KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA - VIZIANAGARAM

Relations and Functions

1. Show that the relation 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 2 )}is neither reflexive, nor symmetric nor
transitive.
2. Show that the relation 𝑆 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 3 )}is neither reflexive, nor symmetric nor
transitive.
3. Show that the relation is R in the set 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12} given by
𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏) ∶ |𝑎 − 𝑏| 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 4}an equivalence relation. Find set of elements related to 1.
𝑛+1
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑
4. Let 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑛 2 ∀ 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁. Find whether the function f is bijective.
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
2
𝑛 + 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
5. Show that 𝑓: 𝑊 → 𝑊 given by 𝑓(𝑛) = { is a bijection.
𝑛 − 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑
2 2𝑥−4
6. Let 𝐴 = 𝑅 − {3} 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = 𝑅 − {3}. If 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵, defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥−9 then prove that f is
bijective function.
𝑥−2
7. Let 𝐴 = 𝑅 − {3} 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = 𝑅 − {1}.Consider the function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵, defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−3. Show
that f is bijective.
4𝑥+3 2
8. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥−4 then show that 𝑓𝑜𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥, ∀𝑥 ≠ 3. And also find 𝑓 −1 (𝑥).
9. Let N be the set of all natural numbers and R be the relation on NXN, be defined by (a, b)R(c, d) if ad
= bc. Show that R is an Equivalence relation.
10. Let N denote the set of all natural numbers and R be the relation on 𝑁 × 𝑁 defined by (𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑐, 𝑑)if
𝑎𝑑(𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑏𝑐(𝑎 + 𝑑). Show that R is an equivalence relation.
11. Let 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, … … ,9} and R be the relation in 𝐴 × 𝐴 defined by (𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑐, 𝑑) if 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 𝑏 + 𝑐
for (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑐, 𝑑)in 𝐴 × 𝐴. Prove that R is an equivalence relation. Also obtain the equivalent class
[(2, 5)].

Inverse Trigonometric Function

cos 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥 𝜋 𝜋
1. Prove that :tan−1 (1+sin 𝑥) = 4 − 2 , 𝑥 ∈ (− 2 , 2 ).
1 1 31
2. Prove that :2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (2) + tan−1 (7) = tan−1 (17).
3 17 𝜋
3. Prove that :2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (4) − tan−1 (31) = 4 .
3𝑎2 𝑥−𝑥 3 √1+𝑥 2 −1
4. Simplify (i) tan−1 (𝑎3 −3𝑎𝑥 2 ) (ii) tan−1 ( ).
𝑥
𝑥−1 𝑥+1 𝜋 𝑥−5 𝑥+5 𝜋
5. If (i) 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥−2) + tan−1 (𝑥+2) = 4 , (ii) 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥−6) + tan−1 (𝑥+6) = 4 , then find the value of 𝑥.
8 3 36
6. Prove that :sin−1 (17) + sin−1 (5) = cos −1 (85).
12 3 56
7. Prove that :𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (13) + sin−1 (5) = sin−1 (65).
1 1 1 𝜋
8. Prove that :𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (2) + tan−1 (5) + tan−1 (8) = 4 .
1 1 1 1 𝜋
9. Prove that : 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (3) + tan−1 (5) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (7) + tan−1 (8) = 4 .
10. Prove that: 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 7 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 8 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 18 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 3.
 √1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+√1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑥 𝜋
11. Prove that cot −1 [ ] = 2 , 𝑥 ∈ (0, 4 ).
√1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥−√1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
√1+𝑥−√1−𝑥 𝜋 1 1
12. Prove that tan−1 [ ]= − cos−1 𝑥 , − ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1.
√1+𝑥+√1−𝑥 4 2 √2
√1+𝑥 2 +√1−𝑥 2 𝜋 1
13. Prove that tan−1 [√1+𝑥 2 ] = 4 + 2 cos −1 𝑥 2 , −1 < 𝑥 < 1.
−√1−𝑥 2

