Christian Polytechnic Institute of Catanduanes, Inc.

College of Criminal Justice System

Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Francia, Virac, Catanduanes

CRIMINOLOGY ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM (CEPRO 1)

CRIM 4 – PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS

“Ethics Is What Makes Us Humans”

POLICE DOCTRINE
- is defined as an authoritative statement of principles prescribing the proper acquisition, use and employment of
PNP human and material resources to achieve plan objectives.

Types of Police Doctrine

1. Primary Police doctrine
The following are the kinds of Primary Police Doctrine:
a. Fundamental Police Doctrine
- refers to the basic principle in planning, organization and management of the Philippine National
Police in support of the overall pursuits of the vision, mission, strategic action and plan attainment.

b. Operational Police Doctrine

- refers to the principles and rules governing the planning, organizing, directing and employment of
PNP forces in the accomplishment of basic security operational mission in the maintenance of peace and
order, crime prevention and suppression, internal security and public safety operation.

c. Functional Police Doctrine

- is a kind of Police doctrine which provides guidelines for specialized activities of the PNP in the
broad field of interest such as personnel, intelligence, operations, logistics planning, comptrollership,
community relations, investigation, research and training.

2. Secondary Police doctrine

The following are the kinds of Secondary Police Doctrine namely:
a. Complimentary Doctrine
- This doctrine is formulated jointly by two or more bureaus in order to effect a certain operation with
regards to public safety and peace and order.

b. Ethical Doctrine
- This doctrine defines the fundamental principles governing the rules of conduct, attitude and
behavior of every police officer.
ETHICS
- The science of the morality of human acts
- The study of the human motivation, and ultimately of human rational behavior.
- As the study and analysis of what constitutes good or bad conduct
- Derived from the Greek word, ethos which means characteristics way of acting and ethikos which means
customary

PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC SERVICE ETHICS

Public Service – defined as a service which provided by government to people living within its jurisdiction, either directly
(through the public sector) or by financing private provision of services. The term is associated with a social consensus
(usually expressed through democratic elections) that certain services should be available to all, regardless of income. Even
where public services are either publicly provided financed, for social and political reasons they are usually subject to
sectors. Public service is also a course that can be studied at a college and/or university.

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Police Service – defined as a body sanctioned by local, state or national government to enforce laws and apprehend those
who break them.
Public servants treat their office as a public trust, using power and resources for public interest, not to attain personal
benefit or private interest incompatible with the public good.

PRINCIPLES GOVERNING PUBLIC SERVICE ETHICS

1. Objective Judgment
- Public servants use independent objective judgment in performing their duties, and decide all matters based on the
merits.

2. Accountability
- A government is conducted openly, efficiently, equitably and honorably that permits the citizenry to make judgment
and hold government officials accountable.

3. Democratic Leadership
- It is fundamental principle that a public servant is duty- bound to respect the principles of representative
democracy, and as such, he must set a positive example of good citizenship by scrupulously observing the letter and spirit of
laws and rules.

4. Respectability
- Is duty-bound to safeguard public confidence and integrity of government by being honest, fair, caring and
respectful and by avoiding conduct creating the appearance of impropriety or which is otherwise unbefitting a public official.

VIRTUE
The ancient Romans used the Latin word virtus (derived from vir, their word for man) to refer to all of the “excellent
qualities of men, including physical strength, valorous conduct, and moral rectitude.” The French words vertu and virtu came
from this Latin root. In the 13th century, the word virtue was borrowed into English.
Virtue (Latin: virtus) is moral excellence. A virtue is a trait or quality that is deemed to be morally good and thus is
valued as a foundation of principle and good moral being. Personal virtues are characteristics valued as promoting collective
and individual greatness.

FOUR MORAL/CARDINAL VIRTUES

1. PRUDENCE
- The ability to govern and discipline oneself by means of reason and sound judgment
- The virtue attracts the intellect to choose the most effective means of accomplishing what is morally good and
avoiding what is evil.

2. TEMPERANCE
- one’s ability to moderate or avoid something
- the virtue that regulates the carnal appetite for sensual pleasures

3. FORTITUDE
- firmness of mind
- the courage to endure without yielding
- the virtue that incites courage
a. patience – calmness and composure in enduring situations
b. perseverance – the ability to go on despite the obstacles
c. endurance - the ability to last

4. JUSTICE
- The virtue that inclines the will to give to each one of his rights

THREE DIVISIONS OF JUSTICE

1. Commutative – virtue that regulates those actions that involve the rights that exist between one and another.
2. DISTRIBUTIVE – regulates those actions that involve the rights than an individual may claim from society
3. LEGAL – virtue that regulates those actions which society may justly require of the individual for the common good.

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RIGHT – anything that is owed or due
- Something to which a person has a just and lawful claim
- Anything that a person can lawfully demand

Kinds of Rights
1. Natural rights are those based on the natural law, that is, on human nature.
2. Human rights are those based on human positive laws, either those enacted by the State or a religious sect.
3. Civil rights are those dependent upon the laws of the state.
4. Ecclesiastical or religious rights are those dependent upon the laws of a church or a religious sect.
5. Alienable and Inalienable Rights
Alienable rights are those, civil or religious rights, which can be surrendered, renounced, or removed, such
as the right to decent livelihood.
6. Right of jurisdiction is the power of lawful authority to govern his subjects and to make laws for them.
7. Right of property is the power to own, to sell, to barter, to lend, to change, or give away one’s personal
possessions.
8. Juridical right refers to all rights in so far as they are based on laws. These rights must be respected, allowed,
fulfilled, as a matter of strict justice.
9. Non-Juridical rights are those which are founded on laws, either natural or human, but on virtue. Thus, these are
also called moral rights.

