferred by

O y
conduction, by convection and by radiation.

R A T I p
P CA Co
© U t
D
E N o
o
Answer:

D
Since there is no requirement of any medium for transfer of heat in
radiation and in conduction, there is transfer of heat between the
solids and in case of liquids and gases, heat is transferred by the
process of convection. The transfer of heat by different processes can
be shown by the diagram as follows:
 IS
7. In places of hot climate, it is advised that the outer walls of houses

Answer:

AD
be painted white. Explain.

N
A I O y
In places of hot climate, it is advised that the outer walls of houses be

R T
painted white because white is a light colour and more heat is

P CA Co p
reflected from the surface and there is less absorption of heat by the
walls. It helps in keeping the house cool.

© U t
8. One litre of water at 30°C is mixed with one litre of water at 50°C.

D
The temperature of the mixture will be
a. 80°C

E N o
b. more than 50°C but less than 80°C
c. 20°C

o
d. between 30°C and 50°C

D
Answer:
One litre of water at 30°C is mixed with one litre of water at 50°C.
The temperature of the mixture will be between 30°C and 50°C. This
is because there is transferred of heat from an object with high
temperature to an object having a low temperature. So, heat will flow
from one litre of water at 50°C to one litre of water at 30°C. So, the
temperature of the mixture will be between 30°C and 50°C.
9. An iron ball at 40o C is dropped in a mug containing water at 40o C.
The heat will
a. flow from iron ball to water.
b. not flow from iron ball to water or from water to iron ball.
c. flow from water to iron ball.
d. increases the temperature of both.
Answer:
An iron ball at 40o C is dropped in a mug containing water at 40o C.

IS
The heat will not flow from iron ball to water or from water to iron
ball because both the objects are at same temperature and there will

AD
be no transfer of heat.

N
A I O y
10. A wooden spoon is dipped in a cup of ice-cream. Its other end

R
a. becomes cold by the process of conduction.

P CA CoT p
b. becomes cold by the process of convection.
c. becomes cold by the process of radiation.
d. does not become cold.

© U t
Answer:

D
A wooden spoon is dipped in a cup of ice-cream. Its other end does

E N o
not become cold because wood is a bad conductor of heat and doesn’t
allow heat to pass through them and is therefore, the other end of
wooden spoon will not become cold because there will be no transfer

o
of heat.

D
11. Stainless steel pans are usually provided with copper bottoms.
The reason for this could be that
a. copper bottom makes the pan more durable.
b. such pans appear colourful.
c. copper is a better conductor of heat than the stainless steel.
d. copper is easier to clean than the stainless steel.
Answer:
Stainless steel pans are usually provided with copper bottoms. The
reason for this could be that copper is a good conductor of heat and
allow to pass heat through them and is therefore can easily be heated.

1. Go to a doctor or your nearest health centre. Observe the doctor

taking temperature of patients. Enquire:
a. why she dips the thermometer in a liquid before use.
b. whey the thermometer is kept under the tongue.

IS
c. whether the body temperature can be measured by keeping the
thermometer at some place other than the mouth.

D
d. whether the temperature of different parts of the body is the

A N
same or different.

O y
You can add more questions which come to your mind.

R A
Answer:

T I p
a. She dipped the thermometer in a liquid before use. This is done to

P CA Co
avoid infection because the liquid in which the thermometer is dipped
is an antiseptic and helps in preventing infection.

© U t
b. The thermometer is kept under the tongue because below the
tongue, the body temperature is more accurate and thus helps in

D o
recording the actual body temperature.

E N
c. the body temperature can be measured by keeping the thermometer
at some place other than the mouth but the temperature placed at other

o
parts will not be so reliable and accurate because temperature of body

D
parts is different with different body parts.
d. The temperature of different parts is not same and it varies with
different body parts.

2. Go to a veterinary doctor (a doctor treats animals). Discuss and

find out the normal temperature of domestic animals and birds.
Answer:
The normal temperature of domestic animals and birds are recorded
as follows:
The normal temperature of Goat varies from 37𝑜 − 40𝑜C.
The normal temperature of a dog is about 38.3o C
The normal temperature of a pigeon (bird) is 40o C.
The normal temperature of a cat is 38o C.

IS
3. Wrap a thin paper strip tightly around an iron rod. Try to burn the

D
paper with candle while rotating the iron rod continuously. Does it

N
burn? Explain your observation.
Answer:

A A O y
I
The paper will not be burnt while rotating the iron rod continuously

R T p
because iron being a good conductor of heat, allow heat to pass

P CA Co
through them. As a result heat is taken away from the paper and the
paper doesn’t burn.

© U t
4. Take a sheet of paper. Draw a spiral on it as shown in the Fig. 4.14.

D o
Cut out the paper along the line. Suspend the paper as shown in

E N
Fig. 4.14 above a lighted candle. Observe what happens. Think of
an explanation.

D o
Answer:
When the spiral paper is suspended at flame, then the paper spiral will
keep moving because due to convection process, there will be transfer
of heat and the air present above the flame will move up which results
in movement of paper spiral.

5. Take two similar transparent glasses of bottles having wide

S
mouths. Put a few crystals of potassium permanganate or pour a

I
few drops of ink in the bottle. Fill this bottle with hot water. Fill

D
the other bottle with cold water. Cover the cold water bottle with a
thick piece of paper such as a post card. Press the post card firmly

A N
with one hand and hold the bottle with the other hand. Invert the

O y
bottle and place it on top of the hot water bottle. Hold both the

R A T I
bottles firmly. Ask some other person to pull the post card.

p
Observe what happens. Explain.

P CA Co
Answer:
When the card will be removed, then due to diffusion process there

© U t
will be movement of coloured hot water in upward direction and cold
water in downward direction. It happened because hot fluid i.e. hot

D o
water is lighter than the cold water.

E N
D o