Stas111 - Finals
Stas111 - Finals
➢ Printing Press
- In 1436 Johannes
Chapter 13: The Social Media Revolution
Gutenberg, a German
(Information Age)
goldsmith, began designing a
machine capable of
● Computer Age, Digital Age, New producing pages of text at an
Media Age. incredible speed—a product
that he hoped would offset
● a historic period in the 21st century losses from a failed attempt
characterized by the rapid shift from to sell metal mirrors.
traditional industry that the Industrial
Revolution brought through - By 1440 Gutenberg had
industrialization, to an economy established the basics of his
based on information technology. printing press including the
use of a mobile, reusable set
The Evolution of Traditional to New Media of type, and within ten years
he had constructed a working
● Pre-Industrial Age prototype of the press.
- About 2.5 million years
before writing was - In 1454 Gutenberg put his
developed, technology began press to commercial use,
with the earliest hominids producing thousands of
who used stone tools, which indulgences for the Church.
they may have used to start
fires, hunt, and bury their ➔ Which in turn created
dead. ❖ The Renaissance
- Examples: ❖ Science
❖ Cave Paintings ❖ Mass culture
(35000 BC) ❖ The Enlightenment
❖ Clay Tablets (2400 ❖ Mass democracy
BC) ❖ The media
➔ What did this mean for society? ➔ But more than this, Gutenberg
➢ Religion cemented a marriage between
➢ Feudal Monarchies content and distribution.
➢ Control via stories
➢ Control via hierarchy ➔ And distribution was the dominant
partner in this relationship.
➔ Then came Johannes Gutenberg
- He gave content a means of ➔ Think about it. Content surrendered
distribution. its name and became known only by
its means of distribution (newspaper
article, radio programme, TV show
etc). ❖ 1st Programmable digital
computer
❖ 1st electronic digital
computer
Industrial Age (1700-1930) ❖ Electromechanical computer
❖ Transistor
❖ Transistor radios
● Period of history that encompasses ❖ Televisions (1941)
the changes in economic and social ❖ The First IC (1958)
organization that began around 1760 ❖ UNIVAC commercial
in Great Britain and later in other computer
countries, characterized chiefly by ❖ 1st computer game-
the replacement of hand tools with spacewar
power-driven machines such as the ❖ Microprocessor
power loom and the steam engine, ❖ Floppy Disk
and by the concentration of industry ❖ 1st video game
in large establishments. ❖ 1st microcomputer
❖ Apple 1 computer
❖ Typewriter (1800) ❖ AppleMacintosh
❖ Telephone (1876) ❖ Laser printer
❖ Telegraph (1800)
❖ Punch Cards
❖ Mechanical Calculator
❖ The Babbage Engine (2002)
Information Age (1900-2000)
● Genetic Diversity
- Genetic differences within a
single population and among
geographically separate
populations.
● Species Diversity
- All different species or kinds
of organisms on our planet.
● Ecosystem Diversity
- The variety of interactions
within and among Earth’s
Chapter 14: Biodiversity and GMO
different ecosystems.
● Biodiversity
- “Biological diversity”
Species by the Numbers
- “The measure of the number of
● According to Census of Marine Life:
species on the planet or in a
➔ 8.7 million total number of
specified area (Clarke, 2013).
estimated species on Earth
- “The variation of life forms makes
➔ 6.5 million species on land
the world a beautiful and exciting
place to live (Cunningham &
➔ 2.2 million species in oceans.
Cunningham, 2013).
● Approximately 1.2 million – 1.6
million species have been identified:
❖ 950,000 species of insects
❖ 270,000 species of plants
❖ 19,000 species of fish
❖ 9,000 species of birds
❖ 4,000 species of mammals
1. Elephas sp.
● Food sources 2. Elephas maximus
❖ Crop and vegetables 3. Stegodon luzonensis
❖ Poultry, meat, & fish products 4. Panthera tigris sp.
5. Rhinoceros philippinensis
● Raw materials 6. Sus cebifrons cebifrons
● Medicines 7. Bubalus cebuensis
❖ Herbal plants 8. Megalochelys sondaari
❖ Philippine setting 9. Bubalus sondaari
➔ DOH approved 10. Cuon alpinus
medicinal plants
➔ Proclamation No.
689, s. 2004
(November as the
Traditional and
Alternative Health
Month)
Threats to Biodiversity
● Threatened
➔ species most at risk of
becoming extinct in the near
future when not protected
What's a GMO?
● GMO
➔ Or genetically modified
organism, is a plant, animal,
microorganism or other
organism whose genetic
makeup has been modified in
a laboratory using genetic
engineering or transgenic
technology.
Chapter 15: Introduction to
Nanotechnology
Definition
➔ “The branch of technology that deals
with dimensions of less than 100
nanometres, especially the
manipulation of individual atoms and
molecules.”
● Bottom-up:
➔ Building materials atom by
atom-like lego ● Two Dimensional :
➔ These include different kinds
➔ Nanoparticles such as C60, of Nano films such as
carbon nanotubes, quantum coatings and thin-film-
dots multilayers, Nano sheets or
Nano-walls. The area of the
Nano films can be large
Classification Of Nanomaterial (several square micrometer),
but the thickness is always in
● Zero Dimensional : Nano scale range
➔ These nanoparticles are
spherical in size and the
diameter of these particles
will be in the 1-50 nm range.
● Three Dimensional :
➔ These include bulk materials
composed of the individual
blocks which are in the
nanometre scale (1- 100
nm).
● Electrical Properties :
➔ metallic nanotubes can carry
an electric current density of
4 × 109 A/cm2, which is
more than 1,000 times
greater than those of metals
such as copper, where for
copper interconnects current
densities are limited by
electro migration. It acts as
Superconductivity up to 12 K.
Carbon Based Nanotubes
● Thermal Properties :
➔ SWNT has thermal
Types Of Carbon Nanotubes:
conductivity 3500 W/ m.K
while Copper has 385 W/m.
● Single Walled Nanotube (SWNT)
● Multi Walled Nanotube (MWNT)
➔ Thermal stability in vacuum
up to 3100 K and 1000 K in
air.
● 2 Co inevitable
● 4 Co possible
● Absorb CO2
● Excessive heat
● Drought
● Ice and snow melt
● Rising sea levels
● Extreme weather
Options to Deal with Climate Change
Harmful Effects of Global Warming (2)
Two approaches:
● Threat to biodiversity
● Food production may decline 1. Drastically reduce greenhouse gas
● Change location of agricultural crops emissions
● Threats to human health
2. Develop strategies to reduce its
harmful effects
● Reduce poverty
● Sequester CO2
– Plant trees
– Agriculture
– Underground
– Deep ocean Government Roles in Reducing the Threat
of Climate Change (1)
● Repair leaking natural gas lines
● Regulate carbon dioxide and
● Reduce methane emissions from methane as pollutants
animals
● Carbon taxes
● Causes
– chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
● Fumigants