Duty is a moral obligation because it depends upon freewill. As such it resides on a person. Duty is defined by law; any
willful neglect of duty makes the person accountable for such act.

Kinds of Duties
1. Natural duties are those imposed by natural law such as, the duty to care for our health.
2. Positive duties are those imposed by a human positive law such as the duty to pay taxes and to observe traffic
rules.
3. Affirmative duties are those which require the performance of a certain act, such as casting a ballot during
election; applying for a business license.
4. Negative duties are those which require the omission of a certain act such as not carrying illegal firearms, or not
destroying the property of other.

BILL OF RIGHTS
- a list of individual liberties, freedom and rights which are guaranteed and protected under Article III of the 1987
Philippine Constitution.
- The protection of individuals against abuses of the state.
- Protection of the rights of an accused.

Professional Ethics
- A set of moral code to which every profession must subscribe
- Guides the professional where the law is silent or inadequate.

Police Ethics
- An example of professional ethics
- A practical science that treats the principle of human morality and duty as applied to law enforcement.
- It refers to a system of moral values that are generally accepted as professional standards in policing. Common
value usually required for police works are, allegiance, honesty, loyalty and courage.
Values – anything that a person considers important in life, such as material things, ideas and experiences.
- these are one’s beliefs, principle that are important, cherished upheld and defended.
- Refers to the accepted principles or standards of a person or a group of persons.

These societal values are those ideals that are held most dear by culture or group, and these are the values from which
we derive our understanding and expectation of ethics and ethical behavior. Such ideals include:
1. Integrity 4. Kindness 7. Sympathy
2. Honesty 5. Compassion 8. Justice
3. Hard work 6. Empathy 9. Bravery

Kinds of Values
According to the level of human life to which they correspond.

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 1. Biological Values - necessary to the physical survival of man as an organism
1. Life and health 2. Food and shelter 3. Work

2. Social Values - necessary to the sensual needs and fulfillment

1. Leisure and Sex 3. Family and Home 5. Education
2. Marriage 4. Parental Authority

3. Rational Values - necessary to the functions and fulfillment of intellect and will
1. Understanding and Control of Nature
2. Guide and Control of Oneself
3. Solidarity
4. Parental Authority with Fellowmen
5. Religion

Morality – the quality which makes an act good or bad, good or evil, right or wrong.

Classification of Morality
1. Moral (good, right) actions – are those actions which are inconformity with the norm of morality.
2. Immoral (bad, evil) actions – are those actions which are not in conformity with the norm of morality.
3. Amoral (Indifferent) actions – are those actions which stand neutral in relation to the norm of morality. They
are neither good nor bad in themselves. But certain amoral actions may become good or bad because of the
circumstances attendant to them. (neither good or bad).

The Police Ethical Doctrine is based on the principles that “All PNP members in the performance of their duties
shall fully abide by the Ethical Doctrine.”

This Ethical Doctrine was called from:

a. The PNP Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical Standard (COPCES) which is anchored on the divine
and moral precepts,
b. The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines and,
c. Other relevant provisions of the RPC
d. RA 6713 (Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees),
e. RA 3019 (Anti-Graft Practices Act),
f. RA 7080 – An Act Defining and Penalizing the Crime of Plunder
g. PD 46 – making it punishable for public officials and employees to receive, and for private persons to give
gifts on any occasions, including Christmas.
h. RA 6975 (DILG/PNP Law of 1991) and other related special laws.

COMMITMENT OF THE PNP MEMBERS:

The following are the commitments of PNP members:
1. All PNP personnel shall take upon themselves that the intent and spirit of this Doctrine are honored and upheld at all
times.
2. Directors, Chiefs and Heads of Offices/Stations shall set the example and be responsible for the adherence to this
Doctrine.
3. Priest/Minister/Imams of the PNP Chaplain Service while setting the example, shall actively participate in enhancing
the internalization of this Doctrine.
4. All members of the PNP shall take an oath that they shall commit themselves to this Doctrine.

The Oath of Commitment

The oath of commitment shall be done:
a. Upon entry into the PNP,
b. Upon promotion to the next higher rank, and
c. Upon assumption of office/position.

PNP Policies
The following are the policies of the PNP regarding the adherence of the Doctrine:
All PNP members (uniformed or non-uniformed personnel) shall execute a Pledge of Covenant to adhere this
Doctrine.
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 The PNP shall maintain the PNP Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical Standard (COPCES) as conveyor of this
PNP Ethical Doctrine.
All PNP COPCES shall be internalized by all members, and institutionalized in the PNP. It is part of the circular of all
PNP of all PNP academic courses and has been integrated in moral value programs conducted thru regular police
information and education activities.
CANONS OF POLICE ETHICS
The following are the canons of the Police Ethics:
1. Primordial Police Responsibility
2. Limitation of Police Authority
3. Knowledge of the Law and other Responsibility
4. Use of proper Means to obtain proper ends
5. Cooperation with public officials
6. Proper conduct and behavior
7. Conduct towards the community
8. Conduct in arresting law violator
9. Firmness in refusing gifts or favors impartial presentation of evidence

PROFESSIONAL POLICE PRINCIPLES

1. Prevention of crime and disorder

is the fundamental reason of the Police existence as an alternative to the repression of crime and disorder by
police force and severity of legal punishment.

