Geometry Ch 4 Notes: Triangles

4.1 Notes: Angles in Triangles

Objectives:
• Students will be able to find missing interior angles in triangles.
• Students will be able to find exterior angles in triangles.

Exploration #1: Use the following link to explore angles in a triangle:

https://www.geogebra.org/m/FzUM9TeD
• Click on the vertices of the triangle to change the angle measurements.
• What do you notice?

• Make a conjecture (“guess”) about the angles in a triangle.

The sum of the measures of

the interior angles of a
Triangle Sum
Theorem triangle is _____.
∠𝑨 + ∠𝑩 + ∠𝑪 = _________°

A good animation of the Triangle Sum Theorem: https://www.geogebra.org/m/FAhtKpR5

Examples 1 – 4: Find the measure of each missing angle in the triangle shown.

1) 2) You try!

3) You try! 4) You try!

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Geometry Ch 4 Notes: Triangles
Examples 5 – 7: Find the measure of the variable.

7) You Try!

8) Find the measure of ∠𝐶 in the triangle from #7.

Some new names for special angles in a triangle:

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Geometry Ch 4 Notes: Triangles
Exploration #2: https://www.geogebra.org/m/sA5Mb4vd
• Click on the link to explore the relationship between an Exterior Angle and its two Remote Interior
Angles.
• Make a conjecture:

EXTERIOR ANGLE THEOREM

The measure of an exterior

Exterior angle of a triangle is equal to
Angle
Theorem
the _________ of the two
remote interior angles.
Why is this true?

Example #9: Find the measure of each exterior angle (∠1).

a. b. YOU TRY!!

Example #10: Find the value of 𝑥 in each triangle.

a. b. YOU TRY!!

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Geometry Ch 4 Notes: Triangles
4.2 Notes: Intro to Congruent Triangles
Objectives:
• Students will be able to make a congruency statement for congruent triangles.
• Students will be able to list corresponding parts for congruent triangles.
• Students will be able to find missing measures in congruent triangles.

If two triangles are congruent,

then there is a _____________
Congruent transformation (or more than
Triangles
one) that __________ one shape
onto the other.

A congruence statement lists

two _______________ shapes.
Congruence The order of the letters listed
Statement
shows which corresponding
parts are congruent.

Given that two triangles are congruent,

then C_____________________
P________ of
CPCTC C__________________________
T______________________ are
C_____________________________

Example #1:
Given that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐹𝐸𝐷. Identify all corresponding sides and corresponding angles.

a. ̅̅̅̅ ≅ _______
𝐴𝐵 d. ∠𝐴 ≅ __________

b. ̅̅̅̅ ≅ _______
𝐵𝐶 e. ∠𝐵 ≅ __________

c. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 ≅ _______ f. ∠𝐶 ≅ __________

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Geometry Ch 4 Notes: Triangles
Example #2:
Complete the congruence statement for the pair of triangles shown.

Congruence Statement: ∆𝑄𝑅𝑃 ≅ _________

YOU TRY! Example #3:

Complete the congruence statement
for the pair of triangles shown.
Then identify all corresponding
sides and angles.

Congruence Statement:

̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ _______
a. 𝑊𝑋 d. ∠𝑋 ≅ __________

̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ _______
b. 𝑊𝑌 f. ∠𝑌 ≅ __________

c. ̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑌 ≅ _______ g. ∠𝑊 ≅ __________

YOU TRY! Example #4: Given the corresponding parts that are congruent for two triangles, write
the congruence statement for the two triangles.

̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝐵
𝑃𝐿 ̅̅̅̅ ∠𝑃 ≅ ∠𝐴 ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐶𝐴
𝑉𝑃 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝑉 ≅ 𝐵𝐶 ∠𝐿 ≅ ∠𝐵 ∠𝑉 ≅ ∠𝐶

Congruence Statement:

Example #5:
In the diagram, ∆𝐷𝑂𝐺 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐴𝑇.

a. Find the value of 𝑥.

b. Find the value of 𝑦.

c. Find the perimeter of ∆𝐶𝐴𝑇.

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Geometry Ch 4 Notes: Triangles

YOU TRY! Example #6:

In the diagram, ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐼𝐻𝐺.

a. Find the value of 𝑎.

b. Find the measure of ∠𝐺.

Example #7: Given the two triangles congruent triangles

shown. Which statement below lists the rigid
transformation that maps the pre-image onto the image?

