FINAL REPORT

ON

RURAL AGRICULTURAL WORK EXPERIENCE

&
AGRO – INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT (RAWEP & AIA)
SESSION – 2024-25

SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY BALAGHAT (M.P.)

SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY

& RESEARCH

1
 “RAWE PREPORT”

SUBMITTED TO

SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH

SUBMITED TO -
SECTION-A (GROUP – F)
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY BALAGHAT (M.P.)
SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH

SUBMITTED BY -
NAME- TURENDRA UPWANSHI
EN. NO. – AG21BAS1069
SECTION- A (GROUP- F)
B.Sc. (HONS.) Ag, 4th YEAR/ Ist SEM.

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUREMENT FOR THE DEGREE

OF B.Sc. (Ag).

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The “RAWEP and AIA” conducted by SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY

BALAGHAT at SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE SCIENCE , TECHNOLOGY
AND RESEARCH BALAGHAT has been a significant experience for us.
The program served as a great learning period for acquiring practical knowledge.
We feel immense pleasure to express our deep sense of gratitude of Dr. Navneet
Satankar Director for giving eulogistic support. With great reverence,we express our
deepest warmest sense of greatness to Mr. Avadhesh Singh Choudhary, School of
Agriculture Science and Research , Sardar Patel University Balaghat (M.P.). RAWEP
and AIA Co- coordinator for this steadfast inspiration unfailing encouragement,
unceasing interest and all other facilities he provided.
We extend our heartiest thanks to Mr. Avdhesh Singh Choudhary (RAWEP and AIA in
charge) for his valuable guidance, useful suggestion, regular encouragement, timely
advice whenever required and cooperation throughout the program.
We are immensely grateful to our RAWEP and AIA course teachers Mr.
Devendra Turkar (Agronomical intervention), Miss Jwala Parte (Survey of village) ,
Miss. Vandna Sahu (Plant protection interventions), Mrs .Vandana Badge (Soil
improvement interventions), Miss. Savita Bhoutekar (Fruit and vegetable
interventions), Mr. Prakash Ghodeswar (Food processing and storage interventions),
Mr. Abhishek Thakre (Animal production interventions) and Mr. Yogesh Kumar
Meshram (Extension and Transfer of Technology activities ) for their valuable
guidance, sympathetic attitude, scholarly advice and ever remembered co-operation
during the RAWEP program.
We would take this opportunity to express our heartiest thanks to sarpanch of
the village Murjhad(Waraseoni) and our villagers for their extreme cooperation and
immense help in completing our RAWEP and AIA.

SUBMITTED BY
Name- Turendra Upwanshi
En. No.– 01AG21BAS1069
B.Sc. (Hons.) Ag. 4th Year 1st
Sem.
Under RAWEP & AIA At.
Village – Sonbatoa
(Murjhad) (Waraseoni).

3
 CERTIFICATES
This is certified that this RAWEP and AIA report submitted as partial
fulfillment of requirement for degree of “BACHELOR OF SCIENCE HONOURS
IN AGRICULTURE” of the SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY BALAGHAT
(M.P.)’’ is a record of the RAWEP and AIA work carried out by student of B.Sc.
(Hons.) Ag. 4th year at village – MURJHAD .WARHASEONI
9NAME OF THE SUBJECT ADVISOR COMMITTEE:-
COURSE
CODE/ COURSE
S/ COURSE CREDIT INTERNAL EXTERNAL
TEACHERNAME
NO. NAME HOURS SIGN. SIGN.
Survey of SVE411P
1 Miss.Jwala Parte
village (0+1)
Agronomical AIS411P
2 Mr. Devendra Turkar
intervention (0+3)
Plant Mr. Ankush Bisen ,
PPI411P
3 protection Miss.SumanBanjare
(0+2)
intervention
Soil
SIT411P
4 improvement Miss.Dhawani
(0+2)
intervention Hanwat

Fruit and
FVP411P Miss. Savita
5 vegetable
(0+3) Bhoutekar
production
Food
processing and FPS411P Mr. Prakash
6 storage (0+1) Ghodeswar
intervention
Animal
API411P
7 production Mr. Abhishek Thakre
(0+1)
intervention
Extension
and transfer
8 ETA411P Mr. Yogesh Kumar
of technology
(0+3) Meshram
activities
Agro-
AIA411P Mr. Avadhesh
9 industrial
(0+4) Singh Choudhary
attachment

RAWEP CO - ORDINATOR
MR. AVADHESH SINGH CHOUDHARY
(HOD)
(SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE SCIENCE AND RESEARCH )

4
 ORIENTED CLASS

1st DAY ORIENTAL CLASS BY: - [Mr. Yogesh Meshram]

 Assistant Prof. Yogesh Kumar Meshram Extension taught about in how to
perform village survey, how to prepare in maps, crops plan, transferring in
technical knowledge to the farmers.