2. Cooperation of the Community

PNP members secure the willingness and cooperation of the community as well as the voluntary observance of
the law by the community it serves.

3. Unreasonable force reduces community cooperation

PNP members shall use reasonable force only when necessary in the discharge of their duty.

4. Use of reasonable force when persuasion is not sufficient

PNP members shall use reasonable force only when necessary in the discharge of their duty.

5. Impartial enforcement of laws

Impartial enforcement of laws means without regard to the justice and injustice of the substance of particular
laws.

6. The community are the police

This affirms historic tradition that the police are the community and the community is the police.

7. Police should not usurp judicial powers

This means that the police is never averaging individuals of the state of authoritative judging guilt of punishing
the guilt.

8. Reduction of crime and disorder

This is a test of police efficiency

9. Rule of enforcement impartially observed

This means that the police considers the safety and security of who might be caught in the crossfire or arm
encounters.

10. Police Discretion

This pertains to the principle of reasonableness guides the officers considering all surrounding circumstance
whether any legal action shall be taken.

THE PNP CORE VALUES

It is noteworthy that the police service is a noble profession which demands from its members specialized knowledge
and skills, as well as high standards of ethics and morality. As such, the members of the PNP must adhere to and internalize
the enduring core values of:
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 a. Love of God,
b. Respect for authority,
c. Selfless love and service for people,
d. Sanctity of marriage, and family life
e. Responsible dominion and stewardship over material things, and
f. Truthfulness
THE POLICE OFFICER’S CREED
1. I believe in God, The Supreme Being, The Great Provider, and The Creator of all men and everything dear
to me.
In return, I can do no less than love Him above all obeying His word, seek His guidance in the performance of
my sworn duties and honor Him at all times.

2. I believe that respect for authority is a duty.

I respect and uphold the Constitution, the laws of the land and the applicable rules and regulations. O recognize
the legitimacy and authority of the leadership, and obey legal orders of my personal interest.

3. I believe in selfless love and service to people.

Towards this end, I commit myself to the service of my fellowmen over and above my personal interest.

4. I believe in the sanctity of marriage and family life.

I shall set the example of decency and morality, shall have high regard for family life and value of marital fidelity.

5. I believe in the responsible dominion and stewardship over material things.

I shall inhibit myself from extravagance and ostentatious display of material things. I shall help protect the
environment and conserve nature to maintain ecological balance.

6. I believe in the wisdom of truthfulness.

I must be trustworthy and I shall uphold the truth at all times.

PNP STAND ON BASIC ISSUES

It is noteworthy that the deployment and employment of PNP personnel require the organization and its members to
bare their stand on the following basic issues:

1. PNP IMAGE
The image of any organization affects the esprit d’ corps, morale and welfare of the members, and sense of
pride to the organization

2. CAREER MANAGEMENT: THE KEY TO PROFESSIONALISM

Proper implementation of the PNP’s Career Management will greatly enhance the personnel
professionalization process with regards to:
a. Procurement, c. promotion f. awards
b. Training, d. assignment g. retirement
c. Promotion, e. placement

3. POLICE MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP

The effectiveness of law enforcement is reflective of the managerial capabilities and competent leadership of
men and women who run the PNP organization. These attributes must be one of the primary bases for
consideration in the selection of personnel for employment and deployment purposes.

4. EQUALITY IN THE SERVICE

There shall be judicious and equitable distribution of opportunity to prove one’s worth in the police service.
The problem on inequity thru class orientation and factionalism, both real and perceived, premised on favored
assignment, inequitable opportunity of training, unfair granting of promotion, and untimely awarding of
achievements, any of these would create an atmosphere of demoralization. The result is inefficiency and lack of
teamwork to the detriment of the PNP organization.

5. DELICADEZA
In consonance with the requirements of honor and integrity in the PNP, all members must have the moral
courage to sacrifice self-interest in keeping with the time-honored principle of delicadeza.

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 Delicadeza means being aware of proper decorum and ways of behaving. But as Confucius said, it is a
virtue that should come from inside of every individual. Thus, our true path should be the path of wisdom.

6. POLICE LIFESTYLE
The PNP shall promote and maintain a lifestyle for its members which the public will find credible and
respectable. The public expects a police officer to live a simple and dignified life. They must be free from greed
corruption and exploitation.

7. POLITICAL PATRONAGE
PNP members shall inhibit themselves from soliciting political patronage on matters pertaining to
assignment, award, training and promotion.

8. SETTING EXAMPLE
All PNP members shall set good example to their subordinates, as such, they should follow good example
from the superiors.

CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARD (RA 6713)

Philippine National Police Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical Standard (also known as PNP Code of
Conduct)

ETHICAL – may be defined as a condition in accordance with right principles, as defined by a given system of ethics or
professional conduct.

Standard of Police Professionalism

Standard of Police Professionalism means that the PNP members shall perform their duties with:
a. Integrity
b. Intelligence and
c. Competence

PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND POLICE ETHICAL STANDARD

Professional conduct and ethical standards and a high degree of honesty are more essential for officers and
members of Philippine National Police than for any member of the society. This is so, because they are entrusted with the
enforcement of the rules, regulations and ordinances created by City/Municipality and the laws of the land created by the
Congress that guide the conduct of society. A policeman’s violation or infraction thereof, or his failure to enforce it, dishonor
the law and the authority be representing.

