Agile Project Management:

PMBOK vs. Agile

Agile Project Leadership Network

Washington DC Chapter Meeting
August 2, 2007

Neil Chaudhuri
Natalia Vainshtein
Introductions
† Welcome
† Presenters
„ Neil Chaudhuri
† 703-785-8855 (m)
† chaudhurin@centechgroup.com
„ Natalia Vainshtein
† 202-247-5678 (m)
† natalia@fusionsoftdc.com
† www.fusionsoftdc.com

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Today’s Agenda
† Introductions & Bios
† Goals of This Presentation
† PMBOK Framework
„ Project Management Profession Overview
„ Foundation Concepts
„ Process Groups
„ Knowledge Areas
† How Agile Fits in
„ Key Agile Concepts
„ Initial Observations
„ PMBOK Knowledge Areas Mapped
† Conclusions and Summary Discussion
† Final Thoughts
† Q&A
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Goals of This Presentation
† PMBOK vs. Agile
„ What are the differences?
„ What are the commonalities?
„ How real are the perceptions?
† Is there really a difference?
„ Can both the PMBOK Framework and agile
project management methods co-exist on the
same project to yield software, on schedule and
on budget, that generates value for customers?

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Today’s Agenda
† Introductions & Bios
† Goals of This Presentation
† PMBOK Framework
„ Project Management Profession Overview
„ Foundation Concepts
„ Process Groups
„ Knowledge Areas
† How Agile Fits in
„ Key Agile Concepts
„ Initial Observations
„ PMBOK Knowledge Areas Mapped
† Conclusions and Summary Discussion
† Final Thoughts
† Q&A
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Project Management Profession
Overview
† What do you know about the PMBOK Framework
and its applications?

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Project Management Profession
Overview
† Project Management is becoming a formal discipline
† PMP Certification
„ Industry-independent certification for project
management professionals
† Recognized in over 120 countries
† Administered by
„ Project Management Institute (PMI)
„ www.pmi.org
† Standardizes professional jargon
† Creates a systematic approach to the study of the
profession
† 1984 - PMI developed the first PMP certification exam

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Today’s Agenda
† Introductions & Bios
† Goals of This Presentation
† PMBOK Framework
„ Project Management Profession Overview
„ Foundation Concepts
„ Process Groups
„ Knowledge Areas
† How Agile Fits in
„ Key Agile Concepts
„ Initial Observations
„ PMBOK Knowledge Areas Mapped
† Conclusions and Summary Discussion
† Final Thoughts
† Q&A
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Project Management
Foundation Concepts
† PMBOK – Project Management Body
of Knowledge
† PMBOK Guide, page 3, last paragraph
„ “…. the project management team is
responsible for determining what is
appropriate for any given project”

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Project Management
Foundation Concepts
† Projects vs. Operations
† Progressive Elaboration
„ Developing something in increments
† Project Manager Role
„ Glue
† Expert Judgment
„ Team, SMEs
† Triple Constraint

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Project Management
Foundation Concepts
† Project
„ A temporary endeavor with a definite start
and a definite end, undertaken to create a
unique product, service or a result

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Project Management
Foundation Concepts
† Triple Constraint

„ $ - Money for Cost

„ S – Schedule for Time
„ S – Scope for Scope

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Project Management
Foundation Concepts
† Project Phase
„ Produces 1 or more deliverables
„ Has a Lessons Learned document at the end
„ Has a Kill Point at the end
„ Several phases make up a project lifecycle

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Project Management
Foundation Concepts
† Project Management Lifecycle
„ Comprised of 5 process groups
„ The same for every project in any industry

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Project Management
Foundation Concepts
† PMBOK Framework
„ 5 process groups = project management
phases
„ 9 knowledge areas
† Consist of processes
„ Inputs
„ Tools & Techniques
„ Outputs

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Today’s Agenda
† Introductions & Bios
† Goals of This Presentation
† PMBOK Framework
„ Project Management Profession Overview
„ Foundation Concepts
„ Process Groups
„ Knowledge Areas
† How Agile Fits in
„ Key Agile Concepts
„ Initial Observations
„ PMBOK Knowledge Areas Mapped
† Conclusions and Summary Discussion
† Final Thoughts
† Q&A
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PMBOK Framework –
Process Groups
† 5 Project Management Process Groups (Project
Management Phases)
„ Initiating
„ Planning
„ Executing
„ Monitoring & Controlling
„ Closing
† The 5 groups are the same for all projects!