2nd DAY ORIENTAL CLASS BY: - [Mr. Prakash Ghodeswar]

 Assistant Prof. Mr. Prakash Ghodeswar elaborated the basic concept of
RAWEP and how to act parallely with the farmers and actively participation
with them.

 He also highlighted the importance of indigenous and hybrid varieties of

vegetables and fruit crops, primary and secondary tillage, cultivation practices
of different Horticultures crops etc.

3rd DAY ORIENTAL CLASS BY: - [Mr. Devendra Turkar]

 Assistant Prof. Mr. Devendra Turkar elaborated the basic concept of RAWEP
and how to assist with the farmers and actively work with them.
 He also highlighted the importance of indigenous and hybrid varieties of rice,
primary and secondary tillage, cultivation practices of different crops etc.

4th DAY ORIENTAL CLASS BY: - [Miss. Savita Bhoutekar]

 Assistant Prof. Miss Savita Bhoutekar elaborate the basic concept fruits and
vegetables crops, field operation viz. seedbed prepations nursery preparation
etc.
 She also highlighted to horticulture crops and importance of indigenous and
hybrid varieties of horticulture crops.

5th DAY ORIENTAL CLASS BY: - [Mr. Ankush Bisen]

 Assistant Prof. Mr. Ankush Bisen gave us some basic information about plant
pathogenic bacteria, fungus, virus and the diseased caused by them in the kharif
crops.

5
 He also shared the information about incidence of insect, pests and their
management in kharif crops.

6th DAY ORIENTAL CLASS BY:- [Mr. Abhishek Thakre]

 Assistant Prof. Mr. Abhishek Thakre shared the information about Animal
production intervention and Dairy farm, Artificial insemination, Vaccination,
Paneer processing, visit to Veterinary hospital, different Livestock farms and
other programme during the RAWEP.

7th DAY ORIENTAL CLASS BY:- [Mr. Avadhesh Singh

Choudhary]
 HOD Sir gives us the general and basic information about RAWEP & AIA
Programme.
 He also that whatever we have learnt in previous three years is theoretical
knowledge but now we have to do that practically with farmer’s field.
 They also told that the farmer has more practical knowledge about farming than
us but he does not have the technical knowledge, so we have to learn something
from the farmer and also to give some technical information about farming.
 In RAWEP & AIA programme we should have participatory nature and self
confidence in us.

8th DAY ORIENTAL CLASS BY: - [Dr. Jwala Parte]

 Assistant prof. Dr. Jwala Partegive us the information of RAWEP and basic
concept of RAWEP.
 She also shared the related information of village and how to practically work
perform in village.
 They also told that the collect some information of village to committee
members of village.

6
 INDEXS

S PARTICULAR PAGE
No. NO.
1. INTRODUCTION OF RAWEP 10-11
2. INTRODUCTION OF MADHYA PRADESH 12-15
3. INTRODUCTION OF DIST. BALAGHAT 16
4. ROLE OF ECONOMICS IN RAWEP 17
5. ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN INDIAN ECONOMY 18
6. SURVEY OF VILLAGE 19-44
7. AGRONOMICAL INTERVENTION 45-77
8. PLANT PROTECTION INTERVENTION 77-107
9. SOIL IMPROVEMENT INTERVENTION 108-131
10. FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION 132-160
11. FOOD PROCESSING AND STORAGE 161-175
INTERVENTION
12. ANIMAL PRODUCTION INTERVENTION 176-201
13. EXTENSION AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY 202-221
ACTIVITIES
14. AGRO- INDUSTRIAL ATTACHAMENT 222-243

7
 RAWEP GROUP MEMBERS

S.n NAME OF BLOOD ENROLLMENT PHOTO

o. STUDENT GROUP NUMBER
1.
TURENDRA ‘’B+’’ 01AG21BAS1069
UPWANSHI

2.
LIKHENDRA ‘’B+’’ 01AG21BAS1111
DHUWARE

3.
NITESH JIBKATE ‘’B+’’ 01AG21BAS1037

4.
VIRENDRA ‘’B+’’ 01AG21BAS1133
DAHARE

5.
KRISHNA L̥ĪL̥ḤĀR̥Ē ‘’O+’’ 01AG21BAS1023

6.
NIKHIL MANKAR ‘’O+’’ 01AG21BAS1127

7.
AKASH PATLE ‘’B+’’ 01AG21BAS1084

8
8.
RUHANI VASNIK ‘’A+’’ 01AG21BAS1015

09
RAKHI BHARVE ‘’O+’’ 01AG21BAS1011

10
SHREYA GAJBIYE ‘’O+’’
01AG21BAS1116

9
 “INTRODUCTION OF RAWEP”