A) Translation 〈0, −2〉

B) Rotation 180 degrees clockwise about the origin.
C) Reflection in the y-axis.
D) Reflection in the x-axis.
E) Rotation 90 degrees clockwise about the origin.

Example #8: Given the two triangles congruent triangles

shown. Which statement below lists the correct congruence

statement and also the rigid transformation that maps one
triangle onto the other?

A) ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹; rotation 180 degrees about the origin

B) ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐹𝐷𝐸; rotation 180 degrees about the origin
C) ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹; reflection in the y-axis
D) ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐹𝐷𝐸; reflection in the y-axis

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Geometry Ch 4 Notes: Triangles

4.3 Notes: SSS and SAS

Objectives:
• Students will be able to identify the postulate or theorem to prove congruent triangles
• Students will be able to prove congruent triangles with SSS or SAS in two-column
proofs and use CPCTC.

Exploration #1: Use the following link to explore triangles with the same side lengths:
https://www.geogebra.org/m/rxsTwHF9
• Use the sliders to change the lengths of the sides of the first triangle.
• Move the white circle to change the location of one vertex of the second triangle.
• Notice that both triangles have the same three side lengths.
• Make a conjecture (“guess”) about two triangles that have the same three side lengths:

If 3 sides of one ∆ are ≅ to 3

Side-Side- sides of another ∆, then the
Side ∆s are _______________ by SSS.
Postulate
(SSS) A postulate is a statement that is agreed to
be true but cannot be proven to be true.

Example 1: Given the diagram shown, are the triangles

congruent?

How do you know?

If they are congruent, then write a congruence statement.

The Reflexive Property

Reflexive states that any side or
Property angle is ____________ to
_____________.

Example 2: Given the diagram shown, are the triangles

congruent?

How do you know?

If they are congruent, then write a congruence statement.

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Geometry Ch 4 Notes: Triangles

Exploration #2: Use the following link to explore triangles with the two side lengths and one included
angle that are congruent: https://www.geogebra.org/m/bM5FkyFK
• Use the sliders on the right to change the lengths of the sides and the measure of the included angle.
• Use the slider on the bottom to copy the first triangle onto the second triangle.
• Make a conjecture (“guess”) about two triangles that have the two congruent sides and one congruent
included angle:

An Included Angle is the

angle _____________ two
Included
sides of a triangle. The
Angle
sides of the triangle are
the sides of the angle.

If 2 sides and an included

Side-Angle-
∠ of one ∆ are ≅ to 2 sides
Side
and an included ∠ of
Postulate
another ∆, then the ∆s are
(SAS)
____________________ by SAS.

Example #4: Which postulate can be used to prove that ∆𝑅𝑆𝑇 ≅ ∆𝑃𝑄𝑇?

a. SSS

b. SAS
c. Not Possible; the triangles aren’t
congruent

Example #5:
Which postulate can be used to prove that ∆𝐿𝑀𝑁 ≅ ∆𝑁𝑄𝑃.

a. SSS
b. SAS
c. Not Possible; the triangles aren’t
congruent

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Geometry Ch 4 Notes: Triangles

Two-
A Two-Column Proof is a method of collecting evidence to justify
Column
a conclusion
Proof
Consider some of the following:
• Given
Evidence that can be used • If two angles are vertical, then they are ≅
includes Given • Reflective Property
Evidence information, Definitions, • If a point is a midpoint, then the segment is
Theorems, Postulates, and divided into 2 ≅ segments.
• SSS
Properties. • SAS
• CPCTC

Example #6: Given: 𝐻𝐼 ≅ 𝐼𝐾 and 𝐺𝐼 ≅ 𝐼𝐽

Prove: ∆𝐻𝐼𝐺 ≅ ∆𝐽𝐼𝐾.

Statements Reasons

Example #10: Given: 𝐾𝐺 ≅ 𝐻𝐽, 𝐾𝐽 ≅ 𝐻𝐺

Prove: ∆𝐽𝐾𝐺 ≅ ∆𝐺𝐻𝐽

Statements Reasons

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Geometry Ch 4 Notes: Triangles

Example #11: Given: 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐴𝐷, ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐷,

𝐶 is the midpoint of 𝐵𝐷.

