PROFESSION CONDUCT AND

ETHICAL STANDARDS
ETHICS
It is the science of the morality of human acts It is
the study of the human motivation, and ultimately of
human rational behavior. It is derived from Greek
words "ETHOS" which means a characteristic way
of acting and "ETHIKOS", which means
customary.
ETHICS
• Is the branch of philosophy that examines right and
wrong moral behavior, moral concepts (such as justice,
virtue, duty) and moral language.
• Ethics is Indispensable
• Without moral perception, man is no different from
animals
• Without moral, man is a failure as human being
MORALITY
It is the quality which makes an act good or bad,
good or evil, right or wrong.
MORAL DISTINCTIONS
1) moral good, right
2) immoral bad, wrong
3) amoral- neither good nor bad
HUMAN ACTS
These are acts that are done knowingly, deliberately
and freely.
ELEMENTS OF HUMAN ACTS:
1) KNOWINGLY- When the person fully
understands what he is doing and has the ability to
appreciate the consequences of his actions.
2) DELIBERATELY - When the person did his
actions intentionally
3) FREELY - When the person performed his
actions voluntarily
TWO DIVISIONS OF ETHICS
1) GENERAL ETHICS
It is the study of the general principles of morality.
2) SPECIAL ETHICS
-It is the study of the application of the general
principles of morality; included in this division is the
category of professional ethics.
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
It a set of moral code to which every profession must subscribe
guides the professional where the law is silent or inadequate
POLICE ETHICS
• It is an example of professional ethics.
• It is a practical science that treats the principle of
human morality and duty as applied to law
enforcement.
VALUES
-It is anything that a person considers important in
life such as material things, ideas and experiences.
KINDS OF VALUES
1) BIOLOGICAL VALUES Those that are necessary
for survival such as food, shelter, clothing, sex,
water and sleep. These include physiological needs
of man as a man.
2) PSYCHOLOGICAL VALUES
Those are that are necessary for emotional
fulfillment of man such as relationships,
companionship, family, friendships and love.
3) INTELLECTUAL VALUES
Those that are necessary for the intellectual
fulfillment of man, such as achievements, career and
success.
4) MORAL VALUES
Those that are necessary for the spiritual fulfillment of man.
VIRTUE
• It is a habit that inclines the person to act in a way
that harmonizes with his nature.
• It is the habit of doing good.
• Its opposite is vice, the habit of doing bad.
FOUR MORAL/CARDINAL VIRTUES
1) PRUDENCE
• It is the ability to govern und discipline oneself by
means of reason and sound judgment.
• It is a virtue that attracts the intellect to choose the
most effective means for accomplishing what is
morally good and avoiding what is evil.
2) TEMPERANCE
• It is one's ability to moderate or avoid something.
• It is a virtue that regulates the canal appetite for sensual
pleasures.
3) FORTITUDE
• It means firmness of mind.
• It is the courage to endure without yielding. It is a virtue that
incites courage.
a) PATIENCE - It is calmness and composure in
enduring situations.
b) PERSEVERANCE - It is the ability to go on
despite the obstacles.
c) ENDURANCE - It is the ability to last.
4) JUSTICE - It is the virtue that inclines the will to
give to each one of his rights.
THREE DIVISIONS OF JUSTICE
1. COMMUTATIVE
It is a virtue that regulates those actions that involve
the rights that exist between one and another,
2) DISTRIBUTIVE
It regulates those actions that involve the rights than
an individual may claim from society.
3) LEGAL
It is a virtue that regulates those actions which
society may justly require of the individual for the
common good.
RIGHT
• It is anything that is owed or due.
• It is something to which a person has a just and
lawful claim.
• It is anything that a person can lawfully demand.
HUMAN RIGHTS
• These are rights pertaining to the rights of man.
• These are rights inherent to man by virtue of being
a human being. These are the supreme, inherent
and inalienable rights to life, dignity and to self-
development.
Supreme rights = highest form of rights
Inherent rights = rights attached to men as humans
Inalienable rights = rights that cannot be
transferred, cannot be borrowed and cannot be taken
away
BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS
1) RIGHT TO LIFE
2) RIGHT TO LIBERTY
3) RIGHT TO PROPERTY
Exceptions: circumstances of warrantless search by virtue
of court order
BILL OF RIGHTS
This is a list of individual liberties, freedom and rights
which are guaranteed and protected under Article III of the
1987 Philippine Constitution. - It is the protection of
individuals against abuses of the State.
- This likewise pertains to protection of the rights of an
accused.
DUTY
It is anything we are obliged to do or to omit. It is a moral
obligation incumbent upon a person of doing, omitting or
avoiding. For every right, there is a corresponding duty.
BACKGROUND ON THE PNP CODE OF
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL
STANDARDS
SECTION 37, RA 6975
"There shall be established a performance evaluation
system which shall be administered in accordance with the
rules, regulations and standards, and A CODE OF
CONDUCT promulgated by the Commission for members
of the PNP...
NAPOLCOM RESOLUTION NO 92-4
• A resolution issued by approving the draft of the
Philippine National Police Code of Professional Conduct
and Ethical Standards by the PNP
• It was approved on 12 March 1992.
PURPOSES OF THE CODE
1) To foster individual efficiency, behavioral discipline
and organizational effectiveness as well as respect for
constitutional and human rights of Citizens, democratic
principles and ideals and the supremacy of civilian
authority over the military;
2) To set the moral tone and norms of professional conduct
in the police service;
3) To provide moral and ethical guidance to all PNP
members; and

