VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANASANGAMA, BELAGAVI-590 018

REPORT
ON

“PHYSICAL EDUCATION (SPORTS&ATHLETICS) -Ⅰ”

Course Code: BPEK359
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & DATA SCIENCE
Submitted by

R DELEEP PRASAD
USN:1KG23AD041

Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science

K.S. School of Engineering and Management
No. 15, Mallasandra, off Kanakapura Road, Bengaluru-560109
2024-25
 K.S. SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
BENGALURU-560109
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & DATA SCIENCE

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Shrisha H USN:1KG23AD049 has satisfactorily completed
course “PHYSICAL EDUCATION (SPORTS&ATHLETICS) - Ⅰ” (Course Code:
BPEK359) prescribed by Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi for the 3rd
semester B.E, Artificial Intelligence and Data Science branch in this college during the
academic year 2024-25.

Internal assessment marks awarded

Marks Obtained:
Total Marks: 100

.……………………….……….. ……………………………
Signature of the Coordinator Signature of the P.E.D
Prof. Rajashree D Ingale Mr. Shivaprakash K M
Assistant Professor., Physical Education Director.,
AI&DS, KSSEM KSSEM

…....……………………….… …..……………………….……
Signature of the HOD Signature of the Principal
Dr. Manjunath T K Dr. K. Rama Narasimha
Associate Prof. & HOD, Principal / Director,
AI&DS, KSSEM KSSEM, Bengaluru
 DECLARATION

I, R DELEEP PRASAD bearing the USN:1KG23AD041 studying in the 3rd semester

of Bachelor of Engineering in Artificial Intelligence & Data Science at K S School of
Engineering and Management, Bengaluru, here by declare that the Report entitled
“PHYSICAL EDUCATION (SPORTS&ATHLETICS) - Ⅰ” has been submitted in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of 3 rd semester B.E in Artificial
Intelligence & Data Science.

Place: Bengaluru R DELEEP PRASAD

Date: 1KG23AD049

I
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of the seminar would be incomplete without the

mention of the people who made it possible and whose constant guidance crowned
my effort with success.
I take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to our Management, K.S.
School of Engineering and Management, Bengaluru for providing the environment
to present the seminar.

I would express my gratitude to Dr. K. V. A. Balaji, C.E.O. K.S. School of

Engineering and Management, Bengaluru, for facilitating me to present the
seminar.

I would like to extend my gratitude to Dr. K Rama Narasimha, Principal &

Director, K.S. School of Engineering and Management, Bengaluru, for providing
opportunity to present the seminar.

I thank Dr. Manjunath T K, Associate Professor and Head, Department of

Artificial Intelligence and Data Science., K.S. School of Engineering and
Management, for his encouragement.

I thank Mr. Shivaprakash K M, Physical Education Director, K.S. School of

Engineering and Management, Bengaluru, for their constant support and guidance.

I thank SPORTS Coordinator, Prof. Rajashree D Ingale, Assistant Professor,

Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science., K.S. School of Engineering
and Management, Bengaluru, for their constant support and guidance.

Finally, I would like to thank all the teaching and non-teaching staff of the
department and college for their co-operation. Moreover, I thank all my family and
friends for their invaluable support and cooperation.
II
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SL. NO CONTENTS PAGE NO.

