PRACTICE-PAPER-3

Class-X MAX MARKS:80

Subject-Science (086) Max. Time- 3 Hrs.

General Instructions:
i. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections.
ii. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some
questions. A student is expected to attempt only one of these questions.
iii. Section A consists of 20 objective type questions carrying 1 mark each.
iv. Section B consists of 6 Very Short questions carrying 02 marks each. Answers to
these questions should be in the range of 30 to 50 words.
v. Section C consists of 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 03 marks each.
Answers to these questions should be in the range of 50 to 80 words.
vi. Section D consists of 03 Long Answer type questions carrying 05 marks each.
Answer to these questions should be in the range of 80 to 120 words.
vii. Section E consists of 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 04 marks each
With sub-parts.
Section-A
Question1to16 are multiple choice questions. Only one of the choice is correct. Select and write
the correct choice as well as the answer to these questions.
Q. Nos. Questions Marks
1 In a redox reaction, oxidation refers to: 1

a) Gain of electrons b) Loss of oxygen c) Loss of electrons d) Addition of

hydrogen
2 Which of the following substances is a base? 1
a) Sodium chloride (NaCl)
b) Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
c) Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
d) Water (H₂O)
3 Which of the following salts does not have water of crystallization? 1
a) Blue vitriol b) Baking soda c) Washing soda d) Gypsum
4 The difference of water molecules is gypsum and Plaster of Paris is 1
a) 5/2 b) 2 c) 1/2 d) 3/2
5 An iron nail was suspended in CuSO4 solution and kept for a while the 1
solution is
a) Remained blue and coating was found on the nail.
b)Turned green and a coating was formed on the nail
c) Remained blue and no coating was formed on the nail
d)Turned green and no coating was formed on the nail
6 The IUPAC name of the compound CH₃-CH₂-OH is 1

a) Methanol b) Ethanol c) Propanol d) Butanol

7 How do these fungi obtain nutrition? 1

a) By eating the bread on which it is growing

b) By using nutrients from the bread to prepare their own food

c) By allowing other organisms to grow on the bread and then consuming

them

d) By breaking down the nutrients of bread and then absorbing them

8 The endocrine system communicates through: 1

a) Nerve impulses b) Electrical signals c) Hormones d) Reflex actions
9 What type of reflex action occurs without conscious control? 1
a) Voluntary b) Involuntary c) Conditioned d) Learned
10 Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels? 1
a) Insulin b) Glucagon c) Adrenaline d) Thyroxine
11 What is the role of the ovary in a flower? 1
a) To produce pollen b) To attract pollinators
c) To protect ovules and develop into fruit d) To support the flower
12 The physical appearance of an organism is referred to as its: 1
a) Phenotype b) Genotype c) Chromosome d) DNA
13 Which of the following describes a concave mirror? 1

a) It converges light rays. b) It diverges light rays

c) It produces real images only. d) It produces virtual images only.
14 Which of the following helps to focus light on the retina? 1

a)Iris b)Pupil c) Ciliary muscles d) Cornea

15 Two resistors of 6 Ω and 3 Ω are connected in parallel. What is the 1
equivalent resistance?

a) 9 Ω b) 4 Ω c) 1.5 Ω d) 2 Ω
16 Shreya places some iron filings around a magnet. The iron fillings arrange 1
themselves as shown in the image below:

Shreya labelled four different regions

around the magnet. Where would the magnetic field be the strongest?

a) P b) Q c) R d) S

QuestionNo.17 to 20 consists of two statements–Assertion (A) and Reason(R). Answer these

questions by selecting the appropriate option given below:
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true
17 Assertion (A): The direction of the magnetic field lines around a straight 1
conductor can be determined using the Right-Hand Thumb Rule.
Reason (R): The Right-Hand Thumb Rule states that the thumb points in the
direction of the magnetic field.
18 Assertion (A): A current carrying wire deflects a magnetic needle placed 1
near it.
Reason (R): A magnetic field exists around a current carrying wire.
19 Assertion (A): The concentration of harmful chemicals is least in human 1
beings.
Reason (R): Man is at the apex of the food chain.
20 Assertion (A): Deforestation contributes to an increase in carbon dioxide 1
levels in the atmosphere.
Reason (R): Trees absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.
Section-B
QuestionNo.21 to 26 are very short answer questions
21 State the difference between exothermic and endothermic reactions with an 2
example for each.