4) To enlighten members of the police service of what

behavior is really acceptable to define what is permitted
and what is prohibited.
LAWS RELATED TO THE PNP CODE
1) Act RA 3019-Anti-Graft and Corruption Practices
2) RA 6713 - Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for
Public Officials and Employees
3) RA 7080 - Anti-Plunder Act
4) RA 9485 - the Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007
5) PLEB Rules and Regulations
TYPES OF MISCONDUCT
1) NON-FEASANCE
It is the failure to perform an act or duty that is part of one's obligation
without sufficient excuse.
2) MALFEASANCE
It is the commission of an act that one is prohibited to do intentional
3) MISFEASANCE
It is the improper or incorrect performance of an act that should be done or
performed
INCOMPETENCY
It is the lack of adequate ability and fitness for the
satisfactory performance of police duties. It could be due
to physical or intellectual limitations or lack of skill.
DISLOYALTY TO THE GOVERNMENT
• It is the abandonment or renunciation of one's loyalty to
the government of the Philippines.
• It is advocating to overthrow the present administration.
POLICE DISCRETION
It is the act or the liberty to decide according to the
principles of justice and the police officer's ideas of what
is right and proper under the circumstances.
The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics
As a law enforcement officer, my fundamental duty is
to serve mankind; to safeguard lives and property; to
protect the innocent against deception; the weak against
oppression or intimidation; and the peaceful against
violence or disorder; and to respect the Constitutional
rights of all men to liberty, equality, and justice.
The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics
I will keep my private life unsullied as an example to all; maintain
courageous calm in the face of danger, scorn, or ridicule; develop self-
restraint; and be constantly mindful of the welfare of others. Honest in my
thought and deed in both personal and official life, I will be exemplary in
obeying the laws of the land and the regulations of my department.
Whatever I see or hear of a confidential nature or that is confided to me in
my official capacity will be kept ever secret unless revelation is necessary
in the performance of my duties.
The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics
I will never act officiously or permit personal feelings,
prejudices, animosities, or friendships to influence my
decisions. With no compromise for crime and with relentless
prosecution of criminals, I will enforce the law courteously
and appropriately without fear or favor, malice or ill-will,
never employing unnecessary force or violence, and never
accepting gratuities.
The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics
• I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of
public faith, and I accept it as a public trust to be held so
long as I am true to the ethics of police service. I will
constantly strive to achieve these objectives and ideals,
dedicating myself before God to my chosen profession -
law enforcement.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE CODE OF
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL
STANDARDS
CANONS OF POLICE ETHICS
1) Primordial Police Responsibility
The primary responsibility of the police is crime
prevention.
2 ) Limitation of Police Authority
• Laws set limits to the power of the police.
• Police officers are not exempted from obeying the laws
they enforce.
3) Knowledge of the Law and other Responsibilities
- Police officers are expected to know and understand the
laws they enforce.
- Police officers must fully understand their duties and
responsibilities.
- Police officers must know and fully understand the
relationship of the PNP organization with other law
enforcement agencies and other government agencies
4) Use of Proper Means to Obtain Proper Ends
- Police officers must only employ legal methods in the
conduct of their work.
5) Cooperation with Public Officials
Police officers must cooperate with other public officials