Matrices
2 3 1 −3 −4 6
1. If [ ][ ]=[ ], find the value of x.
5 7 −2 4 −9 𝑥
𝑎 + 4 3𝑏 2
2. Find a and b if A = B, where 𝐴 = [ ], 𝐵 = [2𝑎 + 2 𝑏2 + 2 ].
8 −6 8 𝑏 − 5𝑏
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 sin 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 −𝑐𝑜 s 𝜃
3. Simplify :cos 𝜃 [ ] + sin 𝜃 [ ].
−sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
3 4
𝑇 −1 2 1
4. If 𝐴 = [−1 2] and 𝐵 = [ ], then find AB, BA and 𝐴𝑇 − 𝐵 𝑇 .
1 2 3
0 1
5 2 3 6
5. Find X and Y, If 𝑋 + 𝑌 = [ ] and 𝑋 − 𝑌 = [ ].
0 9 0 −1
6. If 𝐴 = [1 −1], 𝐵 = [𝑎 1 ] and (𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵2 then find a and b.
2 −1 𝑏 −1
7. A trust fund has Rs. 30,000 that must be invested in two different types of bonds. The first bond pays
5% interest per year, and the second bond pays 7% interest per year. Using the matrix multiplication,
determine how to divide Rs. 30,000 among the two types of bonds. If the trust fund must obtained an
annual total interest of: (a) Rs. 1800 (b) Rs. 2000.
8. Express the following matrix as the sum of a symmetric and skew symmetric matrix
3 −2 −4
:[ 3 −2 −5].
−1 1 2
0 𝑎 3
9. If the matrix [2 𝑏 −1], is a skew symmetric matrix, find the values of a, b and c.
𝑐 1 0
3 −5
10. If 𝐴 = [ ] , 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡𝐴2 − 5𝐴 − 14𝐼 = 0 hence find 𝐴−1 .
−4 2
11. If 𝐴 = [2 −3], show that 𝐴2 − 6𝐴 + 17𝐼 = 0 hence find 𝐴−1 .
3 4
1 2 3 −7 −8 −9
12. If 𝑋 [ ]=[ ], then find the matrix X.
4 5 6 2 4 6

Determinants
1. If 𝐴 is a Square matrix of order 3 and |3𝐴| = 𝐾|𝐴| then write the value of 𝐾.
2. If 𝐴 is an invertible matrix of order 3 and |𝐴| = 5, then the find the value|𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴| and |𝐴. 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴|.
3. A Square matrix 𝐴 of order 3 and |𝐴| = 5, then the find the value|𝐴. 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴|.
4. If 𝐴 is a Square matrix of order 3 and such that |𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴| = 64. Find |𝐴′ |.
2 5
5. If 𝐴 = [ ] then find 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 and 𝐴−1 .
1 3
6. The sum of three numbers is 6. If we multiply the third number 2 and add the first number to the result, we get
7. By adding second and third numbers to three times the first number we get 12. Use determinants find the
numbers.
 2 3 10
7. Using matrix method, solve the following system of equations : +𝑦+ = 4,
𝑥 𝑧
4 6 5 6 9 20
− 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1, 𝑥 + 𝑦 − = 2.
𝑥 𝑧
2 −3 5
8. If 𝐴 = [3 2 −4], find 𝐴−1 and hence solve the following system of equations:
1 1 −2
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 11, 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4𝑧 = −5, 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = −3.
1 −1 2 −2 0 1
9. Use product [0 2 −3] [ 9 2 −3] to solve the system of equations 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1,
3 −2 4 6 1 −2
2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 1, 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 2.
−4 4 4 1 −1 1
10. Find [−7 1 3 ] [1 −2 −2] use this to solve the following system of equations
5 −3 −1 2 1 3
𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 9, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 1.
1 −2 0 7 2 −6
11. If 𝐴 = [2 1 3] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [−2 1 −3], Find AB, Hence solve the system of equation:
0 −2 1 −4 2 5
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 10, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 8 and −2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 7.
2 2 −4 1 −1 0
12. Given A = [−4 2 −4], B = [2 3 4], find BA and use this to solve the system of equations
2 −1 5 0 1 2
𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7, 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3, 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 17.