DECLARATION I

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT II
LIST OF CONTENTS III

INTRODUCTION 1
MODULE : I
1 • LIFESTYLE
2
• HEALTH & WELLNESS
• PRE – FITNESS TEST

MODULE : II
2
• WARMUP : FREE-HAND EXERCISES
5
• STRENGTH : PUSH UPS / PULL UPS
• SPEED : 30 MTR DASH

3 MODULE : III 11
KABADDI
CONCLUSION 22

REFERENCES 23

III
Physical Education (Sports & Athletics) -Ⅰ 2024-25

INTRODUCTION

Physical education, often abbreviated to Phys. Ed. or PE, and sometimes informally referred to as
gym class or simply just gym, is a subject taught in schools around the world. PE is taught during
primary and secondary education and encourages psychomotor, cognitive, and effective learning
through physical activity and movement exploration to promote health and physical fitness. When
taught correctly and in a positive manner, children and teens can receive a storm of health benefits.
These include reduced metabolic disease risk, improved cardiorespiratory fitness, and better mental
health. In addition, PE classes can produce positive effects on students' behavior and academic
performance. Research has shown that there is a positive correlation between brain development and
exercising. Researchers in 2007 found a profound gain in English Arts standardized test scores
among students who had 56 hours of physical education in a year, compared to those who had 28
hours of physical education a year.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is suggested that young children should be
participating in 60-minutes of exercise per day at least 3 times per week in order to maintain a healthy
body. This 60-minute recommendation can be achieved by completing different forms of physical
activity, including participation in physical education programs at school. A majority of children
around the world participate in Physical Education programs in general education settings.
According to data collected from a worldwide survey, 79% of countries require legal implementation
of PE in school programming. Physical education programming can vary all over the world.

National Sports Day is celebrated annually on August 29th in India. This date marks the birth
anniversary of Major Dhyan Chand, one of the most iconic figures in Indian sports history. Learn
more about why this day is celebrated. Every year on 29th August, India comes together to celebrate
National Sports Day.

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MODULE 1:ORIENTATION

Physical education plays a crucial role in promoting overall health and well-being by enhancing
physical fitness and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. It fosters critical life skills such as
teamwork, discipline, and time management. Regular physical activity through PE programs
improves mental health, reducing stress and anxiety. Furthermore, it supports cognitive development
and academic performance. Ultimately, physical education cultivates a lifelong commitment to
healthy living, empowering individuals to maintain balanced, active lifestyles.

A. Lifestyle

Lifestyle in physical education emphasizes the integration of regular physical activity into daily
routines, promoting long-term health and well-being. It encourages individuals to develop habits that
support physical fitness, mental wellness, and balanced nutrition. A lifestyle rooted in physical
education fosters discipline, resilience, and teamwork, while instilling values such as commitment
and perseverance. By prioritizing physical activity, individuals are better equipped to manage stress,
enhance cognitive function, and improve overall quality of life. Ultimately, adopting an active
lifestyle nurtures lifelong health, supporting both personal and societal well-being.

A lifestyle informed by physical education is a commitment to health, well-being, and personal

growth, promoting not just fitness but a balanced and fulfilling life. By embracing this lifestyle,
individuals are more likely to maintain a high standard of physical and mental health throughout their
lives.

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 Physical Education (Sports & Athletics) -Ⅰ 2024-25

B. Health and Wellness

Health and wellness in physical education (PE) are foundational components that aim to improve an
individual's overall quality of life through the promotion of physical activity, mental well-being, and
healthy lifestyle choices. PE programs focus on equipping individuals with the knowledge, skills, and
attitudes necessary to adopt and maintain healthy habits. Here's a deeper look at the connection
between health and wellness in physical education.

Health and wellness in physical education are essential for fostering a holistic approach to personal
development. Through physical activity, mental health support, and education about healthy lifestyle
choices, PE programs promote balanced well-being that can have lifelong benefits. By encouraging
individuals to take responsibility for their physical, mental, and social health, physical education plays
a pivotal role in shaping healthier communities.

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C. Pre-Fitness Test
• Pre-fitness Preparation: Assess fitness level, set goals, and consult a healthcare professional if
needed.
• Warm-up and Stretching: Do light exercises and dynamic stretches to prepare muscles and joints.
• Nutrition and Hydration: Eat a balanced meal and stay hydrated for energy during workouts.

Benefits of a Pre-Fitness Test:

• Baseline Data: It provides baseline measurements that can be used to track improvements over
time.
• Personalized Fitness Plans: Helps fitness instructors create individualized training plans based
on the test results.
• Motivation: Knowing their current fitness level can motivate individuals to set realistic goals
for improvement.
• Identifying Health Risks: It may highlight areas where an individual could be at risk for injury
or health issues, such as low cardiovascular endurance or excessive body fat.

In summary, pre-fitness testing in PE provides important insights into an individual's current

fitness level and helps set the stage for a tailored, effective fitness program. It is essential for
tracking progress and ensuring that fitness goals are realistic and achievable.