and government agencies.
6) Proper Conduct and Behavior
Police officers must always observe proper conduct and behavior
both in their personal and official life.
7) Conduct towards the Community
- Police officers must never forget that they are public servants.
8) Conduct in Arresting Law Violators
Police officers must always adhere to the prescribed rules when
effecting arrests of suspects
 9) Firmness in Refusing Gifts
- Police officers must never ask for nor accept gifts or special favors.
10) Impartial Presentation of Evidence
- Police officers must be fair in presenting evidence.
11) Attitude towards Police Profession
- Police officers must have a high regard for the police profession and
must be proud that they are police officers.
- Police officers must strive to improve their knowledge and skills in
order be the best police officers that they can be.
PROFESSIONAL POLICE PRINCIPLE
1) Prevention of Crime and Disorder
-It is the primary objective of the police to prevent crime.
2) Cooperation of the Community
-The police are dependent upon community support
3) Unreasonable Force Reduces Community Cooperation
-The use of unreasonable force on the part of the police
negatively affects the desire of the people to cooperate with the
police.
4) Use of Reasonable Force when Persuasion is not Sufficient
The police may only use force when dialogue is no longer
effective and the degree of force to be used must be reasonable.
5 ) Impartial Enforcement of Laws
The police must be fair in enforcing the laws.
6) The Community are the Police
The police and the community are dependent on each other and
must work hand in hand to prevent crimes.
7) Police should not Usurp Judicial Power
- The police have no power or authority to decide whether or innocent
of a crime because only is guilty the court has this power.
8) Rules of Engagement Impartially Observed
- The police must always adhere to the prescribed procedures in the
performance of their duty.
9) Reduction of Crime and Disorder
The effectiveness of the police is measured through the ability of the
police to prevent crime.
10) Police Discretion
The police must never abuse the police discretion granted
to them.
PNP CORE VALUES
1) Love of God
2) Respect for Authority
3) Selfless Love and Service to People
4) Sanctity of Marriage and Respect for Women
5) Responsible Dominion and Stewardship over Material
Things
6) Truthfulness
 POLICE OFFICER'S CREED
I believe in God, the Supreme Being, a Great Provider,
and the Creator of all men and everything dear to me. In
return, I cannot less than love Him above all, seek His
guidance in the performance of my sworn duties and
honor Him at all times.
 POLICE OFFICER'S CREED
I believe that respect for authority is a duty. I respect
and uphold the Constitution, the laws of the land and
the applicable rules and regulations. I recognize the
legitimacy and authority of the leadership and
follow and obey legal orders of my superior officers.
 POLICE OFFICER'S CREED
I believe in selfless love and service to people. Towards
this end, I commit myself to the service of my
fellowmen over and above my personal convenience.
I believe in the sanctity of marriage and respect for
women. I shall set the example of decency and morality
and shall have high regard for family life and chastity.
 POLICE OFFICER'S CREED
I believe in responsible dominion and stewardship
over material things. I shall inhibit myself from
ostentatious display of my property. I shall protect
the environment and conserve nature to maintain
ecological balance. I shall respect private and public
properties and prevent others from destroying them.
 POLICE OFFICER'S CREED
I believe in the wisdom of truthfulness. I must be
trustworthy and I shall speak the truth at all times as
required by the profession.
 PNP STAND OF BASIC ISSUES
1) PNP IMAGE - The PNP shall live in accordance with
the PNP Core Values and shall possess the following
virtues:
a) HONOR b) INTEGRITY
c) VALOR d) JUSTICE
e) HONESTY f) HUMILITY
g) CHARITY h) LOYALTY TO SERVICE
 PNP STAND OF BASIC ISSUES
2) CAREER MANAGEMENT