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PMBOK Framework –
Process Groups
† The 5 process groups for the project are
cyclical
Monitoring and Controlling Processes

Planning
Processes
Initiating Closing
Processes Processes
Executing
Processes

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PMBOK Framework –
Process Groups
† Initiating Process Group
„ Develop Project Charter
„ Develop Preliminary Project Scope Statement

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PMBOK Framework –
Process Groups
† Planning Process Group
„ Develop Project Management Plan
„ Scope Planning
„ Scope Definition
„ Create WBS
„ Activity Definition
„ Activity Sequencing
„ Activity Resource Estimating
„ Activity Duration Estimating
„ Schedule Development
„ Cost Estimating

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PMBOK Framework –
Process Groups
† Planning Process Group
„ Cost Budgeting
„ Quality Planning
„ Human Resource Planning
„ Communications Planning
„ Risk Management Planning
„ Risk Identification
„ Qualitative Risk Analysis
„ Quantitative Risk Analysis
„ Risk Response Planning
„ Plan Purchases and Acquisitions
„ Plan Contracting
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PMBOK Framework –
Process Groups
† Executing Process Group
„ Direct and Manage Project Execution
„ Perform Quality Assurance
„ Acquire Project Team
„ Develop Project Team
„ Information Distribution
„ Request Seller Responses
„ Select Sellers

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PMBOK Framework –
Process Groups
† Monitoring & Controlling Process Group
„ Monitor & Control Project Work
„ Integrated Change Control
„ Scope Verification
„ Scope Control
„ Schedule Control
„ Cost Control
„ Perform Quality Control
„ Manage Project Team
„ Perform Reporting
„ Manage Stakeholders
„ Risk Monitoring & Control
„ Contract Administration
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PMBOK Framework –
Process Groups
† Closing Process Group
„ Close Project
„ Contract Closure

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Today’s Agenda
† Introductions & Bios
† Goals of This Presentation
† PMBOK Framework
„ Project Management Profession Overview
„ Foundation Concepts
„ Process Groups
„ Knowledge Areas
† How Agile Fits in
„ Key Agile Concepts
„ Initial Observations
„ PMBOK Knowledge Areas Mapped
† Conclusions and Summary Discussion
† Final Thoughts
† Q&A
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PMBOK Framework –
Knowledge Areas
† 9 Knowledge Areas
„ Integration Management
„ Scope Management
„ Time Management
„ Cost Management
„ Quality Management
„ Human Resource Management
„ Communications Management
„ Risk Management
„ Procurement Management
† Professional Responsibility (not a knowledge area)

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 PMBOK Framework –
Integration Management
† Connects processes in all other knowledge areas and process
groups
† Changes made in any one area of the project must be
integrated into the rest of the project
Integration Management Process Process Group
Develop Project Charter Initiating
Develop Preliminary Scope Statement Initiating
Develop Project Management Plan Planning
Direct and Manage Project Execution Executing
Monitor and Control Project Work Monitoring & Controlling
Integrated Change Control Monitoring & Controlling
Close Project Closing

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PMBOK Framework –
Scope Management
† Processes required to ensure that the project includes all
the work required, and only the work required, to
complete the project successfully (PMBOK, page 103).

Scope Management Process Process Group

Scope Planning Planning

Scope Definition Planning
Create WBS Planning
Scope Verification Monitoring & Controlling
Scope Control Monitoring & Controlling

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PMBOK Framework –
Time Management
† Processes to calculate the length of activities
and calculating a realistic schedule based on
the actual estimates
Time Management Process Process Group

Activity Definition Planning

Activity Sequencing Planning
Activity Resource Estimating Planning
Activity Duration Estimating Planning
Schedule Development Planning
Schedule Control Monitoring & Controlling

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PMBOK Framework –
Cost Management
† Processes to come up with estimates for activities;
aggregating the estimated costs of individual schedule
activities or work packages to the project level to establish
a cost baseline for the project; controlling cost changes

Cost Management Process Process Group

Cost Estimating Planning

Cost Budgeting Planning

Cost Control Monitoring & Controlling

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PMBOK Framework –
Quality Management
† Creating and following policies and procedures to ensure
that the project fulfills its needs
† Customer satisfaction
† Prevention vs. inspection
† Management responsibility
† Continuous improvement
† Preventing gold-plating

Quality Management Process Process Group

Quality Planning Planning

Perform Quality Assurance Executing
Perform Quality Control Monitoring & Controlling

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PMBOK Framework –
Human Resource Management
† Leading and orchestrating the project team
and stakeholders with the goal to achieve the
desired results of the project
Scope Management Process Process Group

Human Resource Planning Planning

Acquire Project Team Executing

Develop Project Team Executing
Manage Project Team Monitoring & Controlling

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PMBOK Framework –
Communications Management
† Determining who needs what information and
when, producing the plan to provide that
information and distributing the information
Communications Management Process Group
Process
Communications Planning Planning

Information Distribution Executing

Performance Reporting Monitoring & Controlling

Manage Stakeholders Monitoring & Controlling

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PMBOK Framework –
Risk Management
† Increase the probability and impact of positive events
† Decrease the probability and impact of adverse
(negative) events

Risk Management Process Process Group

Risk Management Planning Planning

Risk Identification Planning

Qualitative Risk Analysis Planning

Quantitative Risk Analysis Planning

Risk Response Planning Planning
Risk Monitoring & Control Monitoring & Controlling

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PMBOK Framework –
Procurement Management
† Processes to purchase or acquire the products,
services or results needed from outside the
project team to perform the work

Procurement Management Process Group

Process
Plan Purchases and Acquisitions Planning
Plan Contracting Planning
Request Seller Responses Executing
Select Sellers Executing
Contract Administration Monitoring & Controlling
Contract Closure Closing
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PMBOK Framework –
Professional Responsibility
† Professional Responsibility Areas
„ Ensure Integrity and Professionalism
„ Contribute to Knowledge Base
„ Enhance Individual Competence
„ Balance Stakeholder Interests
„ Interact with Team and Stakeholders

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Today’s Agenda
† Introductions & Bios
† Goals of This Presentation
† PMBOK Framework
„ Project Management Profession Overview
„ Foundation Concepts
„ Process Groups
„ Knowledge Areas
† How Agile Fits In
„ Key Agile Concepts
„ Initial Observations
„ PMBOK Knowledge Areas Mapped
† Conclusions and Summary Discussion
† Final Thoughts
† Q&A
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Key Agile Concepts
† Feedback Through Iterations
† Throughput
† Features over tasks
† Self-Managing Teams
† Eliminating Waste
Today’s Agenda
† Introductions & Bios
† Goals of This Presentation
† PMBOK Framework
„ Project Management Profession Overview
„ Foundation Concepts
„ Process Groups
„ Knowledge Areas
† How Agile Fits In
„ Key Agile Concepts
„ Initial Observations
„ PMBOK Knowledge Areas Mapped
† Conclusions and Summary Discussion
† Final Thoughts
† Q&A
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Common Agile Objections to the PMBOK
† Resistance to changes in scope
† Counterproductive devotion to a plan
† Overemphasis on task-based planning
† Imposing project manager
† Excessive documentation
A Forgiving PMBOK?
† PMBOK not as prescriptive as
commonly believed
„ Authors’ possible intentions obscured
through vague language
„ Leaves room for interpretation
† PMBOK is a framework
„ Encourages interpretation
„ Goal is customer satisfaction
Making the PMBOK Agile
Project
† Progressive elaboration
• A temporary becomes
endeavor with a definite start
paramount
and a definite end, undertaken to create a
unique product, service or a result
† Project manager exercises a different kind
of leadership
Project Phase
† Triple •constraint recognized
Produces 1 or more but with a
deliverables
• Has a Lessons Learned document at the end
different
• Hasbias
a Kill Point at the end
† Entire• team
Several involved
phases makein upevery
a projectprocess
lifecycle