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MODULE 2: GENERAL FITNESS& COMPONENTS OF FITNESS

General Fitness: A Comprehensive Approach to Health and Well-Being

➢
General Fitness refers to overall physical health achieved through exercise, nutrition,
and lifestyle.
➢
It includes key components: cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility,
and body composition.
➢
Regular aerobic exercises (e.g., running, cycling) improve heart health and endurance.
➢
Strength training (e.g., weightlifting) builds muscle mass and increases bone density.
➢
Flexibility exercises (e.g., stretching) enhance mobility and prevent injuries.
➢
A balanced fitness routine should target different muscle groups to prevent
imbalances.
➢
Nutrition, sleep, and hydration are vital for fueling the body and aiding recovery.
➢
Consistency and commitment are crucial for achieving and maintaining fitness.
➢
Gradually increasing exercise intensity helps improve fitness over time.

➢
It helps reduce the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and
hypertension.
➢
Regular physical activity boosts mental health by reducing stress, anxiety, and
depression.
➢
General fitness enhances energy levels, mental health, and overall quality of life.

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Fitness is typically broken down into several key components, each of which contributes to an
individual's overall physical health and ability to perform various tasks and activities. These
components are essential for promoting a well-rounded approach to physical fitness and include:
1. Cardiovascular Endurance (Aerobic Fitness)
Cardiovascular endurance refers to the ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to deliver oxygen
and nutrients to the muscles during prolonged physical activity. This component is crucial for activities
that require sustained exertion, such as running, swimming, cycling, or playing sports like soccer and
basketball.
2. Muscular Strength
Muscular strength is the maximum amount of force a muscle or group of muscles can generate. It is
vital for performing activities that involve lifting, pushing, or pulling heavy objects, such as
weightlifting, climbing, or even tasks like carrying groceries.
3. Muscular Endurance
Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to perform repetitive movements or
maintain a contraction over an extended period without fatigue. This component is important for
activities like long-distance running, cycling, and sports that require sustained effort, such as rowing
or field events.
4. Flexibility
Flexibility refers to the range of motion in a joint or series of joints. It is vital for maintaining mobility,
preventing injuries, and improving posture. Regular stretching and flexibility exercises, such as yoga
or dynamic stretching, help improve the elasticity of muscles and tendons.
5. Body Composition
Body composition is the proportion of fat to lean mass (muscle, bone, and organs) in the body.
Maintaining a healthy body composition—defined by a balanced ratio of body fat and lean mass—is
essential for overall health and well-being.
6. Balance
Balance is the ability to maintain control of the body’s position, either while stationary or during
movement. It is essential for coordination and stability in both dynamic (e.g., running, jumping) and
static (e.g., yoga poses) activities.
7. Coordination
Coordination refers to the ability to use different parts of the body together smoothly and efficiently.
Good coordination is necessary for activities that require hand-eye or foot-eye coordination, such as
playing sports like tennis, basketball, or soccer.

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8. Agility
Agility is the ability to change the body’s position rapidly and accurately while maintaining control. It
is essential for sports and activities that involve quick direction changes, such as basketball, football,
tennis, or dancing.
9. Speed
Speed refers to the ability to move quickly over a short distance. It is crucial in sports such as sprinting,
soccer, or rugby, where quick bursts of energy and fast reflexes are required.

The components of fitness in Physical Education—cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength,

muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition, balance, coordination, agility, and speed—each
play an essential role in promoting overall health, enhancing physical performance, and reducing the
risk of injury. A well-rounded fitness program that incorporates these components enables individuals
to perform a wide variety of activities, from everyday tasks to competitive sports, while improving
both physical and mental well-being.

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A. Warm-Up: Free-Hand Exercises

A warm-up is a crucial preparatory phase of physical activity that involves a series of low-intensity
exercises aimed at gradually increasing the heart rate, blood circulation, and muscle temperature,
thereby reducing the risk of injury and improving performance. It typically includes dynamic
movements, such as light jogging, stretching, or mobility exercises, designed to activate the muscles
and joints that will be engaged during the workout or sport. A proper warm-up enhances flexibility,
increases the range of motion, and prepares the body for more intense physical exertion by ensuring
that muscles, tendons, and ligaments are properly conditioned. Additionally, warming up helps to
mentally prepare an individual for the activity ahead, promoting focus and readiness.

B. Strength: Push-Ups and Pull-Ups

Strength development through push-ups and pull-ups plays a vital role in enhancing muscular
endurance, stability, and overall physical fitness, making these exercises fundamental in Physical
Education (PE).