The PNP shall formulate and implement policies and

human resources development system for all PNP
personnel from recruitment to retirement
 PNP STAND OF BASIC ISSUES
3) POLICE MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP
The primary basis for consideration in the selection
of personnel for employment and deployment shall
be the individual's capabilities and competent
leadership.
 PNP STAND OF BASIC ISSUES
4) EQUALITY IN THE SERVICE
• There shall be judicious and equitable distribution
of opportunity to prove one's worth in the PNP
service.
• The PNP shall strictly adhere to the rule of merit
and fitness system.
 PNP STAND OF BASIC ISSUES
5) DELICADEZA
- All members of the PNP must have moral courage to
sacrifice self-interest
6) POLICE LIFESTYLE
- The PNP shall endeavor to promote a lifestyle that is
acceptable and respectable in the eyes of the public because
the public expects a police officer to live a simple, yet
dignified life.
 PNP STAND OF BASIC ISSUES
7) POLITICAL PATRONAGE
- All PNP members must inhibit themselves from
soliciting political patronage in matters pertaining to
assignments, promotions, trainings and awards
 PNP STAND OF BASIC ISSUES
8) HUMAN RIGHTS
-All PNP members shall respect and protect human dignity
and man's rights to life, liberty and property.
 POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
1) COMMITMENT TO DEMOCRACY
- Police officers must commit themselves to a democratic
way of life and values and maintain the principle of
public accountability.
- They shall at all times uphold the Constitution and be
loyal to the legitimate government.
 POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
2) COMMITMENT TO PUBLIC INTEREST
- Police officers must always uphold public interest over
and above personal interest.
- They shall use public resources and properties
economically and judiciously to avoid wastage of public
funds.
 POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
3) NON-PARTISANSHIP
- Police officers shall provide services to everyone without
discrimination regardless of political affiliation in
accordance with existing laws and regulations.
4) PHYSICAL FITNESS AND HEALTH
- Police officers shall strive to be physically and mentally
fit and in good health at all times.
 POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
5) SECRECY DISCIPLINE
- Police officers shall guard the confidentiality of official
information against unauthorized access and disclosure.
 POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
6) SOCIAL AWARENESS
Police officers, as well as their immediate family members
shall be encouraged to actively get involved in religious,
social and civic activities to enhance the image of the PNP
organization.
 POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
7 ) NON-SOLICITATION OF PATRONAGE
- Police officers shall seek self-improve merit through
career development without directly or indirectly
soliciting favors or recommendation from politicians,
high-ranking government officials and the like.
 POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
8) PROPER CARE AND USE OF PUBLIC PROPERTY
- Police officers shall be responsible for the security,
proper care and use of public authority issued to them for
the performance of their duties.
9) RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS
- Police officers shall respect and protect human rights in
the performance of their duty.
 POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
10) DEVOTION TO DUTY
- Police officers shall perform their duties with dedication,
thoroughness, efficiency, enthusiasm, determination and manifest
concern for public welfare.
11) CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES NATURAL
- Police officers shall help in the development and conservation
of our natural resource for ecological balance and posterity.
 POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
12) DISCIPLINE
- Police officers shall conduct themselves properly at all times in
keeping with he rules and regulations of the organization.
13) LOYALTY
- Police officers must be loyal to the Constitution and to the
police service as manifested by their loyalty to their superiors,
peers and subordinates as well.
 POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
14) OBEDIENCE TO SUPERIORS
- Police officers shall obey lawful orders and be courteous to
superior officers and other appropriate authorities.

15) COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY

- Immediate commanders shall be responsible for the effective
supervision, control and direction of their personnel..s
 ETHICAL STANDARDS
These shall refer to established and generally accepted
moral values and ethical acts.
1) MORALITY
-Police officers must adhere to high standards of morality
and decency and shall set good example for others.
 ETHICAL STANDARDS
2) JUDICIOUS USE OF AUTHORITY
- Police officers shall exercise proper and legitimate use of
authority and discretion in the performance of their duty.
3) INTEGRITY
- Police officers shall not allow themselves to be victims
of corruption and dishonest practices.
 ETHICAL STANDARDS
4) JUSTICE
- Police officers shall strive constantly to respect the rights
of others.
 ETHICAL STANDARDS
5) HUMILITY
- Police officers shall recognize the fact that they are public
servants and not the masters of the people. They should perform
their duties without arrogance.
- They should recognize their own inadequacies, inabilities and
limitations as individuals.
- They should perform their duties without attracting attention or
expecting the applause of others.
 ETHICAL STANDARDS
6) ORDERLINESS
- Police officers shall follow logical procedures in
accomplishing tasks assigned to them to minimize wasted
time and resources.
7) PERSEVERANCE
- Police officers must exert all efforts to achieve their goal
or mission even in the face of difficulties and obstacles.
 THE IMPORTANCE OF ETHICAL BEHAVIOR

For citizens, even for those with no aspirations in a career in

law enforcement, morality and integrity are important
characteristics to demonstrate. Human instinctively knows
that it is good to be moral and act with integrity, but by
coming to an understanding of the reasons for morality and
integrity, a person will be motivated to champion such
behavior. Among the reasons to be moral and integral,
regardless of occupation are to:
1. Make society better.
When you help make society better, you are rewarded
with also making better own lives and the lives of
your families and friends. Without moral conduct,
society would be a miserable place.
2. Treat everyone equally.
Equality is a cornerstone of most Western democracies, where all
individuals are afforded the same rights. This is not possible without
the majority of citizens behaving morally.