The Philippine National Police Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards (PNP Code of Conduct)

All PNP members shall abide and adhere to the provisions of this Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical
Standards. Towards this end, a truly professionalized and dedicated law enforcer shall be developed in promoting peace and
order, ensuring public safety and enhancing community participation guided by the principle that a public office is a public
trust and that all public servants must at all times be accountable to the people.

Definition of Terms:
1. Neglect of Duty or Nonfeasance- is the omission or refusal, without sufficient excuse, to perform an act or duty,
which it was the Peace Officer’s legal obligation to perform, it implies a duty as well as its breach and the fact can
never be found in the absence of a duty.

2. Irregularities in the Performance of Duty- is the improper performance of some act which might be lawfully done.

3. Misconduct or Malfeasance- is the doing, inattention or malice, of that which the officer had no legal right to do all,
as where he act without any authority whatsoever, or exceeds, ignores or abuses his powers.

4. Incompetency- is the manifest lack of adequate ability and fitness for the satisfactory performance of police duties.

5. Oppression- it imports an act of cruelty, severity, unlawful execution, domination or excessive use of authority.

6. Dishonesty- is the concealment or distortion of truth in a matter of fact relevant of one’s office or connected with the
performance of his duties.
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 7. Disloyalty to the Government- consist of abandonment or renunciation of one’s loyalty to the Government of the
Philippines, or advocating the overthrow of the government.

8. Violation of law- it presupposes conviction in court of any crime of offense penalized under Revised Penal Code or
any special law or ordinances.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF OFFENSE
For purposes of the application of penalties, administrative offenses are classified into:
a. Light,
b. Less grave, and
c. Grave

a. LIGHT OFFENSES:
1. Simple Neglect of Duty
This is incurred by any member of the Philippine National Police who shall
a. Fail to supervise, inspect and control subordinates directly under his command as to their punctuality,
attendance, prescribed attire, proper use and maintenance of equality, preparation and submission of
reports, efficient, performance of their duties and responsibilities, and the observance of good order,
conduct, behavior and discipline;
b. Fail to take corrective action by way of warning, advise, admonition or suggestion to a subordinate or to
report such conduct when such subordinate is committing or has already committed a dereliction,
irregularity or violation of department rules and regulations;
c. Fail to order or cause the investigation of a subordinate reported to him as absent without leave;
d. Fail to disseminate any order, directive or instruction;
e. Fail to coordinate or cooperate with other law enforcement agencies and their personnel;
f. Absent oneself from office without having filed the necessary application for leave, either prior to the
enjoyment of the leave or immediately thereafter;
g. Fail or refuse to give his name and badge number when properly requested;
h. Fail to report for duty in prescribed uniform with badge, identification card, service firearm and other
required equipment, except those not required to wear the prescribed uniform by reason of the exigency
of the service.
i. Fail to keep an official appointment with a complainant, informer or crime witnesses without lawful
justification;
j. Fail to submit a written report to his commanding officers immediately or within a reasonable time after
accidental firing of his firearm, time and circumstances would permit;
k. Fail to take custody of government issued property from a member under his command who is
suspended, separated, retired or dead.
l. Fail to respond to or expedite action without sufficient justification on a complainant person, by
telephone, or by letter;

2. Simple Irregularity in the Performance of Duty

a. Be found to have the odor or smell of alcohol on his breath while on duty, or possess alcoholic
beverages on his person, police vehicle, post or office;
b. Drive a marked police vehicle while not in prescribed uniform, except those who are not required to do
so by reason of the exigency of the service;
c. Use siren and/or red blinker light while not responding to an emergency or not in hot pursuit of a fleeing
criminal or law violator;
d. Allow unauthorized members of the police force to drive marked or unmarked police vehicles;
e. Interface or obstruct the work of other members or change the assignment or tour of duty of
subordinates not belonging to his command.

3. Slight or Simple Misconduct

a. Fail to salute officials, dignitaries, superior officers and other officials entitled thereto or the national
colors during the playing of the national anthem;
b. Fight, threaten or quarrel with any member of the police force; provided, that when the member being
challenged shall be that of Grave Misconduct;
c. Read newspapers, books or periodicals while in uniform and in street duty.
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 d. Be untidy or couth in his personal appearance and behave in an ungentlemanly or undignified manner;
e. Fail to recognize and satisfy any just debt;

b. LESS GRAVE OFFENSE:

1. Less Grave Neglect of Duty
a. Fail to execute lawful orders from higher authority or; tolerate any subordinate to ignore or ridicule any order,
rule or regulation
b. Fail to make immediate correction or take appropriate action when a dereliction, irregularity or violation of
law or duty is being committed or has been committed in his presence by a subordinate or under his
command, or fail to report the same to his commanding officer within twenty-four hours;
c. Fail to prepare disciplinary or administrative complaint or take such disciplinary action as may be necessary.

2. Less grave irregularities in the performance of duties

a. Apply for and serve a search or seizure warrant in any establishment or private house without the knowledge
or approval of the chief of police;
b. Use traffic violation reports which are not duly validated by the Land Transportation Office or by the Metro
Manila Authority:
c. Use traffic violation reports duly validated by the Land Transportation Office (LTO) but are not issued to him
for traffic enforcement work;
d. Use the official insignia, markings and seal of the police force in any privately owned vehicle, without the
authority of the chief of Police;
e. Disregard or violate traffic Rules and regulations while driving a police vehicle when not in hot pursuant and
not responding to an emergency call; and
f. Commit any other act analogous to the foregoing.