OR

What is a precipitation reaction? Give an example.

22 What are amphoteric oxides? Give examples? 2
23 What is is cellular respiration? During cellular respiration, the complete 2
oxidation of one molecule of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) releases approximately 38
ATP molecules. If a cell metabolizes 5 molecules of glucose, how many
 ATP molecules are produced?

OR

In a certain experiment, a scientist measured the rate of transpiration in a

plant and found that it was 3 ml. per hour. If the rate remains constant, how
much water will be lost through transpiration over a week? Write the source
of raw materials required by the plants for photosynthesis?
24 If a pure tall pea plant (TT) is crossed with a pure short pea plant (tt), what 2
will be the phenotypic and genotypic ratio of the F1 generation?
25 Stars appear to twinkle, what is the scientific reason? Why don’t planets 2
twinkle like stars?
26 If the length of a wire is doubled, how does its resistance change, assuming 2
the material and cross-sectional area remain the same?
Section-C
QuestionNo.27 to 33 are short answer questions
27 You have two solutions ‘A’ and ‘B’. The pH of solution ‘A’ is 6 and pH of 3
solution ‘B’ is 8. Which solution has more hydrogen ions concentration?
Which is acidic and which one is basic?
28 Explain why calcium metal after reacting with water starts floating on its 3
surface. Write the chemical equation for the reaction. Name one more metal
that starts floating
after some time when immersed in water.
29 Draw structure of a neuron and write the function of its main parts. 3

OR

What are the major parts of the brain and write their respective functions.
30 Distinguish between genotype and phenotype. Write an example of each. 3
31 Two students of the class see nearby objects as blurred. What is the reason 3
behind it and how it can be corrected? Explain with diagram
32 A student is unable to determine the direction of magnetic field produced 3
around a straight conductor carrying current. How can you help him and
state the law behind it
OR
One rule is depicted in the figure given below. Identify this rule, for what

this rule is responsible and state this rule.

33 a) In a food chain, if 25,000 joules of energy is available to the 1x3
producer, how much energy will be available to the secondary
consumer to transfer it to the tertiary consumer?
b) Natural water bodies are not regularly cleaned whereas an aquarium
 needs regularly cleaning. Why?
c) Why the number of trophic levels in a food chain is limited
Section-D
Question No.34 to 36 are long answers questions.
34 a) What are covalent bonds? Explain with an example. 1+1+2
b) Why are covalent compounds generally poor conductors of electricity? +1=5
c) Explain the difference between a single, double, and triple covalent bond
with examples.
d) Write the electron dot structure of methane (CH₄).

OR
a)Define homologous series? Explain with an example.
b) Explain the versatile nature of carbon with reference to catenation and
tetravalency.
c) Write the chemical equations for the combustion of ethane.
d) Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
35 a) Name the male and female reproductive parts of a flower. 1+2
+1+1=
b) Describe the process of pollination. 5
c) What do you mean by fertilization in plants?
d) How does the formation of seeds take place after fertilization?

OR

Answer the following questions which is based on the diagram given below:

a)Name the C and D parts as shown in above figure

b) Name the hormone secreted by testis and mention its role.
c) State the functions of part B

d) What is the role of part C in process of reproduction

36 Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a convex mirror when 2+3=5
an object is placed (a) at infinity (b) at finite distance from the mirror.
Calculate the distance at which a convex lens of focal length 20 cm must be
placed from an object to form a real image at a distance of 30 cm from the
lens.
OR
 List two characteristics of the images formed by plane mirrors.
An object is placed at a distance of 10 cm from a convex mirror of focal
length 15 cm. Find the position and nature of the image.