3. Secure meaningful employment.

Often employers will look at a person past behavior as a predictor of
future behavior. Someone who has a history of immoral behavior
will have difficulty securing employment in a meaningful job, as that
person may not be trusted.
4. Succeed at business.
If you are employed in an occupation in which there you
must rely on others, your moral conduct will determine the
degree of goodwill that you receive from others. Businesses
that have a checkered moral history are typically viewed
with caution and are unlikely to attract new customers
through word of mouth, and therefore are unlikely to
prosper. This is especially the case where social media
makes customer reviews readily accessible.
5. Lessen stress.
When you make immoral decisions, you tend to feel
uncomfortable and concerned about our decision making.
Making the right moral decision, or taking a principled
perspective on an issue, reduces stress.
 ETHICS IN LAW ENFORCEMENT

The police are essential to democracy. By ensuring

that no person 1s above the law, the police protect
citizens from victimization. Through the enforcement
of the law, police ensure that no individual or group
violently assert its will over public order.
 ETHICS IN LAW ENFORCEMENT

The police are essential to democracy. By ensuring

that no person 1s above the law, the police protect
citizens from victimization. Through the enforcement
of the law, police ensure that no individual or group
violently assert its will over public order.
 ETHICAL ROLE OF
LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS

The ethical role is performed by being objective and

ethical in personal behavior and in functioning as a
representative of the criminal justice justice system. The
police officers are representatives of the criminal justice
system even when not in the performance of their duties.
Therefore, they must observe the following:
• To act in a manner that reflects the belief in the
fundamental value of ethical behavior and
application of this value to their job.

• To conduct daily activities in an objective manner

striving to be uninfluenced by emotion, personal
prejudice, or insufficient evidence.
• To provide objective and constructive assistance or
information to all persons, regardless of personal
feelings.

• To assist the public to understand how they can

help in achieving objective and ethical behavior.
 As Employees in Law Enforcement Agencies Inevitably this
question arises: why is it so important to be a moral law
enforcement officer?" There are several reasons why people
employed in law enforcement are required to be moral and to
have sound moral values. Ironically, morals can at times be a
hard sell to law enforcement officers, who, when dealing with
exigent situations in which they are concerned not only for their
safety but for the safety of all citizens, consider that the manner
or means of how safety is achieved is not as important as the
result of achieving that safety.
In other words, officers who are dealing with their safety as well
as the safety of others may consider the notion of philosophizing
about the right thing to do as not being overly important.

However, law enforcement careers come with several duties and

responsibilities for which moral behavior is mandatory. The
primary ones include discretion, power and public service
Discretion.
In law enforcement is necessary to efficiently manage call loads and
to mediate minor incidents. Law enforcement personnel have
enormous discretionary power throughout every rank, regardless of
seniority, and are given great freedom to make operational decisions
from the moment they start an the job. Discretion in law enforcement
includes whom to arrest, whom to investigate, who talk to, and whom
to interview. More importantly, in these decisions officers have the
power to deprive people of their freedom. It is critical that law
enforcement officials possess moral character so that the enormous
decisions they must. make are balanced and fair.
Power.
Because law enforcement officers exercise much discretion,
they also wield great power. They have the power to arrest,
detain, search, seize, and question. The government grants
officers these powers so they can enforce laws and maintain
peace. People live in a country in which due process protects
civilians from the abuse of government agents and in which
certain freedoms are expected. Thus, law enforcement
officers are expected to use their discretion with due process
in mind.
Public service.
The state employs law enforcement officers to carry out the state's
mandate: enforcing the law and keeping the peace. The trust the state
places in law enforcement and other public officials to carry out this
duty in a responsible fashion is called public trust. Public trust
ensures that those tasked with these duties will not abuse their power.
Public trust also ensures that all public officials will be held to a
higher standard than those they serve. The ultimate test of public trust
is that law enforcement officials "walk the talk" or practice or
"practice what they preach, and that they never engage in behavior
that, if performed by others, would be considered to break the law.
 MAJOR ETHICAL SYSTEMS

When learning how to resolve ethical dilemmas, it is

important to be able to articulate a Justifiable rationale for
why you believe one decision seems right and another seems
wrong. Having a basic understanding of the major ethical
theories will help you toward an ethical resolution learning
how to articulate and justify the decision.
 MAJOR ETHICAL SYSTEMS
At times, some of the ethical theories may seem overty
philosophical for your purposes; you may even wonder why
you should study. theories that were sometimes developed
centuries ago when you are primarily dealing with present-
day issues. In other instances, some of the ethical theories,
may seem overbearing. The theories you look at here,
however, are important to help us understand why the
decisions we make, or someone else makes, are ethical or
unethical.
 MAJOR ETHICAL SYSTEMS

For example, a decision may be made that appears on the

surface to be unethical, but when you are aware of the
philosophical system used in the decision making, you can
then understand the root of the decision and, at the very
least, see its intended morality. This allows you to view
ethical issues from different perspectives and assists you in
making informed decisions.
THANK YOU
AND
GOD BLESS
To be Continued….

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