Push-ups and pull-ups are essential exercises in Physical Education for building upper-body strength,
endurance, and stability. Push-ups target the chest, shoulders, triceps, and core, improving posture and
muscular endurance, with variations to suit different fitness levels. Pull-ups focus on the back, biceps,
and forearms, enhancing grip strength and coordination. Together, these exercises improve functional
strength and athletic performance, supporting overall fitness development. Incorporating push-ups and
pull-ups into PE programs fosters long-term physical growth and stability.

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C. Speed: 30 mtr Dash

Speed refers to the ability to move quickly over a short distance, essential for activities such as
sprinting, sports, and everyday tasks that require fast reflexes. Developing speed enhances athletic
performance by improving reaction time, agility, and overall movement efficiency. Speed training
typically involves high-intensity exercises like sprints, interval training, and agility drills, which help
to increase the rate of muscle contraction and cardiovascular response. In PE, focusing on speed helps
students perform better in fast-paced sports and promotes overall physical fitness.

Running is a key activity that improves cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, and overall
fitness. It enhances the efficiency of the heart and lungs, boosts stamina, and helps with weight
management. Regular running exercises, whether in the form of sprints, long-distance, or interval
training, promote endurance, speed, and agility. In PE, running helps develop discipline, coordination,
and mental resilience, while also providing numerous health benefits, including stress reduction and
improved mood. Incorporating running into PE programs supports both physical and mental well-
being, contributing to a well-rounded fitness routine.

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MODULE 3: SPECIFIC GAMES

KABADDI

Kabaddi is a contact team sport played between two teams of seven players, originating in ancient
India. The objective of the game is for a single player on offense, referred to as a "raider", to run into
the opposing team's half of the court, touch out as many of their players as possible, and return to their
own half of the court, all without being tackled by the defenders in 30 seconds. Points are scored for
each player tagged by the raider, while the opposing team earns a point for stopping the raider. Players
are taken out of the game if they are touched or tackled, but return to the game after each point scored
by their team from a tag or tackle.

It is popular in the Indian subcontinent and other surrounding Asian countries. Although accounts of
kabaddi appear in the history of India, the game was popularised as a competitive sport in the 20th
century. It is the national sport of Bangladesh. It is the second most popular and viewed sport in India
after cricket. It is the state game of the Indian states of Andhra
Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil
Nadu, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh.

There are two major disciplines: "Punjabi kabaddi", also called "circle style", comprises traditional
forms of the sport that are played on a circular field outdoors, and the "standard style", on a rectangular
court indoors, is played in major professional leagues and international competitions such as the Asian
Games.

This game is known by numerous names in different parts of the Indian subcontinent, such
as: kabaddi or chedugudu in Andhra
Pradesh and Telangana; kabaddi in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala; kabaddi, komonti or ha-du-
du in West Bengal and Bangladesh; baibalaa in Maldives, kauddi or kabaddi in the Punjab region;
hu-tu-tu in Western India, ha-do-do in Eastern India; chadakudu in South
India; kapardi in Nepal; kabadi or sadugudu in Tamil Nadu; and chakgudu in Sri Lanka.

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History
Etymology
The raider is required to execute each raid on a single breath; in order to prove that they are not
inhaling, they are required to repeatedly chant the word "kabaddi", in a process referred to as
a cant. The term kabaddi is from a Tamil word composed of "Kai" and "Pidi", meaning "hand
catch.”
Ancient era

Ronojoy Sen speculates in his book Nation At Play that kabaddi originated during the Vedic
period (between 1500 BC and 500 BC). There are accounts of Gautama Buddha and Lord
Krishna having played an ancient form of the sport.
According to the sport's origins, Kabaddi is a sport developed centered on Jallikattu. A player
going to the opposition is treated like a bull. It is like taming a bull without touching it, as it is
mentioned in Sangam Literature that the game called Sadugudu was practised since ages.
There are also accounts of kabaddi having been played in Iran 2,000 years ago.
Modern era

The Iranian women's team won the 2018 Asian Games kabaddi final against India, showcasing
the rise of the sport outside of South Asia.
Modern kabaddi is a synthesis of the game played in various forms under different names in the
Indian subcontinent. India has been first credited with having helped to popularise kabaddi as a
competitive sport, with the first organized competitions occurring in the 1920s, their