Section –E
Question No.37 to 39 are case-based/data –based questions.
37 Pratiksha heats a sample of calcium carbonate in a test tube. After heating, a gas 4
is evolved that turns lime water milky. The residue left in the test tube is calcium
oxide.

Attempt either sub part B or C.

A. Name the gas released during the heating of calcium carbonate. (1)
B. Write the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of calcium
carbonate. (2)
OR

C. What do you mean by decomposition reaction?

D. Why does the gas turn lime water milky? (1)

38 Avnish conducts an experiment where two identical potted plants are placed in 4
sunlight. One plant is covered with a black cloth for 48 hours, while the other
remains uncovered.
Attempt either sub part A or B.

A. What is the purpose of covering one plant with black cloth? (2)
OR
B. What do you predict will happen to the covered plant after 48 hours?
C. What is the role of chlorophyll in the process of photosynthesis. (1)
D. How does this experiment demonstrate the necessity of light for
Photosynthesis? (1)
39 A student connects two resistors, 4 Ω and 6 Ω, in series with a 24 V battery and 4
wants to analyze the circuit.

A. What is the equivalent resistance of the circuit? (1)

B. What is the current flowing through the circuit? (1)

Attempt either sub part C or D.

C. What is the potential difference across the 4 Ω resistor? (2)

OR

D. If the resistors were connected in parallel, what would be the total current?
 Marking Scheme Class-X Science (Subject Code – 086)
Q. Answers Mark
No s
Section–A
1 c) Loss of electrons 1
2 b) Potassium hydroxide (KOH) 1
3 b) Baking soda 1
4 d) 3/2 1
5 b) Turned green and a coating was formed on the nail 1
6 b) Ethanol 1
7 d) By breaking down the nutrients of bread and then absorbing them 1
8 c) Hormones 1
9 b) Involuntary 1
10 a) Insulin 1
11 c) To protect ovules and develop into fruit 1
12 a) Phenotype 1
13 a) It converges light rays. 1
14 d) Cornea 1
15 d) 2 Ω 1
16 c) R 1
17 C. A is true but R is false. 1
18 A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. 1
19 D. A is false but R is true 1
20 A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. 1
Section-B
QuestionNo.21 to 26 are very short answer questions
21 Exothermic Reaction: A reaction that releases heat. Example: Combustion of 2
methane :CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O + heat
Endothermic Reaction: A reaction that absorbs heat. Example: Decomposition
of calcium carbonate: CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂
OR
A precipitation reaction is a chemical reaction in which two solutions react to
form an insoluble solid (precipitate).
Example:
AgNO₃ (aq) + NaCl (aq) → AgCl (s) + NaNO₃ (aq).
Here, AgCl is the precipitate.
22 Amphoteric oxides are oxides that behave as both acidic and basic oxides. They 2
can neutralize both acids and bases. They undergo neutralization reaction to
form water and salt when reacting with acid and form complex salts and water
when reacting with base. Examples – Aluminium oxide (Al2 O3 ) and Zinc
Oxide (ZnO)
23 The process of breaking down food materials within the cell to produce energy 2
and then trapping that energy for ATP production.
Total ATP produced = ATP per glucose × Number of glucose molecules
 = 38 ATP/glucose × 5 glucose = 190 ATP.

OR

Water lost in a week = Rate × Hours per day × Days in a week

= 3 mL/hour × 24 hours/day × 7 days
= 3 × 24 × 7 = 504 mL. Plants require carbon dioxide from the atmosphere,
water from groundwater and solar energy from the sun.
24 Phenotypic Ratio: 100% Tall plants. 2