3. Less grave misconduct

a. Take advantage of his position by procuring goods and commodities at a losing price to an unwilling seller,
or partake of food, drinks and cigarettes free of charge;
b. Engage gambling or games of chance, regulated or prohibited, while on duty or in prohibited games of
chance while off duty;
c. Loiter in gambling houses, narcotic dens, prostitution house, hotels, motels, mahjong joints, cockpits, night
clubs, cocktail lounge, bars bookie corners, and in other questionable places when not in the performance of
police duty;
d. Be drunk and disorderly while on or off duty, or drunk while off duty and in uniform or in recognizable uniform
of the force, when the same has no connection with the performance of police duty;
e. Maliciously in intrigue against the honor of a co-officer, or indulge in idle gossip or spread rumors that tend to
discredit another member
f. Take a trip abroad without proper leave or approval of the authorities concerned;
g. Borrow or solicit money or any valuable from his subordinates.

c. GRAVE OFFENSES:
1. Serious Neglect of Duty
a. Fail or refuse to take command in an emergency in order to carry out police-duty, being the officer present
with the highest rank, grade or position;
b. Fail to prevent or suppress the criminal act of a subordinate being committed in his presence or fail to report
the same to the chief of police within twenty-for hours after discovery;
c. Fail to apprehend and/or arrest under circumstances where it is his duty to do so;
d. Fail to return personal effects of released prisoners or other property used in evidence the release of which
is ordered by competent court or authority;
e. Fail to perform his assigned mission or fail to participate in an operation for the security of the President, or
other high ranking officials of the Philippines or foreign heads of state,
f. Fail to administer first aid when able and/or convey to the hospital, victims of traffic accidents, person’s shot
or stabbed, persons electrocuted, and others who are dying and need urgent medical or surgical attention;
g. Fail to quell a disturbance or to protect a person from death or injury when able to do so;

2. Serious Irregularities in the Performance of Duties

a. Engage directly or indirectly in partisan political activity or take part on any election except to vote;
b. Act as bodyguard or security for any public official or candidate for any elective public office or position or
any other person within (3 months) immediately preceding any election and within one (1) month thereafter,
unless authorized or deputized by the Commission on Elections;
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 c. Act as bodyguard or security guard for the person or property of any public official or private person unless
approved by the property authorized concerned;
d. Prevent any arrested person or detention prisoners to have the right of counsel;
e. Reveal secret or confidential police matters and information which jeopardized police mission and
operations, or which causes injury or damage to citizens;
f. Establish a check in any public through fare for the purpose of stopping vehicles or persons and searching
them without search warrant or without legal grounds;
g. Escort while on or off duty, any vehicle, carrying highly dutiable or taxable goods, merchandise, appliances
or machinery;
h. Sell, pawn, rent or loan his government issued service firearm, vehicle police equipment to another person
or establishment;
i. Perform the duties and functions of customs or immigration authorities without proper deputation in
accordance with law
j. Escort or allow other members to escort detention prisoners outside the jail in order to attend a funeral, visit
a sick relative, or solicit a bond without an order of the court of proper jurisdiction.

3. Grave Misconduct
a. Maltreat or abuse any prisoner or detained person under his custody
b. Join a strike or refuse to report for duty in order to secure changes in terms and conditions of his
employment, or to oust the chief of police or any other officer from office;
c. Publicly consort with woman of ill repute and/or scandalously cohabit with or maintain a wife other than his
legitimate spouse;
d. Fail or refuse to surrender or deposit his service firearm. Identification card and police vehicle, if any, to his
commanding officer upon demand during the period of suspension:
e. Willful of failure to pay debts or obligation due the government;

Police Professional Conduct

1. Commitment to Democracy
Uniformed PNP members shall commit themselves the democratic way of life and values and maintain the
principle of public accountability. They shall all times uphold the Constitution and be loyal to country, people and
organization, above their loyalty to any person.

2. Commitment to Public Interest

PNP members shall always uphold public interest over and above personal interest. All government
properties, resources and powers of their respective offices must be employed and used effectively, honestly
and efficiently, particularly to avoid wastage of public funds and revenues. PNP members must avoid and
prevent the “malversation” of human resources, government time, property and funds.

3. Non-Partisanship
PNP members shall provide services to everyone without discrimination regardless of party or political
affiliation in accordance with existing laws and regulations.

4. Physical Fitness and Health

PNP members shall strive to be physically and mentally fit and in good health at all times. As such, they shall
undergo regular physical exercises and annual medical examination in any PNP Hospital or Medical facility, and
shall actively participate in the Physical Fitness and Sports Development Program of the PNP.

5. Secrecy Discipline
PNP members shall guard the confidentiality of classified information against unauthorized disclosure,
including confidentiality aspects of official business, special orders, communications and other documents roster
or any portion thereof, contents of criminal records, identities of persons who may have given information or
intelligence material.

6. Social Awareness
PNP members and their immediate family members shall be encouraged to actively get involved in religious,
social and civic activities to enhance the image of the organization without affecting their official duties.

7. Non-Solicitation of Patronage

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 PNP members shall seek self-improvement through career development and shall not directly or indirectly
solicit influence or recommendation from politicians, high ranking government official’s prominent citizens,
persons affiliated with civic or religious organizations with regards to their assignments, promotions, transfer or
those of other members of the force, nor shall they initiate any petition to be prepared and presented by citizens
in their behalf.

8. Proper Care and Use of Public Property

PNP members shall promote and maintain sense of responsibility in the protection, proper care and judicious
disposition and use of public property issued for their official use or entrusted to their care and custody just like
“a good father of their family”.

9. Respect for Human Rights

In the performance of duty, PNP members shall respect and protect human dignity and uphold the human
rights of all persons. No member shall inflict, instigate or tolerate extra-judicial killings, arbitrary arrests, any act
of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and shall not invoke superior orders or
exceptional circumstances such as a state-of-war, a threat to national security, internal political instability or any
public emergency as a justification for committing such human rights violations.

10. Devotion to duty

PNP members shall perform their duties with dedication thoroughness, efficiency enthusiasm, determination,
and manifest concern for public welfare and shall be conflict with their duties as public servants.

11. Conservation of natural resources

PNP members shall help in the development and conservation of our natural resources for ecological
balance and posterity as these are the inalienable heritage of our people.

12. Discipline
PNP members shall conduct themselves properly at all times in keeping with the rules and regulations of the
organization.

13. Loyalty
PNP members shall be loyal to the Constitution and the police service as manifested by their loyalty to their
superior’s peers and subordinate as well.

14. Obedience to superiors

PNP members shall obey lawful orders of and be courteous to superior officers and other appropriate
authorities within the chain of command. They shall readily accept whenever they are assigned anywhere in the
country. Therefore, it is prohibition for any personnel to petition in court or in any public forum his assignment.

15. Command Responsibility

In accordance with the Doctrine on Command Responsibility, immediate Commanders/Directors shall be
responsible for the effective supervision, control and direction of their personnel and shall see to it that all
government resources shall be managed, expended or utilized in accordance with laws and regulations and
safeguard against losses thru illegal or improper disposition.

ETHICAL STANDARDS – shall refer to established and generally accepted moral values.
The following are the Ethical acts to be observed by every PNP member:
1. Morality
PNP members shall adhere to high standards of morality and decency and shall set good examples for
others to follow. In no instance during their terms of office, among other things, shall they be involved as owners,
operators, managers or investors in any house of ill-repute or illegal gambling den or other places devoted to
vices, nor they shall patronize such places unless on official duty, and tolerate operations of such establishments
in their respective areas of responsibilities. They shall be faithful to their lawfully wedded spouses.

2. Judicious use of authority

PNP members shall exercise proper and legitimate use of authority in the performance of duty.

3. Integrity
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 PNP members shall not allow themselves to be victims of corruption and dishonest practices in accordance
with the provisions of RA 6713 and other applicable laws.

4. Justice
Every PNP member shall strive constantly to respect the rights of others so that he/she can fulfill his/her duty
and exercises his/her rights as human being, parent, child, citizen, worker, leader, or in other capacity and to see
to it that others do likewise.

5. Humility
All PNP members shall recognize the fact that they are public servants and not the masters of the people, as
such, they should perform their duties without attracting attention or expecting the applause of others.

6. Orderliness
PNP members shall follow original procedures in accomplishing tasks assigned to them to minimize waste in
the use of time, money and effort.

7. Perseverance
To be considered perseverance, if once a decision is made, PNP members shall take legitimate means to
achieve the goal even in the face of internal or external difficulties, and despite anything which might weaken
their resolve in the course of time.

Definition of terms:

1. Customs – established usage or social practices carried on by tradition that have obtained the force of law.
2. Traditions – bodies of beliefs, stories, customs and usages handed down from generation to generation with the
effect of an unwritten law.
3. Courtesy – a manifestation or expression of consideration and respect for others.
4. Ceremony – a formal act or set of formal acts established by customs or authority as proper to special occasion.
5. Social Decorum – A set of norms and standards practices by members during social and other functions.

Police Customs on Courtesy

1. Salute
Is the usual greetings rendered by uniformed members upon meeting and recognizing person entitled to a
salute.

2. Salute to National Color and Standard

Members stand at attention and salute the national color and standard as these pass by them or when the
national color is raised or lowered during ceremonies.

3. Address/title
Junior in rank address senior members who are entitled to salute with the word “Sir” or “Ma’am”. All Police
Commissioned Officers shall be addressed sir or ma’am by Police Non-Commissioned Officers and Non-Uniformed
Personnel.

4. Courtesy Calls
The following are the customs on courtesy calls:
1. Courtesy Call of Newly Assigned/Appointed Member
PNP members who are newly appointed or assigned in a unit or command call on the chief of
the unit or command and other key personnel as a matter of courtesy, as well as for accounting,
orientation and other purposes.

2. Christmas Call
PNP members pay a Christmas Call on their local executives in their respective areas of
responsibility.

3. New Year’s Call

PNP members pay a New Year’s call on their commanders and/or key officials in their respective
areas of responsibility.
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 4. Promotion Call
Newly promoted PNP members call on their unit head. On this occasion, they are usually given due
recognition and congratulations by their peers for such deserved accomplishment.

5. Exit Call
PNP members pay an Exit Call on their superiors in the unit or command when relieved or
reassigned out of the said unit or command.

6. Courtesy of the Post

The host unit extend hospitality to visiting personnel who pay respect to the command or unit.

7. Rank Has-Its-Own Privilege (RHIP)

PNP members recognize the practice that different ranks carry with them corresponding privileges.

Police Customs on Ceremonies

1. Flag Raising Ceremony
PNP members honor the flag by hoisting it and singing the National Anthem before the start of the official
day’s work.