The pioneer effort of rural reconstruction known as Sriniketan Experiment

has been started by the Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore in the year 1921 at
Sriniketan. Agriculture was at the core area of Sriniketan Experiment as testified by the
fact of association of Leonard Elmhirst, Rathindranath Tagore, Santosh Chandra
Mazumdar and Nagendranath Ganguly. Palli Siksha Bhavana, the present Institute of
Agriculture still carries the legacy of the rural reconstruction effort of Rabindranath
Tagore, the founder of Visva-Bharti Agricultural education needs to be evolved in a
very rapid manner to meet the expectation of the society. Thoughthe students of
agriculture are learning substantial basic and applied issues of science and technology,
they do not possess adequate confidence in starting own commercial venture. Under
this situation, Rural Awareness Work Experience Programme. (RAWE)
is an important competence and confidence building programme introduced in the
Institutes of Agriculture and the SAUs in India. With a view to giving the real-life
exposure to the students Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture) has also
introduced this programme for the students of VII th Semester B.Sc.(Hons.)Ag. This
Programme is a sequel of the recommendation made by the ‟Randhawa Committee”
constituted by ICAR. The Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE) programme
is a flagship activity for the final year B. Sc. (Hons.) Ag. students during the last
semester. Building self-confidence in the agricultural graduates by honing their
professional skills is the key objective of introducing RAWE at the under graduate level
by ICAR. Accordingly, this semester-long programme has been evolved. The most
important area in which the development needs to be continuously accelerated is
agriculture, which is the backbone of country economy. In order to bring about changes
in the knowledge, skill and attitude of the people engaged in farming, a sustained effort
is necessary and thus could be achieved only through purposeful education. Rural
Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE) Programme is a key component in the B. Sc.
(Hons.) Ag. degree programme. The students are given rigorous orientation and
familiarization onvarious issues and problems they can expect in the farmers field.
The RAWE programme for the 4th year B. Sc. (Hons.) Ag. 7th semester
students was conducted for Village Attachment Programme under Student ready as
Student Associates. The Student Associates worked are allotted to different blocks for
a period of 8 weeks under the supervison of ADAPT (Agriculture Development
Associates Programme Team) to created awareness about different schemes and
Programmes of Agriculture department among the farmers through direct interaction
with them.
The Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE) helps the students primarily
to understand the rural situations, status of Agricultural technologies adopted by
farmers, prioritize the farmers problems and to develop skills & attitude of working
with farm families for overall development in rural area.

10
 The students will undertake this program during the seventh semester for a total
duration of 20 weeks with a weight age of 0+20 credit hours in two parts namely
RAWE and AIA. It will consist of general orientation and on campus training by
different faculties followed by village attachment/unit attachment in University/
College/KVK or a research station. The students would be attached with the agro-
industries to get an experience of the industrial environment and working. Due weight
age in terms of credit hours will be given depending upon the duration of stay of
students in villages/agro- industries. At the end of RAWE & AIA, the students will be
given one week for project report preparation, presentation and evaluation. The
students would be required to record their observations in field and agro-industries on
daily basis and will prepare their project report based on these observations.

OBJECTIVE OF RAWEP:-
 To provide an opportunity to the students to understand the rural setting in
relation to agriculture and allied activities.
 To make the students familiar with socio-economic conditions of the farmers
and their problems.
 To impart diagnostic and remedial knowledge to the students relevant to real
field situations through practical training.
 To develop communication skills in students using extension teaching methods
in transfer of technology.
 To develop confidence and competence to solve agricultural problems.

PRINCIPLES OF RAWEP:-
 To make them understand the rural community life and the prevailing situation.
 To familiarize with the rural socio-economic conditions.
 To provide an opportunity to have practical training in crop production.
 To expose them to the research methodologies e.g. experimental techniques,
Management, collection and processing of experimental data.