Genotypic Ratio: 100% Heterozygous (Tt). In the F1 generation, all the plants
will be tall because the tall allele (T) is dominant over the short allele (t).
25 Stars twinkle because their light passes through multiple layers of the 2
atmosphere with varying refractive indices, causing the light to bend in different
directions, making the star’s brightness appear to fluctuate. Planets do not
twinkle because they are closer to Earth and appear as extended sources of light.
The light from different parts of the planet’s image averages out the atmospheric
variations, so they do not twinkle.
26 The resistance R of a wire is directly proportional to its length l (i.e., R∝ l ) If 2
the length of the wire is doubled, the resistance will also double. Therefore, if
the original resistance was R, it will become 2R when the length is doubled.
Section-C
QuestionNo.27 to 33 are short answer questions
27 On a pH scale, any solution having pH value less than 7 is considered acidic and 3
that with a pH value of more than 7 is basic. Hence, according to the given pH
values, solution ‘A’ is acidic in nature, while solution ‘B’ is basic. Also, since
‘A’ is acidic, it has a greater concentration of hydrogen ions.
28 Calcium starts floating because the bubbles of hydrogen gas formed stick to the 3
surface of metal. Ca(s) + 2H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
Magnesium reacts with hot water and starts floating due to the bubbles of
hydrogen gas sticking to its surface.
29 3

A neuron consists of three main parts: the cell body, dendrites, and axon.

Cell Body: Contains the nucleus and organelles, and is responsible for the
metabolic activities of the neuron. It integrates incoming signals. Dendrites:
These are branched extensions that receive signals from other neurons and
convey them to the cell body. Axon: A long, thin fiber that transmits nerve
 impulses away from the cell body to other neurons or muscles. The axon is often
covered by a myelin sheath, which speeds up the conduction of nerve impulses.

OR

Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher functions such as
thought, learning, memory, and voluntary muscle movements. It is divided into
two hemispheres and further into lobes that control different sensory and motor
functions. Cerebellum: Located at the back of the brain, it coordinates muscle
movements, maintains posture, and balance. It is essential for fine motor skills.
Brain stem: Comprising the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata, it controls
basic life functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. The
brainstem also serves as a communication pathway between the brain and the
spinal cord.
30 Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it 3
possesses (e.g., TT, Tt, or tt).Phenotype: The observable characteristics or traits
of an organism resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the
environment (e.g., tall or short plants). For instance, a plant with the genotype Tt
will have the phenotype of being tall.
31 In hypermetropia, the eye cannot converge the light rays coming from nearby 3
objects, and the image is formed behind the retina, making nearby objects
appear blurry.
Hypermetropia can be corrected by using a convex lens.

32 With the help of demonstration I can help him. This 3

rule is used to find the direction of the magnetic field
produced by the current-carrying conductor around it.
Statement: If a current-carrying conductor is imagined
to be held in the right hand such that the thumb points
in the direction of the current, then the curled fingers
of the hand indicate the direction of magnetic field.
OR
Fleming’s left hand rule, Statement: Stretch the left hand such that the thumb,
first finger and the central finger are mutually perpendicular to each other
33 a) 10% 10% 1+1+
Producer Primary consumer Secondary consumer 1=3
25,000 J 2500 J 250 J
b) Aquariums are artificially built ecosystems which generally do not contain
every aspect of natural things like decomposers are not present in it.
c) According to 10% law of energy transfer only 10% of energy passes from one trophic
level to the next. Thus the amount of energy decreases with successive trophic
 levels.
Section-D
Question No.34 to 36 are long answers questions.

34 a) Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of 5
electrons to attain a stable electron configuration (usually that of a noble gas).
These bonds typically occur between non-metals. Example: In a water molecule
(H₂O), each hydrogen atom shares one electron with oxygen, forming covalent
bonds.

b) Covalent compounds do not have free ions or electrons to carry an electric

charge, which is why they are generally poor conductors of electricity. The
electrons in covalent compounds are localized between atoms, not free to move
as in ionic compounds.

c) Single bond: In a single bond, one pair of electrons is shared between two
atoms. Example: H-H (Hydrogen molecule).

Double bond: In a double bond, two pairs of electrons are shared between two
atoms. Example: O=O (Oxygen molecule).