Continuity and Differentiability

1. Find the value of ‘𝑎’ and ‘𝑏’ if the function 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous function
5, 𝑥 ≤ 2
𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, 2 < 𝑥 < 10.
21 , 𝑥 ≥ 10
2. Find the relationship between ‘a’ and ‘b’ so that the function ‘f’ defined by :
𝑎𝑥 + 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 3
𝑓(𝑥) = { , is continuous at 𝑥 = 3.
𝑏𝑥 + 3, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 3
3𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 , 𝑥 > 1
3. Find the value of ‘𝑎’ and ‘𝑏’ if the function 𝑓(𝑥) defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = { 11, 𝑥 = 1 is
5𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑏 , 𝑥 < 1
continuous at 𝑥 = 1.
4. Find the value of ‘𝑘’ , so that the function 𝑓 defined below is continuous at x = 0, where
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥
, 𝑥≠0
𝑓(𝑥) = { 8𝑥 2 .
𝑘, 𝑥=0
𝑥 3 +𝑥 2 −16𝑥+20
, 𝑥≠2
5. If 𝑓(𝑥) = { (𝑥−2)2 is continuous at x = 2 , then find the value of 𝑘.
𝑘, 𝑥=2
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 (𝑥 + 1) , 𝑥 ≤ 0
6. Find the value of ‘𝑎’ , if the function 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 is continuous at 𝑥 = 0.
, 𝑥>0
𝑥3
 𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝜋
, 𝑥<
𝜋−2𝑥 2
𝜋
7. Find 𝑘, for which the function 𝑓 is continuous :𝑓(𝑥) = 3 , 𝑥= .
2
3𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥 𝜋
, 𝑥>
{ 2𝑥−𝜋 2
sin(𝑎+1)𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
, 𝑥<0
𝑥
8. If𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐 , 𝑥 = 0 , is continuous at = 0 , then find the values of 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐.
√𝑥+𝑏𝑥2 −√𝑥
3 , 𝑥>0
{ 𝑏𝑥 2
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
𝑥2
9. Find the value of ‘𝑎’ , if the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0 is continuous at 𝑥 = 0.
√𝑥
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0
{√16+√𝑥−4
1
𝑒 𝑥 −1
10. Show that the function f given by 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑒 𝑥1 +1 , 𝑥 ≠ 0 is discontinuous at x = 0.
0, 𝑥=0
𝑥 2 +1
11. Differentiate: 𝑥 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑥 2 −1 w. r. t 𝑥.
𝑑𝑦
12. Find 𝑑𝑥 , 𝑦 = (𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)𝑥 .
𝑑𝑦 𝜋
13. If 𝑥 = 𝑎(𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑎(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃), find 𝑎𝑡 𝜃 = 3 .
𝑑𝑥
𝑡 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
14. If 𝑥 = 𝑎 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑡𝑎𝑛 2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡, find 𝑎𝑛𝑑, 𝑑𝑥 2 .
𝑑𝑡 2
𝜋 𝑑2 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
15. If 𝑥 = 𝑎(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡), 0 < 𝑡 < find , , .
2 𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑥 2
−1 𝑡 −1 𝑡 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
16. If 𝑥 = √𝑎sin , 𝑦 = √𝑎cos , show that = − 𝑥.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥+1 2𝑥+1 . 3𝑥
17. Find 𝑑𝑥 , if (i) 𝑦 = cos −1 (1+4𝑥 ) (ii) 𝑦 = sin−1 ( 1+36𝑥 ).
𝑑𝑦 1
18. If 𝑥√1 + 𝑦 + 𝑦√1 + 𝑥 = 0, (𝑥 ≠ 𝑦), then prove that =− .
𝑑𝑥 (1+𝑥)2
𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑎+𝑦)
19. If 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑎 + 𝑦), prove that = .
𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎
𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 (𝑎+𝑦)
20. If 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑎 + 𝑦), prove that = .
𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
21. If 𝑦 = 3 cos(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) + 4sin(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥), show that 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0.
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
22. If 𝑦 = (tan−1 𝑥)2 , show that (𝑥 2 + 1)2 𝑑𝑥 2 + 2𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 2.
−1 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
23. If 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑎 sin , −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, then show that (1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑎2 𝑦 = 0.
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
24. If 𝑦 = log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) show that (𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) 𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 0.
𝑑𝑦 1−𝑦 2
25. If √1 − 𝑥 2 + √1 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑦), prove that 𝑑𝑥 = √1−𝑥 2 .