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introduction to the programme of the Indian Olympic Games in 1938, the establishment of the
All-India Kabaddi Federation in 1950, and it being played as a demonstration sport at the
inaugural 1951 Asian Games in New Delhi. These developments helped to formalize the sport,
which had traditionally been played on muddy surfaces in villages, for legitimate international
competition.
The first framework of rules for the sport was prepared in Maharashtra in the 1920s, with
English sports serving as a model for this formalisation. One of the earliest modern
tournaments of the sport, the All India Kabaddi Tournament in 1923, was played according to
these amended rules. After being demonstrated again at the 1982 Asian Games in Delhi,
kabaddi was added to the Asian Games programme beginning in 1990.
The advent of the Pro Kabaddi League (PKL) in 2014 revolutionised the standard style of the
sport, with various rule changes being made; for example, whereas previously raids had no
time limit other than the breathing capacity of the raider, the PKL rules introduced the concept
of a standard 30-second time limit for every raid.

Variations In Kabaddi

Standard style

In the international team version of kabaddi, two teams of seven members each occupy opposite halves
of a court of 10 by 13 metres (33 ft × 43 ft) in the case of men and 8 by 12 metres (26 ft × 39 ft) in the
case of women. Each has five supplementary players held in reserve for substitution. The game is
played with 20-minute halves with a 5-minute half time break in which the teams exchange sides.
During each play, known as a "raid", a player from the attacking side, known as the "raider", runs into
the opposing team's side of the court and attempts to tag as many of the seven defending players as
possible. The raider must cross the baulk line into the defending team's territory, and then return to
their half of the field without being tackled. (If an attacker touches a defender and hasn't yet

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reached the baulk line, they do not need to reach the baulk line to score points and may return to their
half of the court.) While raiding, the raider must loudly chant kabaddi, confirming to referees that their
raid is done on a single breath without inhaling. Each raid has a 30-second time limit.

A point is scored for each defender tagged; tags can be made with any part of the raider's body and
touching any part of the defender's body. If the raider steps beyond the bonus line marked in the
defending team's territory when there are six or more players, they earn an additional point known as
a bonus point (the bonus point is only scored if the raider's trailing foot is in the air while they step
over the line). If the raider is successfully stopped (tackled), the opposite team earns a point instead.
All players tagged or tackled are taken out of the game, but one is "revived" for each point a team
scores from a subsequent tag or tackle. However, bonus points do not revive players. In addition,
players who step out of the boundary are out. However, the boundary of the field can vary mid-raid;
there are two strips on either side of the court known as "lobby areas" which only become part of the
field of play in raids where the raider touches an opponent.

A raid where no points are scored by the raider is referred to as an "empty raid". By contrast, a play
where the raider scores three or more points is referred to as a "super raid". If a team gets all seven
players on the opposing team out ("All Out"), they earn two additional points and then all the
opposition players are placed back in the game.

In the event of a tie, PKL rules stipulate (for playoff matches) that each team is to perform five raids
on the other team, with no time limits involved, no players being dismissed or revived, and the baulk
line being simultaneously treated as a bonus line.

Circle style

There are four major forms of Indian kabaddi recognised by the amateur federation. In Sanjeevani Kabaddi,
one player is revived against one player of the opposite team who is out. The game is played

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over 40 minutes with a five-minute break between halves. There are seven players on each side and
the team that outs all the players on the opponent's side scores four extra points.

In Gaminee style, seven players play on each side and a player put out has to remain out until all his
team members are out. The team that is successful in outing all the players of the opponent's side
secures a point. The game continues until five or seven such points are secured and has no fixed time
duration.

Amar style resembles the Sanjeevani form in the time frame rule, but a player who is declared out stays
inside the court while play continues. For every player of the opposition touched "out", a team earns a
point.

Punjabi kabaddi is a variation that is played on a circular pitch of a diameter of 22 metres (72 ft).

Beach kabaddi

The Beach kabaddi variant is played in two 15-minute halves by two teams of four players who are
not allowed to wear shoes and is played on levelled ground of sand either on seas shore or river banks.
It is played at an international level in competitions such as the Asian Beach Games.

Indoor kabaddi

The Indoor kabaddi variant is played in two 15-minute halves by two teams of five players and is a
shorter variant of standard style kabaddi. It is played at an international level in competitions such as
the Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games.

COURT & DIMENSIONS:

Boundary Lines: The total area of the lobby on which Pro Kabaddi matches shall be played
is 13 meters by 10 meters.
Play Area Lines: The size of the court on which matches are played is 13 meters by 8 meters.