2. Flag Lowering Ceremony

At the end of the official day’s work, the PNP members pause for a moment to salute the lowering of the flag.

3. Half-Mast
The flag is raised at half-mast in deference to deceased uniformed members of the command.

4. Funeral Service and Honors

Departed uniformed members, retirees, war veterans or former PC/INP members are given vigil,
necrological services and graveside honors as a gesture of farewell.

5. Ceremony Tendered to Retirees

In recognition of their long, faithful and honorable service to the PNP, a testimonial activity shall be tendered
in their honor.

6. Honor Ceremony
Arrival and departure honor ceremonies are rendered to visiting dignitaries, VIPs, PNP Officers with the
grade of Chief Superintendent and above and AFP officers of equivalent grade, unless waived.

7. Turnover Ceremony
The relinquishment and assumption of command or key position is publicly announced in a Turnover
Ceremony by the immediate superior or his representative. Outgoing Commander/Director should not leave his
post without proper turnover. Turn-over includes turnover of properties/equipment, human and material
resources.

8. Wedding Ceremony
During marriage of PNP members, a ceremony is conducted with participants in uniform and swords drawn.

9. Anniversary
The birth or institutional establishment of a command or unit is commemorated in an Anniversary Ceremony.

10. Proper Attire

PNP members always wear appropriate and proper attire in conformity with the occasion.

Types of PNP Authorized Uniforms “Tamang Bihis”

1. PNP GOA Type “A” 7. Patrol Uniform
2. PNP GOA Type “B” 8. Tourist Police Uniform
3. Mess Jacket 9. Tourist Police Jacket
4. Full Dress White (White Duck) 10. Search and Rescue Uniform (SAR)
5. Full Dress Blue (Ceremonial Blue) 11. Athletic Uniform
6. Field Service Uniform (FSU)
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Police Customs on Social Decorum

1. Table manners:
PNP members observe table etiquette at all times.

2. Social Graces:
PNP members conduct themselves properly in dealing with people during social functions.

3. Uniform/Appearance:
The public looks upon a PNP member as distinctively a man among men. It is a welcome sight when PNP
members wear their uniform properly wherever they may be. Bulging stomach is a taboo in the uniformed service.
Since disciplined PNP members are best exemplified by those who are neat in appearance and wearing the
prescribed uniform, they must therefore observe the following:
a. Wearing of prescribed uniform
b. Adherence to haircut prescribed by rules and regulations.

4. Manner of Walking:
Every PNP member is expected to walk with pride and dignity.

Other Police Customs:

1. Visiting the Sick

Immediate commanders or other available officers of the unit visit PNP members who are sick in the
hospital, their residence or any place of confinement in order that their needs are attended to.

2. Survivor Assistance of Heir of Deceased Members

A survivor officer is designated whenever PNP members die, to render maximum assistance to their
bereaved family until all benefits due shall have been received.

3. Visiting the Religious Leaders

PNP Officers visit religious leaders in their areas of assignment to establish or maintain rapport and
cooperation between the different religious leaders and the PNP.

4. Athletics
PNP members indulge in physical fitness activities or insure that their proper physical appearance and
bearing are smaller than the size of his chest and in conformity with the standard set forth by the organization.

5. Happy Hours
Usually on Friday or any other day suitable for the occasion, PNP members gather together at their PNP
club for a light hearted jesting or airing of minor gripes.

Police Traditions:
1. Spiritual Beliefs
PNP members are traditionally religious and God-loving person. As such, they attend religious services
together with the members of their family.

2. Valor
It is worthy to note that history attests that the Filipino law enforcers have exemplified the tradition of valor in
defending the country from aggression and oppression and protecting/preserving the life and property of the people.
They sacrificed their lives and limbs for the sake of their countrymen whom they have pledged to serve.

3. Patriotism
The PNP members are traditionally patriotic by nature. They manifest their love of country with a pledge of
allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend the Constitution.

4. Discipline
The discipline of the PNP members is manifested by instinctive obedience to lawful orders and thorough and
spontaneous actions towards attainment of organizational objectives guided by moral, ethical and legal norms.

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 5. Gentlemanliness
PNP members are upright in character, gentle in manners, dignified in appearance, and sincere in their
concern to fellowmen.

6. Word of Honor
PNP members word is their bond. They stand by and commit to uphold it.

7. Duty
PNP members have historically exemplified themselves as dedicated public servants who perform their
tasks with a deep sense of responsibility and self-sacrifice. They shall readily accept assignment anywhere in the
country.

8. Loyalty
PNP members are traditionally loyal to the organization, country and people as borne by history and
practice.

9. Camaraderie
The binding spirit that enhances teamwork and cooperation in the police organization, extending to the
people they serve in manifested by the PNP member’s deep commitment and concern for one another.

The Police Officer’s Pledge

The following are the Police Officer’s pledge:
1. I will love and serve God, my country and people;
2. I will uphold the Constitution and obey legal orders the duly constituted authorities;
3. I will oblige myself to maintain a high standard morality and professionalism;
4. I will respect the customs and traditions of the police service; and
5. I will live a decent and virtuous life to serve as example to others.

Forum to Recite
It is noteworthy that the Police Officer’s Pledge should be recited during the following occasions:
1. Flag raising and flag retreat ceremonies, jointly with the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag (Panunumpa sa
Watawat ng Pilipinas).
2. PNP Training/course opening and closing ceremonies.
3. Seminars on moral values internalization.
4. Other ceremonies.

