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7 views

PowerPoint Presentation2

Uploaded by

K.M. Abir Mahmud Moin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Units of Energy Units of Energy (contd.

)
• Mechanical Energy: • Heat:
• The unit of mechanical energy is newton-meter or joule on the M.K.S. or SI system • The unit of heat is calorie, British thermal unit (B.Th.U.) and centigrade heat units (C.H.U.) on the
• The work done on a body is one newton-meter (or joule) if a force of one newton moves it various systems
through a distance of one meter
Mechanical energy in joules = Force in newton × distance in meter Calorie: It is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gm of water through 1ºC
1 calorie = 1 gm of water × 1ºC
• Electrical Energy:
• The unit of electrical energy is watt-sec or joule B.Th.U. It is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water through 1ºF
• One watt-second (or joule) energy is transferred between two points if a p.d. of 1 volt exists 1 B.Th.U. = 1 lb × 1ºF
between them and 1 ampere current passes between them for 1 second
Electrical energy in watt-sec (or joules) = voltage in volts × current in amperes × time in seconds C.H.U. It is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water through 1ºC
• Joule or watt-sec is a very small unit of electrical energy for practical purposes. In practice, for 1 C.H.U. = 1 lb × 1ºC
the measurement of electrical energy, bigger units viz., watt-hour and kilowatt hour are used.
1 watt-hour = 1 watt × 1 hr = 1 watt × 3600 sec = 3600 watt-sec The SI or MKS unit of thermal energy being used these days is the joule—exactly as for mechanical and electrical energies.
1 kilowatt hour (kWh) = 1 kW × 1 hr = 1000 watt × 3600 sec = 36 x 105 watt-sec The thermal units viz. calorie, B.Th.U. and C.H.U. are obsolete

Mehta, V. K., and Rohit Mehta. "Principles of power systems, S." CHAND, New Delhi, India (2011) 2 Mehta, V. K., and Rohit Mehta. "Principles of power systems, S." CHAND, New Delhi, India (2011) 3

Relationship among Energy Units Efficiency


• The output energy divided by the input energy is called energy efficiency or simply efficiency of the
• Mechanical and Electrical Energy: system.
1 kWh = 36 × 10^5 Joules

• Heat and Mechanical Energy:


1 calorie = 4·18 Joules
1 B.Th.U. = 1053 Joules
1C.H.U. = 1896 Joules
• Heat and Electrical Energy:
1 kWh = 860 × 10^3 calories
1 kWh = 3418 B.Th.U.
1 kWh = 1898 C.H.U.

Mehta, V. K., and Rohit Mehta. "Principles of power systems, S." CHAND, New Delhi, India (2011) 4 Mehta, V. K., and Rohit Mehta. "Principles of power systems, S." CHAND, New Delhi, India (2011) 5
Calorific Value of Fuels
The amount of heat produced by the complete combustion of a unit weight of fuel is
known as its calorific value

The greater the calorific value of fuel, the larger is its ability to produce heat

In case of solid and liquid fuels, the calorific value is expressed in cal/gm or kcal/kg
In case of gaseous fuels, it is generally stated in cal/litre or kcal/litre

Mehta, V. K., and Rohit Mehta. "Principles of power systems, S." CHAND, New Delhi, India (2011) 6 Mehta, V. K., and Rohit Mehta. "Principles of power systems, S." CHAND, New Delhi, India (2011) 7

Mehta, V. K., and Rohit Mehta. "Principles of power systems, S." CHAND, New Delhi, India (2011) 8

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