Mid Line: The midline divides the court into two 6.5-metre halves.

Baulk Line: A line that separates the playing area into two halves: raider territory and defender
territory. The distance from the Baulk line to the midline is 3.75 meters.

Bonus Line: A line located at a certain distance from the center line, which riders have to cross to
earn a point. The distance from the balkline to the bonus point is 1 meter.

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RAIDING TECHNIQUES:

Raiding in Kabaddi is a fundamental aspect of the game. The raider must touch one or more
opponents and return to their side without being tackled or caught. A successful raid results in
points for the raiding team, while a failed raid, where the raider is either tackled or fails to
return, results in a point for the opposing team. Raiding requires agility, speed, strategy, and
excellent breath control, making it a key skill for players. It is often the most exciting and
intense part of the game, as it involves quick decision-making, evasive maneuvers, and a high
level of coordination.

Here are some common raiding techniques in Kabaddi:

1. Bonus Line Raid: The raider tries to cross the bonus line (usually 3.5 meters from the
center line) to earn extra points without getting caught. This requires speed and agility to
quickly touch the line and retreat.

2. Toe Touch: The raider aims to touch any part of an opponent's body with their foot and
then retreat without getting caught. This technique requires precise timing and swift
movement to evade defenders.

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3. Running Hand Touch: The raider runs into the opponent's court and touches an opponent
with their hand before returning to their own court. This technique relies on speed and
agility.
4. Dubki (Dive): A more advanced technique where the raider dives under the stretched arms
of defenders to tag them and then retreats. It requires flexibility, timing, and quick reflexes
to avoid being caught.

5. Escape: When surrounded by defenders, a raider may try to escape by using sudden
changes in direction or speed to evade capture. This technique requires quick thinking and
agility.

6. Fake and Escape: The raider pretends to make a move towards a defender, causing them
to react, and then quickly changes direction to escape or tag another opponent. This
technique relies on deception and agility.

7. Chain Raiding: In team raids, raiders may work together in quick succession to confuse
defenders and keep them off balance, making it easier to score points.

8. Block and Escape: In situations where defenders are tightly packed, the raider may use
physical force to push through or create a gap to escape. This requires strength and
determination.

9. High Kick: A raider may use a high kick to tag an opponent, especially when defenders
are crouched low to grab the raider.

DEFENDING TECHNIQUES:

Defending in Kabaddi is a vital aspect of the game, as it involves preventing the raider from
scoring by tackling, blocking, or neutralizing their attempts to touch or tag defenders.
Effective defending requires teamwork, agility, strategy, and strong physical skills.

Here are some key techniques and strategies used by defenders in Kabaddi:

1. Block: Defenders often form a line or cluster to block the raider's path and prevent them
from returning to their own half. This requires coordination and timing to anticipate the
raider's movements.
2. Ankle Hold: One of the most common defensive techniques where a defender grabs the
raider's ankle to stop their movement. It requires strong grip and timing to avoid being
evaded.

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3. Thigh Hold: Similar to the ankle hold, defenders may target the raider's thigh to bring
them down and prevent them from returning to their half.
4. Chain Tackle: Multiple defenders work together to surround and tackle the raider,
ensuring they cannot escape easily. Coordination and communication are key to execute
this effectively.
5. Dash: Defenders may use a sudden burst of speed to push or tackle the raider out of
bounds or into their own half. This technique relies on agility and timing.
6. Scissor Hold: Defenders may use their legs to form a scissor-like grip around the raider's body,
making it difficult for them to escape. This technique requires flexibility and control.
7. Back Hold: A defender grabs the raider from behind to restrict their movement and
prevent them from escaping. This technique requires anticipation and quick reaction.

8. Diversionary Tactics: Defenders may use fake movements or feints to confuse the raider
and disrupt their raiding strategy. This can create openings for teammates to execute tackles
or holds.

9. Counter-Attack: In situations where a raider is isolated or weakened, defenders may

aggressively attack to force them out of bounds or make a quick tag. This requires
awareness and decisiveness.

10. Footwork and Positioning: Good defenders maintain proper footwork and positioning to
quickly react to the raider's movements and anticipate their next move. This helps in cutting
off escape routes and executing tackles effectively.

