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16 views

Compre_2

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agarwalanshumaan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, PILANI

HYDERABAD CAMPUS
First Semester, 2021-2022
Comprehensive Examination (Open Book)

Course No.: MATH F311 Course Title: Introduction to Topology


Date : 14-12-2021 Max. Marks: 40
Day: Tuesday Time: 9.00 AM - 12.00 PM

Answer all the questions. Marks to each question are given at the end of the question.
All notations and terminology are according to the text book.
The students shall not resort to any unfair means in attempting the exam. The consequences of adopting
unfair means will be severe.

(1) Let X be a topological space. Let D be a collection of subsets of X that is maximal with respect to
the finite intersection property.
(a) Show that x ∈ D̄ for every D ∈ D if and only if every neighborhood of x belongs to D.
(b) Let D ∈ D. Show that if A ⊃ D, then A ∈ D.
T
(c) Show that if X is a Hausdorff space, there is at most one point belonging to D̄. [5 M]
D∈D
(2) (a) Let f be the function defined in the proof of the Urysohn lemma. Show that for given r,
f −1 (r) =
T S
Up − Uq , where p and q are rational.
p>r q<r
(b) Let X be a Hausdorff space and fix an element p ∈ X. If Up is the intersection of all open sets
that contain p, then show that Up = {p}.
(c) Show that every locally compact Hausdorff space is completely regular. [6 M]
(3) (a) Let f : X → Y be continuous. Show that if X is Lindellof then f (X) satisfies the same condition.
(b) Let f : X → Y be a continuous open map. Show that if X satisfies the second countability
axiom, then f (X) satisfies the same axiom.
(c) Let X be a topological space such that X is the only dense subset in X. Show that any function
f : X → R is continuous.
(d) Let f, g : X → Y be continuous where Y is Hausdorff. Show that {x : f (x) = g(x)} is closed in
X. [5 M]
(4) (a) Let X be a metric space with metric d and let A ⊂ X be nonempty.
(i) Show that d(x, A) = 0 if and only if x ∈ Ā.
(ii) Show that if A is compact, d(x, A) = d(x, a) for some a ∈ A (assume that d is continuous in
each variable).
(b) Show that every compact subspace of a metric space is bounded in that metric and is closed.
Find a metric space in which not every closed bounded subspace is compact. [7 M]
(5) (a) Let (An ) be a sequence of connected subspaces of X, such that An ∩ An+1 ̸= ∅ for all n. Show
that ∪An is connected.
(b) Let f : S 1 → R be a continuous map. Show there exists a point x of S 1 such that f (x) = f (−x).
(c) Find the components of Rl , properly justifying your arguments. If f : R → Rl is continuous,
then f is one of the following: identity function or constant function. Choose the correct one and
justify your answer. [7 M]
(6) (a) Show that (X1 × X2 × ... × Xn−1 ) × Xn is homeomorphic with X1 × X2 × ... × Xn .
(b) Let X and Y be metric spaces with metrics dX and dY , respectively. Let f : X → Y have the
property that for every pair of points x1 , x2 of X, dY (f (x1 ), f (x2 )) = dX (x1 , x2 ). Show that f is
an imbedding. [4 M]
(7) (a) For each n ∈ N, Xn = N − {n}. Prove that the collection S = {Xn : n ∈ N} is a subbasis for
some topology, say τS on N. Further, state whether there is any finite non-empty open subset of N
with respect to the topology τS , with proper justification.
(c) Let τ1 and τ2 be two topologies on a set X. Let i : X → X be the identity function. Consider
the topology τ1 on the domain and τ2 on the codomain.
(i) Show that i is continuous ⇔ τ1 is finer than τ2 .
(ii) Show that i is a homeomorphism ⇔ τ1 = τ2 .
(d) Show that the subspace (a, b) of R is homeomorphic with (0, 1) and the subspace [a, b] of R
is homeomorphic with [0, 1] for any a, b ∈ R with a < b. Justify your answers by explicitly defining
some homeomorphisms. [6 M]

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