Triple bond: In a triple bond, three pairs of electrons are shared between two
atoms. Example: N≡N (Nitrogen molecule).

d)

OR

a) A homologous series is a group of organic compounds that have the same

functional group, similar chemical properties, and successive members differ by
a CH₂ group. All members follow a general formula, e.g., for alkanes, the
general formula is CₙH₂ₙ₊₂.
Eg: The alkane series includes methane (CH₄), ethane (C₂H₆), propane (C₃H₈),
etc.

b) Carbon has the unique ability to form long chains and rings of atoms by
bonding with other carbon atoms. This property is known as catenation. Carbon-
carbon bonds are strong and stable, allowing for the formation of a variety of
compounds.

Carbon has four valence electrons, meaning it can form four covalent bonds
with other atoms. This property allows carbon to bond with hydrogen, oxygen,
 nitrogen, sulfur, and other elements to form numerous compounds.

c) The combustion of ethane (C₂H₆) in the presence of oxygen produces carbon

dioxide and water. 2 C 2 H 6 + 7 O 2 → 4 C O 2 + 6 H 2 O

d) Saturated hydrocarbons: These are hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms are

bonded to other atoms by single bonds only. They are less reactive. Example:
Alkanes (methane, ethane).Unsaturated hydrocarbons: These are hydrocarbons
that contain one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms. They are
more reactive. Example: Alkenes (ethylene), Alkynes (acetylene).
35 a)The male reproductive part is called the stamen, and the female reproductive 1+2+
part is called the pistil. 1+1=
b) Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther (male part) to the 5
stigma (female part). Pollination can occur through wind, insects, water, or
animals.
c) Fertilization in plants occurs when the male gamete (pollen) fuses with the
female gamete (ovule) inside the ovary to form a zygote.
d) After fertilization, the ovary develops into a fruit, and the ovule becomes the
seed containing the embryo.

OR

a)C – Urethra D – Vas deferens

b) Testes produce male sex hormone testosterone. Hormone Testosterone brings

about the development of secondary sexual characters during puberty in boys
like growth of facial hair, deepening of voice, build up of muscle mass and also
regulates formation of sperms.

c) Seminal vesicles B release its contents into the ejaculatory duct during
ejaculation.

d) Urethra C carries sperms from the vas deferens through the penis.

36 2+3=
5
 Focal length (f) = +20 cm

Image distance (v) = +30 cm

1/f=1/v−1/u or 1/u=1/v-1/f or 1/u=1/30-1/20

1/u=2−3/60=−1/60
u=−60 cm
The object should be placed 60 cm in front of the lens.
OR
Characteristics of the image formed by a plane mirror are
(i) image distance is same as that of object distance
(ii) image formed is virtual and erect
(iii) image formed is of the same size as that of the object
(iv) image formed is laterally inverted
Focal length of convex mirror (f) = +15 cm, Object distance (u) = – 10 cm

The image is located at a distance of 6 cm from the mirror on the other side of
the mirror. Magnification, indicates that the image formed is virtual, erect, and
diminished.

Section –E
Question No.37 to 39 are case-based/data –based questions.
37 A. The gas released is carbon dioxide (CO₂). (1) 4
B. The balanced chemical equation is:
Δ
CaCO3→ CaO+CO2 (2)
OR
C. A decomposition reaction is a reaction in which a compound breaks
down into two or more simpler substances. The general form of a
decomposition reaction is: AB→A+B.
D. Carbon dioxide reacts with lime water (Ca(OH)₂) to form calcium
carbonate (CaCO₃), which makes the lime water turn milky. (1)
38 A. To prevent it from receiving sunlight, thus inhibiting photosynthesis in 4
that plant. (2)
OR
B. No starch production, indicating that it could not perform
photosynthesis, while the uncovered plant will show starch production.
 C. Absorbs light energy, which is necessary for converting carbon dioxide
and water into glucose during photosynthesis. (1)
D. By showing that the plant that received no light (the covered plant) could
not produce starch, while the plant exposed to light was able to perform
photosynthesis effectively. (1)
39 A. Rs=4+6=10 Ω (1) 4

B. I=V/R=24/10=2.4 A (1)
C. V=I×R=2.4×4=9.6 V (2)

OR

D. 1/Rp=1/4+1/6=5/12, Rp=2.4 Ω

Total current =24/2.4=10A