SS 3 Sectional Views

SUBJECT: TECHNICAL DRAWING
TOPIC: SECTIONS AND SECTIONAL
VIEWS
CLASS: S.S. 3
Learning objectives
At the end of the lesson, learners should be able to:
• Identify different types of sections in engineering drawings
• draw sections of simple engines and assemblies
• draw the sectional view of a building through the foundation and
roof.
SECTIONS AND SECTIONAL VIEWS
An orthographic projection of an object gives the external shape and
details of the object clearly. We know that the invisible features of the
object are shown in the projected view by means of hidden lines. When
the invisible features are too many or of complex in nature, the hidden
lines will be more and it makes the projection very difficult to understand.
To overcome this difficulty, it is imagined that the object is being cut through or
sectioned by a plane partially or completely and at the portion of the object
between the cutting plane and the observer is assumed to be removed and
the section so expressed is drawn to show the invisible and interior details of
the object clearly. The view obtained is known as sectional view. The
imaginary plane is known as cutting plane or sectional plane.

TYPES OF SECTIONS
1. Revolved section
When a drawing has may numbers of long structural members of
different cross sections, it is very difficult to identify the cross section
of the member. In a particular view, a rectangular and circular duct
may look alike. In such cases, the cross section of each member is
shown by revolved section.

A section is formed by passing a cutting plane at right angle to the
axis of the object. This will be the actual cross section of the
object. This section in a plane that is perpendicular to the plane of
axis, is then revolved and brought in to the plane of the axis and
placed in the view in which the axis is seen as a line. This section
shown by a thin continuous line is known as revolved section.

REVOLVED SECTION
2. Removed section
This section is same as that of
revolved section, but it is drawn
outside the outline of the view.

3. Oblique section
In a mechanical drawing, a section taken through an object at an angle

(other than 90°) to its longest axis is known as Oblique section. The
section in the Oblique projection is termed as oblique section
4. Half section
Any symmetrical object may be shown by this type of section. Here
the object is cut by two cutting planes at right angles to each other
and containing the two centre lines of the object. The one quarter
portion of the object is assumed to be removed showing only half of
the object’s inner details. The projected view is a half sectional
view.
5. Off set section
In order to obtain more details of the object, the cutting plane may be
assumed to be offset as shown in the figure. The section thus obtained is
known as Offset section. The position of the offset cutting plane is always
shown by a cutting plane line in the view in which it is seen edgewise.

SECTIONING CONVENTIONS
When the cutting plane passes through the axes of bolts, nuts, studs,
rivets, keys, cotters, shafts etc., they are not shown in section
longitudinally.
They are shown when the cutting plane is at right angles to their axes i.e.,
shown in cross section. Similarly, the rib or web is not sectioned when the
cutting plane cuts it along its length and breadth.
Objects of long lengths like shafts and pipes are shown by breaking in the
middle.
SECTIONAL DRAWINGS OF SIMPLE MACHINE PARTS
The sectional views of the machine parts may be sectional front
view, sectional top view or sectional side view. The sectional views
are drawn in drawings where more inner details of the component
are needed. The different types of sectional views can be drawn by
suitable practice.
SECTIONAL FRONT VIEW OF AN OBJECT
PROCEDURES FOR DRAWING THE SECTIONAL
VIEW OF A BUILDING
1. Draw to correct scale
2. Draw the ground line.
3. Draw three (3) foundation footing and blindings 100 below GL
4. Draw the earth filling
5. Draw the hard-core
6. Draw the comcrete lab
7. Draw the terrazo floor finish

8. Draw three (3) walls in section
9. Section the three (3) walls.
10. Draw wall in elevation
11. Draw (2) lintels and beam
12. Draw (2) windows in section
13. Draw (2) doors in elevation
14. Draw the thresholds

15. Draw (2) fascia boards
16. Draw (2) eaves projections
17. Draw five roof members (struts, kingpost, purlin, rafter, roof
cover and ridge cap
18. Draw the (2) wall plates;
19. Draw ceiling and noggings;
The solution is shown below

EVALUATION
 Draw the sectional front and side view of the following
objects:

SS 3 Sectional Views

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SUBJECT: TECHNICAL DRAWING

TOPIC: SECTIONS AND SECTIONAL

At the end of the lesson, learners should be able to:

• Identify different types of sections in engineering drawings

• draw sections of simple engines and assemblies

• draw the sectional view of a building through the foundation and

sectioned by a plane partially or completely and at the portion of the object

imaginary plane is known as cutting plane or sectional plane.

When a drawing has may numbers of long structural members of

different cross sections, it is very difficult to identify the cross section

of the member. In a particular view, a rectangular and circular duct

shown by revolved section.

object. This section in a plane that is perpendicular to the plane of

shown by a thin continuous line is known as revolved section.

This section is same as that of

revolved section, but it is drawn

outside the outline of the view.

In a mechanical drawing, a section taken through an object at an angle

Any symmetrical object may be shown by this type of section. Here

portion of the object is assumed to be removed showing only half of

the object’s inner details. The projected view is a half sectional

assumed to be offset as shown in the figure. The section thus obtained is

shown by a cutting plane line in the view in which it is seen edgewise.

The sectional views of the machine parts may be sectional front

are drawn in drawings where more inner details of the component

are needed. The different types of sectional views can be drawn by

2. Draw the ground line.

3. Draw three (3) foundation footing and blindings 100 below GL

4. Draw the earth filling

5. Draw the hard-core

6. Draw the comcrete lab

7. Draw the terrazo floor finish

9. Section the three (3) walls.

10. Draw wall in elevation

11. Draw (2) lintels and beam

12. Draw (2) windows in section

13. Draw (2) doors in elevation

14. Draw the thresholds

16. Draw (2) eaves projections

18. Draw the (2) wall plates;

19. Draw ceiling and noggings;

The solution is shown below

 Draw the sectional front and side view of the following

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