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MAJOR COMPETITIONS:

International Competitions

Kabaddi World Cup

Main article: Kabaddi World Cup (Standard style)
The Kabaddi World Cup is an outdoor international standard style kabaddi competition conducted by
the International Kabaddi Federation (IKF), contested by men's and women's national teams. The
competition has been previously contested in 2004, 2007 and 2016. All the tournaments have been
won by India. India defeated Iran by 38–29 in the final of the championship game to clinch the title of
2016.
After the establishment of a new kabaddi organization named World Kabaddi Federation in 2005, a
2019 Kabaddi World Cup was held in April 2019 at Malacca, Malaysia. It was the largest world cup
in kabaddi history, consisting of 32 men's teams and 24 women's teams.

Asian Games
Kabaddi was played as a demonstration event at the First Asian Games in 1951, and again in
1982, before becoming a medal event for the first time in 1990. The Indian national team won
every men's and women's kabaddi competition in the Asian Games from 2002 through 2014.
At the 2018 Asian Games, Iran became the first country other than India to win gold medals in
kabaddi, with India's men's team winning bronze, and India's women's team being beaten by
Iran to win silver.

Domestic Competitions

Pro Kabaddi League

The Pro Kabaddi League was established in 2014. The league modeled its business upon that of the
Indian Premier League of Twenty20 cricket, with a large focus on marketing, the backing of local
broadcaster Star Sports. The Pro Kabaddi League quickly became a ratings success on Indian
television; the 2014 season was watched by at least 435 million viewers over the course of the season,
and the inaugural championship match was seen by 98.6 million viewers.

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Bengal Warriors, Bengaluru Bulls, Patna Pirates, Tamil Thalaivas, UP Yoddhas, Gujrat
Giants, Haryana Steelers, Puneri Paltan, U Mumba, Jaipur Pink Panthers, Dabang Delhi KC,
and Telugu Titans are the 12 teams that play in the Pro Kabaddi League.

The organisers of the Pro Kabaddi League change the sport's rules and its presentation to make it more
suitable for a television audience. All players in the league must be strictly under 85 kg in weight.
When the raider scores 10 or more raid points in a single match, it is called a super 10, and they earn
an extra point. If the defender successfully manages to tackle the five raiders in a single game, it is a
high 5, and the team will be awarded one extra point.

Additional rules are used in the Pro Kabaddi League to encourage scoring: when a defensive side has
three or fewer players remaining, tackles are worth two points instead of one. Furthermore, if a team
performs two empty raids in a row, the next raider must score a point ("do-or-die raid"), or else they
will be declared out and the opposing team will score a point.

Indo International Premier Kabaddi League

The inaugural edition of the IIPKL was on 13 May 2019 at Pune, India. The title for the inaugural
season was won by the Bangalore Rhinos.

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CONCLUSION

Physical education (PE) plays a vital role in promoting the overall health and well-being of individuals,
particularly in the developmental stages of life. It provides opportunities for students to engage in physical
activity, which helps improve cardiovascular health, muscle strength, flexibility, and coordination.
Additionally, PE promotes mental health by reducing stress, anxiety, and depression through the release of
endorphins during physical activities. Regular participation in PE helps students develop essential life skills
such as teamwork, communication, leadership, and discipline, all of which contribute to their personal and
social development. By fostering healthy lifestyle habits early on, PE helps combat the growing concerns
of childhood obesity and other lifestyle-related diseases.

Beyond physical fitness, physical education fosters cognitive growth by enhancing concentration, memory,
and problem-solving skills. The inclusion of various sports and physical activities also nurtures emotional
resilience by teaching students how to handle success and failure. PE encourages a lifelong commitment to
health and fitness, instilling the importance of maintaining an active lifestyle even beyond school years.
The holistic approach of PE, which combines physical, mental, and social benefits, is crucial for shaping
well-rounded individuals who are not only physically fit but also emotionally and socially competent. Thus,
physical education is an essential part of education, ensuring the development of a balanced and healthy
individual capable of thriving in various aspects of life.

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REFERENCES

1. KSSEM | Best College For Engineering and Management in Bangalore

2. https://kssem.edu.in/sports

3. Pro Kabaddi League | Official Website

4. https://en.wikipedia.org
5. https://www.indiankabaddi.org
6. https://openai.com/index/chatgpt
7. https://gemini.google.com/

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