Prove: ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐴𝐷𝐶

Statements Reasons

Example #12: Given: 𝑋𝑍 ≅ 𝑅𝑍, 𝑌𝑍 ≅ 𝑄𝑍

Prove: ∠𝑌 ≅ ∠𝑄

Statement Reason
1. 1. Given
2. 2. If two angles are vertical, then they are congruent.
3. 3. SAS
4. 4.

Example #13: Given: 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐶𝐷, 𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝐷𝐴

Prove: ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐷

Statement Reason
1. 1. Given
2. 2.

3. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐷𝐴 3.

4. ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐷 4.
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Geometry Ch 4 Notes: Triangles
4.4 Notes: ASA, AAS, and HL
Objectives:
• Students will be able to identify the postulate or theorem to prove congruent triangles
• Students will be able to prove congruent triangles in two-column proofs.

Exploration: Use the following link to explore triangles with two angles and one included side congruent:
https://www.geogebra.org/m/WKJJ2uPa
• Use the pink and blue sliders to change the angles of the first triangle.
• Use the black slider. See what happens!
• Make a conjecture (“guess”) about two triangles with two angles and one included side congruent:

If a side is _______________
two angles of a triangle, then
that side is the Included Side.
Included
Side
The included side is the
shared side of the two
triangles.

If 2 ∠s and the included side

Angle- Side-
of one ∆ are ≅ to 2 ∠s and the
Angle
included side of another ∆,
Theorem
then the ∆s are
(ASA)
____________________ by ASA.

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Geometry Ch 4 Notes: Triangles
For #1 – 4: State the theorem or postulate that proves each pair of triangles congruent (SSS, SAS, or
ASA).
1. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝐸𝐹𝐷 2. ∆𝑃𝑄𝑇 ≅ ∆𝑆𝑅𝑇

3. ∆𝑇𝑈𝑉 ≅ ∆𝑋𝑌𝑍 4. ∆𝐹𝐺𝐻 ≅ ∆𝐻𝐸𝐹

There are two other ways to prove triangles congruent:

Angle- If 2 ∠s and a non-included

side of one ∆ are ≅ to 2 ∠s and
Angle-Side
a non-included side of
Theorem another ∆, then the ∆s are
(AAS) ____________________ by AAS.

If the hypotenuse and one leg

Hypotenuse- of one right ∆ are ≅ to the
hypotenuse and the
Leg Theorem corresponding leg of another
(HL) right ∆, then the ∆𝒔 are
__________ by HL.

For #5 – 10: State the theorem or postulate that proves each pair of triangles congruent (SSS, SAS,
ASA, AAS, or HL).
5) 6)

7) 8)

9) 10)

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Geometry Ch 4 Notes: Triangles
Example #11:
You try! Example #12:
What additional information is needed to What additional information is needed to
prove ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐷𝐸 by ASA? prove ∆𝐴𝐵𝐸 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐷𝐸 by AAS?

a. ∠ABD ≅∠CBA a. ∠A≅∠D

b. ∠ADB ≅∠CDB b. ∠D≅∠C
c. ∠ABD ≅∠CDB c. ∠B≅∠D
d. ∠ABD ≅∠BCD d. ∠C≅∠A

Example #13:
Given: 𝐶𝐵 ≅ 𝐴𝐵, ∠1 and ∠2 are right angles

Prove: ∆𝐵𝐶𝐷 ≅ ∆𝐵𝐴𝐷

Statement Reason

1. 1.
2. 2. If two angles are right angles, then they are ≅.
3. 3.
4. 4.

Example #14:
Given: ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐶, ∠1 and ∠2 are right angles

Prove: ∆𝐵𝐶𝐷 ≅ ∆𝐵𝐴𝐷

Statement Reason

1. 1.
2. 2. If two angles are right angles, then they are ≅.
3. 3.
4. 4.

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Geometry Ch 4 Notes: Triangles

Reminder: If two segments are perpendicular (⊥), then they form right angles.

Example #15:

Given: 𝐶𝐷 ≅ 𝐴𝐷, 𝐷𝐵 ⊥ 𝐴𝐶
Prove: ∆𝐵𝐶𝐷 ≅ ∆𝐵𝐴𝐷

Statement Reason

1. 1.
2. If segments are perpendicular, then they form right
2.
angles.
3. 3.
4. 4.

Example #16:
Given: 𝑄𝑃 ≅ 𝑅𝑃, ∠𝑇 ≅ ∠𝑆

Prove: ∆𝑇𝑄𝑃 ≅ ∆𝑆𝑅𝑃

Statement Reason

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.