DUTY, DISCRETION, AND DISCRIMINATION

1. Duty consists of the responsibilities attached to a role;
2. Discretion is the ability to choose between two or more courses of action; and
3. Discrimination occurs when a group or individual is treated differently for no justifiable reason.

Types of Police Deviance

1. Police Gratuity
2. Police Perjury
3. Police Brutality
4. Police Profanity
5. Police Shakedowns
6. Sex on Duty or Duty-Related
7. Sleeping on Duty
8. Drinking and Abusing Drugs on or off Duty
9. Misuse of Confidential Information

LAW ENFORCER
Law enforcer is one whose prime authority is to enforce the law and whose constitutional duty is to preserve peace,
to defend and protect the people.

How to Enforce the law?

Law enforcers must:
1. Know the ability to learn how they are interpreted by the courts;
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 2. Have the ability to learn how they are interpreted by the courts;
3. Know how to properly execute and enforce such laws;
4. Know how and when to properly effect the arrest of offenders;
5. Have the technical and legal know-how to protect and defend the innocent from harassment, and prosecute
offenders who are probably guilty of a felony or a crime.

Awards and Decorations of the Philippine National Police

The Philippine National Police recognizes individual efficiency, gallantry in the face an
enemy, and meritorious accomplishments of its personnel by awarding decorations and medals.

Awards – anything tangible granted to an individual in recognition of acts of gallantry or

heroism, meritorious service or skill and proficiency.

Decoration – a piece of metal/material representing an award.

Medal – refers to the distinctive physical device of metal and ribbon which constitute the
tangible evidence of an award.

Service Medal – an award given to individuals who rendered service in a campaign operation in
the PNP under certain conditions within a definite period of time. It is awarded generally in
recognition of honorable performance of duty during the campaign operation or service.

Service Ribbon – a ribbon in color with the suspension ribbon of the service medal it
represents, attached to a bar equipped with a suitable attaching device. A service ribbon is
issued with each service medal.

3 Categories of Awards

1. Operational Awards
a. Medalya ng Kagitingan (PNP Medal of Valor) – the highest award given to PNP uniformed
personnel for acts of bravery and self-sacrifice. To be awarded the medal, a PNP member must perform a deed
of personal bravery that is so conspicuous as to distinguish them from their comrades.
The first PNP Medal of Valor Awardee was Brother PCOL Elmar B. Sillador (Ret)

b. Medalya ng Kabayanihan (PNP Distinguished Conduct Medal) – for acts of conspicuous courage
and gallantry in the face of an armed enemy or acts of heroism so notable and involving a risk of life so
extraordinary as to set him apart from his comrades.

c. Medalya ng Katapangan (PNP Bravery Medal) - is awarded to PNP members who have shown
gallantry in action. To qualify, the recipient must have faced a superior enemy force in combat. The medal is
given for acts of personal bravery and self-sacrifice that are above and beyond the call of duty.

d. Medalya ng Katangitanging Asal (PNP Outstanding Conduct Medal) - is awarded to a member of

the PNP for heroic acts while in action, especially those involving conflict with an enemy.

e. Medalya ng Kadakilaan (PNP Heroism Medal) - awarded for acts of bravery or outstanding
courage. The medal is given to PNP personnel who perform heroic acts in hazardous situations, putting their
lives at risk above and beyond the call of duty.

f. Medalya ng Kagalingan (PNP Medal of Merit) - is a decoration awarded to members of the

Philippine National Police (PNP) for meritorious service. Meritorious service is defined as the praiseworthy
execution of duties over a period of time.

g. Medalya ng Papuri (PNP Commendation Medal) - this medal is awarded for exemplary efficiency,
devotion, and loyalty.

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 h. Medalya ng Sugatang Magiting (PNP Wounded Personnel Medal) - recognizes police officers who
are wounded while serving their duty.

2. Administrative Awards

a. Medalya ng Katangitanging Gawa (PNP Outstanding Achievement Medal) - is a decoration

awarded by the Philippine National Police (PNP) for outstanding achievement.

b. Medalya ng Pambihirang Paglilingkod (PNP Special Service Medal) - this medal is awarded for
special service.

c. Medalya ng Kagalingan (PNP Medal of Merit)

d. Medalya ng Katapatan sa Paglilingkod (PNP Distinguished Service Medal) - an award given by

the Philippine National Police (PNP) to recognize meritorious accomplishments, individual efficiency, and
gallantry in the face of an enemy.

3. Miscellanous Awards

a. Medalya ng Kasanayan (PNP Efficiency Medal) - this medal is awarded for efficiency.

b. Medalya ng Ugnayang Pampulisya (PNP Police Relations Medal)

c. Medalya ng Mabuting Asal (PNP Good Conduct Medal)

d. Medalya ng Paglilingkod (PNP Service medal)

e. Medalya ng Paglaban sa Manliligalig (PNP Anti-dissidence Campaign medal)

f. Medalya ng Pagtulong sa Nasalanta (PNP Disaster Relief and Rehabilitation

Operations Campaign medal)

g. Medalya ng Paglilingkod sa Luzon (PNP Luzon Campaign medal)

h. Medalya ng Paglilingkod sa Visayas (PNP Vizayan Campaign medal)

i. Medalya ng Paglilingkod sa Mindanao (PNP Mindanao Campaign medal)

j. Mga Tsapa ng Kuwalipikasyon (PNP Qualification Badges)

-end-

“Enjoy your Christmas as much as you enjoy molding minds”

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