Applications of Derivatives
1. A ladder 5m long is leaning against a wall .the bottom of the ladder is pulled along the ground, away
from the wall, at the rate of 2cm/s. How fast is its height on the wall decreasing when the foot of the
ladder is 4m away from the wall?
2. A particle moves along the curve 6𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2. Find the points on the curve at which the y-
coordinate is changing 8 times as fast as x- coordinate.
3. Sand is pouring from a pipe at the rate of 12𝑐𝑚3 /𝑠. The falling sand forms a cone on the ground in
such a way that the height of the cone is always one-sixth of the radius of the base. How fast the
height of the sand cone increasing when the height is 4cm?
4. Find the intervals in which the following function is (a) increasing (b)decreasing:
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 15. (ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 36𝑥 + 7
(iii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 20 − 9𝑥 + 6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3
5. Determine the intervals in which the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 8𝑥 3 + 22𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 21 is strictly increasing or
strictly decreasing.
6. Find the intervals in which the following function is (a) increasing (b) decreasing:
3 4 36 𝑥4
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 10 𝑥 4 − 5 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 11 (ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 4
− 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 + 12.
5
4 sin 𝜃 𝜋
7. Prove that 𝑦 = (2+cos − 𝜃 is an increasing function in [0, ].
𝜃) 2
8. Find the intervals in which the function f given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋, is strictly
increasing or strictly decreasing.
9. Find the intervals in which the function 𝑓is given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋, is strictly
increasing or strictly decreasing.
4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥−2𝑥−𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
10. Find the intervals in which the function 𝑓 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = is (i) increasing
2+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
(ii) decreasing.
11. Find the points at which the function 𝑓 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 2)4 (𝑥 + 1)3 has (i) local maxima (ii)
local minima (iii) Point of inflection.
12. Show that the normal at any point 𝜃 to the curve 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑎𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 and𝑦 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑎𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 is at
a constant distance from the origin.
13. An Apache helicopter of enemy is flying along the curve given by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 7. A soldier is placed at
the point (3, 7), wants to shoot down the helicopter when it is nearest to him. Find the nearest distance.
14. A wire of length 28 m is to be cut into two pieces. One of the two pieces is to be made into a square
and the other into a circle. What should be the lengths of two pieces so that the combined area of
circle and square is minimum.
8
15. Show that the volume of the largest cone that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius R is 27 of the
volume of the sphere.
16. Show that the right –circular cone of least curved surface and given volume has an altitude equal to
√2 times the radius of the base.
17. Show that the semi-vertical angle of a right circular cone of maximum volume and given slant height
is tan−1 √2 .
18. Show that the semi-vertical angle of a right circular cone of given surface area and maximum volume
1
is sin−1(3) .
𝑥2 𝑦2
19. Find the maximum area of an Isosceles triangle inscribed in the ellipse + 16 = 1 with its vertex at
25
one end of the major axis.
20. Show that the volume of the greatest cylinder which can be inscribed in a cone of height ℎ and semi
4
vertical angle 𝛼, is 27 𝜋ℎ3 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛼.