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WASH part 2

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12 views10 pages

WASH part 2

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Noor Ahmad
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WASH

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene


Part-2

Prepared by : Engr. Khalilullah Naib


Where is the best location for water well?
The best well site is in an elevated area which allows any
surrounding surface water or rain to drain away from your well.
This helps prevent contaminants from entering your well water.
Also, stay away from steep slopes.
OR Wells should be located in areas that are protected from
potential sources of pollution, from surface water runoff, and
drainage from areas used by livestock. Wells should also be
located a safe distance from both overhead and underground
utility lines and other safety hazards.
‫ﺩ ﺍﻭﺑﻮ ﺩ څﺎﻩ ﻟﭙﺎﺭﻩ ﻏﻮﺭﻩ ځﺎی ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭼﻴﺮﺗﻪ ﺩی؟‬

‫ﺩ څﺎﻩ ﺗﺮ ټﻮﻟﻮ ښﻪ ﺳﺎﺣﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻮﻩ ﻟﻮړ ځﺎی ﮐﯥ ﻭی ﭼﯥ ﺩ ﺷﺎﻭﺧﻮﺍ ﺳﻄﺤﯥ‬


‫ﺍﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻭﺑﻮ ﺗﻪ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻧﻪ ﻭﺭﮐﻮﻱ ﭼﯥ څﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭ ﻫﻤﺪﺍﺭﻧګﻪ‬
‫څﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻪ ﺯﻭړﻩ ځﺎی ﮐﯽ ﺟﻮړ ﻧﺸﯽ ﺩﺩی ﻟﭙﺎﺭﻩ ﭼﯽ ﺑﻴﮑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫څﺎﻩ ﺗﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﯽ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺎ څﺎﻩ ګﺎﻧﯥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻪ ﻫﻐﻮ ﺳﻴﻤﻮ ﮐﯥ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻭﻟﺮﻱ ﭼﯥ ﺩ ﮐﮑړﺗﻴﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺳﺮﭼﻴﻨﻮ‪ ،‬ﺩ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺍﻭﺑﻮ ﻟﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭ ﺩ ﻫﻐﻮ ﺳﻴﻤﻮ څﺨﻪ ﭼﯥ ﺩ څﺎﺭﻭﻳﻮ‬
‫ﻟﺨﻮﺍ ﮐﺎﺭﻭﻝ ﮐﻴږﻱ ﺧﻮﻧﺪﻱ ﻭﻱ‪ .‬څﺎﻩ ګﺎﻧﯥ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩ ځﻤﮑﯥ ﺩﺳﺮ ﺍﻭ ﻻﻧﺪې ﺩ‬
‫ﻳﻮټﻴﻠټﻲ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻧﻮ ﺍﻭ ﻧﻮﺭﻭ ﺧﻮﻧﺪﻳﺘﻮﺏ ﺧﻄﺮﻭﻧﻮ څﺨﻪ ﭘﻪ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺍﻭ ﺧﻮﻧﺪﻱ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
‫ﮐﯥ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻭﻟﺮﻱ ﺗﺮڅﻮ ﺩ څښﻮﻟﻮ ﻭړ ﺍﻭﺑﻪ ﮐﮑړی ﻧﻪ ﺷﯽ‪.‬‬
If a well is located far enough away from a latrine, the soil is able to
filter out harmful organisms before they reach the well. To
determine the minimum safe separation distance between latrine
and well we need to know three things:

1. Direction the groundwater is moving.

2. Distance between the bottom of the latrine and the water table.

3. Type of soil between the bottom of the latrine and the water
table.

Following these guidelines (or any well site placement guidelines)


will not guarantee that a well will be free from bacterial
contamination. The well must also be properly constructed and
the well water tested to assure the best possible water quality.
‫ﮐﻪ ﭼﻴﺮې ﻳﻮ څﺎﻩ ﺩ ﺗﺸﻨﺎﺏ څﺨﻪ ﭘﻪ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻟﺮې ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻭﻟﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻭﺭﻩ‬
‫ﮐﻮﻟﯽ ﺷﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﻧﻤﻦ ﺍﺭګﺎﻧﻴﺰﻣﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﮑﯥ ﻟﻪ ﺩې ﭼﯥ څﺎﻩ ﺗﻪ ﻭﺭﺳﻴږﻱ ﻓﻠټﺮ‬
‫ﮐړﻱ‪ .‬ﺩ ﺗﺸﻨﺎﺏ ﺍﻭ څﺎﻩ ﺗﺮ ﻣﻨځ ﺩ ﻟږ ﺗﺮ ﻟږﻩ ﺧﻮﻧﺪﻱ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﯽ ټﺎﮐﻠﻮ ﻟﭙﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻮږ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﻮ ﺷﻴﺎﻧﻮ ﭘﻮﻩ ﺷﻮ‪ .1 :‬ﺩ ځﻤﮑﯥ ﻻﻧﺪې ﺍﻭﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻟﻮﺭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻁﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﻮﻝ‪ .2 .‬ﺩ ﺗﺸﻨﺎﺏ ﺩﺍﻭﺑﻮ ﻻﻧﺪﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﻭ ځﻤﮑﯽ ﻻﻧﺪی ﺍﻭﺑﻮ ﺩ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ‬
‫)‪ (water table‬ﺗﺮ ﻣﻨځ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‪ .3 .‬ﺩ ﺗﺸﻨﺎﺏ ﺩﺍﻭﺑﻮ ﺍﻭ ځﻤﮑﯽ ﻻﻧﺪی ﺍﻭﺑﻮ ﺩ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺤﯽ )‪ (water table‬ﺗﺮ ﻣﻨځ ﺩ ﺧﺎﻭﺭی ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺖ‪ .‬ﺩ ﺩې ﻻﺭښﻮﻭﻧﻮ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ‬
‫)ﻳﺎ ﺩ څﺎﻩ ځﺎی ﭘﺮځﺎی ﮐﻮﻟﻮ ﻻﺭښﻮﻭﻧﯥ( ﺑﻪ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﻪ ﮐړﻱ ﭼﯥ څﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﻳﺎ ﮐﮑړﺗﻴﺎ څﺨﻪ ﭘﺎک ﻭﻱ‪ .‬څﺎﻩ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻪ ﺳﻤﻪ ﺗﻮګﻪ ﺟﻮړﻩ ﺷﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺩ څﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻭﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩ ﻏﻮﺭﻩ ﻣﻤﮑﻨﻪ ﺍﻭﺑﻮ ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻳﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﮐﻮﻟﻮ ﻟﭙﺎﺭﻩ ﭘﻪ ﻻﺑﺮﺍﺗﻮﺍﺭ ﮐﯽ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﺷﻲ‪.‬‬
How can we find the depth to the water table in a specific
location?
The depth to the water table can change (rise or fall) depending on
the time of year. During the late winter and spring when accumulated
snow starts to melt and spring rainfall is plentiful, water on the surface
infiltrates into the ground and the water table rises. When water-
loving plants start to grow again in the spring and precipitation gives
way to hot, dry summers, the water table falls because of
evapotranspiration.

The most reliable method of obtaining the depth to the water table at
any given time is to measure the water level in a shallow well with a
tape. If no wells are available, surface geophysical methods can
sometimes be used, depending on surface accessibility for placing
electric or acoustic probes.
‫څﻨګﻪ ﮐﻮﻻی ﺷﻮ ﭼﯽ ځﻤﮑﯽ ﻻﻧﺪی ﺍﻭﺑﻮ ﺩ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ژﻭﺭﻭﺍﻟﯽ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍﮐړﻭ؟‬
‫ﺩ ځﻤﮑﯽ ﻻﻧﺪی ﺍﻭﺑﻮ ﺩ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ژﻭﺭﻭﺍﻟﯽ)ﭘﻮﺭﺗﻪ ﻳﺎ ښﮑﺘﻪ( ﺩ ﮐﺎﻝ ﭘﻪ ﻭﺧﺖ ﭘﻮﺭې ﺍړﻩ‬
‫ﻟﺮﻱ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺪﻟﻮﻥ ﮐﻮﻟﯽ ﺷﻲ‪ .‬ﺩ ژﻣﻲ ﭘﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺳﺘﻴﻮ ﺍﻭ ﭘﺴﺮﻟﻲ ﮐﯥ ﮐﻠﻪ ﭼﯥ ﺭﺍټﻮﻟﯥ ﺷﻮې‬
‫ﻭﺍﻭﺭﻩ ﭘﻪ ﻭﻳﻠﯽ ﮐﻴﺪﻭ ﭘﻴﻞ ﻭﮐړی ﺍﻭ ﺩ ﭘﺴﺮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻧﻮﻧﻪ ډﻳﺮ ﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﺍﻭﺑﻪ ځﻤﮑﯥ ﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻨﻮځﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺩ ځﻤﮑﯽ ﻻﻧﺪی ﺍﻭﺑﻮ ﺳﻄﺤﻪ ﻟﻮړﻳږﻱ‪ .‬ﮐﻠﻪ ﭼﯥ ﺩ ﺍﻭﺑﻮ ﺳﺮﻩ ﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻟﺮﻭﻧﮑﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻮټﻲ )ﻫﻐﻪ ﺑﻮټﯽ ﭼﯽ ﺯﻳﺎﺗﻮ ﺍﻭﺑﻮ ﺗﻪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﻟﺮی (ﭘﻪ ﭘﺴﺮﻟﻲ ﮐﯥ ﺑﻴﺎ ﻭﺩﻩ ﭘﻴﻞ ﮐړﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻭ ګﺮﻡ ﺍﻭ ﻭچ ﺍﻭړﻱ ﺗﻪ ﻻﺭﻩ ﻫﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺷﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭ ﺍﻭﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺷﯽ ﻧﻮ ﺩ ځﻤﮑﯽ ﻻﻧﺪی ﺍﻭﺑﻮ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺤﻪ ﺭﺍښﮑﺘﻪ ﮐﻴږﻱ‪ .‬ﭘﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻭﺧﺖ ﮐﯥ ﺩ ځﻤﮑﯽ ﻻﻧﺪی ﺍﻭﺑﻮ ﺩ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﺩ ژﻭﺭﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻻﺳﻪ ﮐﻮﻟﻮ ﺗﺮټﻮﻟﻮ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺩ ﺩ ټﻴﭗ )ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ګﻴﺮی ﻓﻴﺘﻪ( ﭘﻮﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﭘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﻩ څﺎﻩ ﮐﯥ ﺩ ﺍﻭﺑﻮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮐﻮﻝ ﺩﻱ‪ .‬ﮐﻪ ﭼﻴﺮې څﺎﻩ ګﺎﻧﯥ ﺷﺘﻮﻥ ﻭﻧﻠﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ځﻴﻨﯥ‬
‫ﻭﺧﺘﻮﻧﻪ ﺩ ﺳﻄﺤﯥ ﺟﻴﻮ ﻓﺰﻳﮏ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺩﻭﻧﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﻭﻝ ﮐﻴﺪی ﺷﻲ‪،‬ﺍﻭ ﻫﻤﺪﺍﺭﻧګﻪ ﺩ ﺑﺮﻳښﻨﺎ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺍﮐﻮﺳټﻴﮏ ﭘﺮﻭﺑﻮﻧﻮ ځﺎی ﭘﺮځﺎی ﮐﻮﻟﻮ ﭘﻮﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﺩ ځﻤﮑﯽ ﻻﻧﺪی ﺍﻭﺑﻮ ﺩ ﺳﻄﺤﻪ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍﮐړﻭ‪.‬‬
This probe emits an ultrasonic wave train to scan the
side wall of the well, thus providing a continuous 360
° image. This information, combined with the data
provided by the included orientation system,
provides an extremely detailed and oriented acoustic
image of the well wall.

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