Example #17:

Given: 𝐴𝐶 ≅ 𝐵𝐷, ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 and ∠ 𝐷𝐶𝐵 are right ∠s

Prove: ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐷𝐶𝐵

Statement Reason
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.

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Geometry Ch 4 Notes: Triangles
Example #18:

Given: 𝐾𝑁 || 𝐵𝐷, ∠𝐾𝑀𝑁 ≅ ∠𝑀𝐾𝐿

Prove: ∆𝐾𝑁𝑀 ≅ ∆𝑀𝐿𝐾

Statement Reason

1. 1.
2. 2. If || lines, then alternate interior angles are ≅.
3. 3.
4. 4.

Example #19: What additional information is needed to prove ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐷𝐸 by AAS?

a. 𝐴𝐶 ≅ 𝐷𝐸
b. 𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝐷𝐸
c. 𝐵𝐴 ≅ 𝐶𝐸
d. 𝐶𝐵 ≅ 𝐶𝐸

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Geometry Ch 4 Notes: Triangles
4.5 Notes: Isosceles and Equilateral Triangles
Objectives:
• Students will be able to find missing angles and sides in equilateral and isosceles
triangles.
• Students will be able to classify triangles by side lengths when given coordinates of
vertices.

Isosceles An Isosceles Triangle has at least

Triangle ________ ___________ sides.

The two congruent sides are called the

__________. The other side is called the
Parts of an
_________. The angle included by the
Isosceles
legs is called the ____________. The
Triangles
angles that have one side that is the base
are called _________ __________.

Exploration #1: Use the following link to explore parts of isosceles triangles:
https://www.geogebra.org/m/mXXYSNZG
• Move the vertices around and pay attention to the measures of the sides and angles.
• Make a conjecture (“guess”) about the measures of the base angles:

If two sides of a triangle are

Isosceles
congruent, then the base
Triangle
angles opposite those sides
Theorem
are ______________.

Converse of If two angles of a triangle are

the Isosceles congruent, then the sides
Triangle opposite those angles are
Theorem congruent.

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Geometry Ch 4 Notes: Triangles
For Examples 1 – 6: Find the measure of each variable.
1) 2) 3) You try!

4) 5) 6) You try!

For #7 – 9: ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is isosceles, with base AC. AC = 8, and AB = 7.

7) Find the value of 𝑥. 8) Find the measure of ∠B and ∠C.

9) Find the perimeter of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶.

For #10 – 12: Find the value of 𝑥.

10. 11. 12. YOU TRY!!

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Geometry Ch 4 Notes: Triangles

A triangle is an Equilateral
Equilateral
Triangle if all three sides are
Triangle
___________________.

Equilateral
If a triangle is equilateral,
Triangle
then it is ___________________.
Theorem

If a triangle is equiangular,
Converse
then it is ___________________.

Explore: What is the measure of each angle of an equilateral triangle?

For #13 – 14: Find the value of the variables for each equilateral triangle.
13) 14) You try!

Also, what is the perimeter for #13?

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Geometry Ch 4 Notes: Triangles

15) Challenge! Find x and y, if ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is an equilateral triangle.

For #16 – 18: Use the diagram shown below.

16) Find x.

17) Find y.

18) Find the perimeter of ∆𝐴𝐶𝐷.

Example #19: Determine if ∆𝑊𝑋𝑌 is isosceles or not. Use the

distance formula as needed. Show your work!

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Geometry Ch 4 Notes: Triangles

Ch 4 Study Guide

• Triangle Sum Theorem: all three angles of a triangle will add to exactly 180°.
• Exterior Angle Theorem: the exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the two remote
interior angles.
• CPCTC: If two triangles are congruent, then corresponding parts are congruent.
• Ways to prove triangles are congruent: SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS, or HL
• Reflexive Property: Any side (or angle) is congruent to itself.
• Vertical Angles: If two angles are vertical, then they are congruent.
• Midpoint: If a point is a midpoint, then it divides the segment into two congruent segments.
• Isosceles Triangles
o Two sides (legs) are congruent.
o The non-congruent side is called the base.
o If two sides of a triangle are congruent, then the base angles are congruent.
o If two angles of a triangle are congruent, then the sides opposite those triangles are
congruent.
• Equilateral Triangles
o All three sides are congruent.
o All three angles are congruent (called “equiangular”.)
o Each angle has a measure of 60°.

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