† Every iteration itself a project as defined by

the PMBOK but just a phase of the overall
project
Today’s Agenda
† Introductions & Bios
† Goals of This Presentation
† PMBOK Framework
„ Project Management Profession Overview
„ Foundation Concepts
„ Process Groups
„ Knowledge Areas
† How Agile Fits In
„ Key Agile Concepts
„ Initial Observations
„ PMBOK Knowledge Areas Mapped
† Conclusions and Summary Discussion
† Final Thoughts
† Q&A
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Integration Management
† Uses level of detail more appropriate
for time horizon
† Integrated change control
accomplished through prioritization of
feature backlog
† Low-ceremony documentation
Scope Management
† PMBOK Scope Planning practices
applied at the beginning of each
iteration
† Scope Verification during each
iteration
† Progressive elaboration the basis for
scope changes between iterations
Time Management
† Activity Resource Estimating
accomplished through commitment
by individual team members
† Activity Duration Estimating
performed on two levels
„ High-level estimates at the release level
„ Detailed task-based estimates at the
iteration level
† Critical path no longer relevant
Cost Management
† Cost fixed throughout the project
† Cost control accomplished at the end
of each iteration
Quality Management
† Involved throughout lifecycle
† Critical to increasing throughput
† All PMBOK processes apply during
each iteration
„ Quality Planning
„ Quality Assurance
„ Quality Control
Human Resource Management
† Develop Project Team
„ Collective ownership and commitment
„ Onus on management to run interference
„ Breed motivation among team
„ Co-location
† Manage Project Team
„ Metrics conveyed through information radiators
„ Reward group success over individual success
Communications Management
† Communications Planning and Information
Distribution processes intrinsic in agile
approach
„ Constant, direct communication with immediate
customer
„ Daily stand-ups
„ Iteration planning and review
† Performance Reporting
„ Delivery metrics favored over traditional metrics
Risk Management
† Risk Management Planning and Risk
Identification with each iteration
† Risk Analysis focused more on
qualitative risk
† Risk Response Planning at iteration
planning
† Risk Monitoring and Controlling at
iteration review
Procurement Management
† Plan Purchases and Acquisitions
„ Rare case of upfront analysis
„ Need expert judgment from technical, legal, and
financial experts
„ Consider alternatives to traditional contract
vehicles
† Plan Contracting involves entire team
† Request Seller Responses
„ Need to communicate expectations to adhere to
agile methods
„ Eliminate those unable to comply
Professional Responsibility
† PMBOK Code of Ethics and Code of
Professional Responsibility
transcendent
† Ethics and professionalism intrinsic in
agile methods
„ Transparency
„ Communication
„ Consistent delivery of working software
Today’s Agenda
† Introductions & Bios
† Goals of This Presentation
† PMBOK Framework
„ Project Management Profession Overview
„ Foundation Concepts
„ Process Groups
„ Knowledge Areas
† How Agile Fits In
„ Key Agile Concepts
„ Initial Observations
„ PMBOK Knowledge Areas Mapped
† Conclusions and Summary Discussion
† Final Thoughts
† Q&A
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Conclusion
† Understanding the PMBoK process
groups and knowledge areas with an
open outlook helps us see how agile
methods fit in the PMBoK framework
† Common agile objections to the
PMBOK based on misperceptions of
what it prescribes
Common Agile Objections
† A refresher
„ Imposing project manager
„ Resistance to changes in scope
„ Counterproductive devotion to a plan
„ Overemphasis on task-based planning
„ Excessive documentation
Role of Project Manager
† Agile project manager in charge but
more a facilitator
„ Breeds atmosphere for motivation and
commitment
„ Removes obstacles
† Not at odds with the PMBOK
Scope Control
† Critical for agile projects…at the
iteration level
† Consistency with the PMBOK clear
when iterations considered projects in
themselves
† Iteration planning and iteration
review allow course corrections to
overall scope
Devotion to a Plan
† Planning essential to agile projects
† Reject scope-based planning with
Gantt and PERT charts in favor of
feature-based metrics like velocity
† Planning at the release, iteration,
daily levels rather than at the project
level
Decomposition into Tasks
† PMBOK’s emphasis on the WBS
perceived as antithetical to agile
methods
† Emphasis on features over tasks
distinguishes agile
„ Decomposition of features into tasks
occurs at iteration planning
„ Detailed estimates of tasks at the
iteration level
Documentation
† PMBOK defines many forms of
documentation but does not mandate depth
† Agile documentation critical though less
formal
„ Feature backlog
„ Velocity charts
„ Burndown charts
„ Iteration planning cards
„ Kanban boards
† Agile equivalents for all PMBOK
documenation
Today’s Agenda
† Introductions & Bios
† Goals of This Presentation
† PMBOK Framework
„ Project Management Profession Overview
„ Foundation Concepts
„ Process Groups
„ Knowledge Areas
† How Agile Fits In
„ Key Agile Concepts
„ Initial Observations
„ PMBOK Knowledge Areas Mapped
† Conclusions and Summary Discussion
† Final Thoughts
† Q&A
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Final Thoughts
† Primary agile objections to the PMBOK
based on strict perceptions adopted by
many others
† PMBOK not as prescriptive as generally
believed
„ Vagueness of language lends to interpretation
„ Nothing agile explicitly prohibited by PMBOK
† When applied correctly, agile
methodologies completely consistent
with the PMBOK framework
Today’s Agenda
† Introductions & Bios
† Goals of This Presentation
† PMBOK Framework
„ Project Management Profession Overview
„ Foundation Concepts
„ Process Groups
„ Knowledge Areas
† How Agile Fits In
„ Key Agile Concepts
„ Initial Observations
„ PMBOK Knowledge Areas Mapped
† Conclusions and Summary Discussion
† Final Thoughts
† Q&A
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Q&A
Thank you!
References
† Sliger, Michele. Relating PMBOK Practices to Agile
Practices. Retrieved from StickyMinds.com web site.
† Poppendieck, Mary and Tom Poppendieck (2003). Lean
Software Development: An Agile Toolkit.
† Augustine, Sanjiv. Managing Agile Projects.
† Cohn, Mike (2006). Agile Planning and Estimating.
† Sliger, Michele & Stacia Broderick (2007). The Software
Project Manager’s Bridge to Agility. Draft chapters
retrieved from Sliger Consulting web site.
† Berteig, Mishkin. Agile Work and the PMBoK - Definition
of "Project.” Retrieved from Agile Advice web site.
† Project Management Institute. The Guide to the Project
Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide), 3rd
Edition