APPROACH OF RAWE PROGRAMME:-

Experiential learning approaches towards problem solving and improving interaction
with the World outside. The learning process essentially provides a direction to the
students to think and act And eventually creates self-confidence. It helps the students
develop their competence, capability, Capacity building, skills, expertise, in short a
holistic development. However, it requires an Individual‟ s total commitment,
involvement, participation, reception, active interest, dedication, skill, Curiosity, vision
and mission.
Under the changing dynamics of economical and industrial growth agriculture has
undergone a Sea change with new approaches. Therefore, this experiential system in
agricultural academia has Become imperative for better training to the agricultural
technocrats with high level of skill in Combination with the modern out-look and
management capacity

11
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:–
Madhya Pradesh was formed on November 1, 1956 comprising the
seventeen districts of Mahakoshal, Two districts of Bhopal, eight districts of
Vindhya Pradesh, Sixteen districts of Madhya Bharat. At the Time of its
formation, the state had 43 districts. Subsequently, two large districts were
bifurcated. Sixteen more districts were formed in the year 1998. The Chhattisgarh
region, comprising of 16 Districts, was separated to form a new state as per the
provisions of Madhya Pradesh Reorganization Act, 2000 and recognized State of
Madhya Pradesh came into existence on 1st November 2000. Again Three new
districts i.e. Burhanpur, Ashoknagar and Anooppur were formed in the year 2003.
The total geographical area of the state is now 308 thousand sq. Kms. Madhya Pradesh
is Situated in the very heart of India and it is surrounded by five states viz. Rajasthan,
Maharashtra, Gujrat, Chhattisgarh and Uttar Pradesh.

Fig: – Agriculture map of Madhya Pradesh

12
Fig: – Geographical map of Madhya Pradesh

Fig :- Forest map of Madhya Pradesh

13
 ALL DISTRICTS OF MADHYA PRADESH:–

S. DISTRICT GEOGRAPHICAL TOTAL TOTAL TYPE OF

No. NAME AREA (Sq Km) VILLAGE POPULATION SOIL

1 Agar Malwa 2785 711 Shallow Black

2 Alirajpur 3182 547 Medium Black
3 Anuppur 3746 585 Red AndYellow
4 Ashoknagar 4674 904 Shallow Black
5 Balaghat 9229 1397 Red AndYellow
6 Barwani 5432 724 Shallow Black
7 Betul 10043 1409 Shallow Black
8 Bhind 4459 949 Alluvial
9 Bhopal 2772 522 Medium Black
10 Burhanpur 2473 266 Red And Black
11 Chhatarpur 8687 1203 Red And Black
12 Chhindwara 11815 1996 Shallow Black
13 Damoh 7306 1224 Medium Black
14 Datia 2038 636 Red And Black
15 Dewas 7020 1127 Medium Black
16 Dhar 8153 1548 Medium Black
17 Dindori 7427 926 Medium Black
18 East Nimar 10779 716 Medium Black

19 Guna 6485 1343 Medium Black

20 Gwalior 5214 666 Alluvial

21 Harda 3339 572 Shallow Black

22 Hoshangabad 6698 973 Deep Black

23 Indore 3898 660 Medium Black

24 Jabalpur 5210 1457 Medium Black

25 Jhabua 6782 818 Red And Black

26 Katni 4927 951 Shallow Black
27 Mandla 5805 1231 Gravelly

28 Mandsaur 5530 944 Medium Black

14
29 Morena 4991 824 Alluvial

30 Narsinghpur 5133 1075 Deep Black

31 Neemuch 4267 809 Shallow Black

32 Niwari 4317 802 Medium Black

33 Panna 7132 1022 Red And Black

34 Raisen 8446 1497 Medium Black

35 Rajgarh 6154 1741 Medium Black

36 Ratlam 4861 1080 Medium Black

37 Rewa 6434 2732 Red And Black

38 Sagar 10252 2096 Medium Black

39 Satna 7502 1998 Red And Black

40 Sehore 6578 1080 Medium Black

41 Seoni 8758 1593 Shallow Black

42 Shahdol 6205 851 Red And Black

43 Shajapur 6196 1120 Medium Black

44 Sheopur 6585 586 Shallow Black

45 Shivpuri 10278 1424 Red And Black

46 Sidhi 10296 1059 Red And Black

47 Singrauli 5672 746 Shallow Black

48 Tikamgarh 5048 976 Red And Black

49 Ujjain 6091 1110 Medium Black

50 Umaria 4026 660 Medium Black

51 Vidisha 7371 1621 Medium Black

52 Khargone 8020 1435 Medium Black
Mauganj
53 1866.88 1240 Medium Black

15
 ‟INTRODUCTION OF DISTRICT BALAGHAT”

Balaghat district was constituted during the year 1867-1873 by amalgamation of parts
of The Bhandara, Mandla, and Seoni districts. Its name signifies “ above the ghats “
and is Due to the fact that the original purpose of Government in constitution of the
district was In effect of the colonization of the tracts above the ghats. The headquarters
of the district Was originally called Burha or Boora. Later, however, this name fell into
disuse and was Replaced by “Balaghat”, which was originally the name of the district
only.
In 1881, all the above ghat portion of the district, the Mau taluk and the Karola and
Katangi Parganas were ceded to the British. The remaining portion of the district
Remained with the Bhonsle ruler as British protectorate.

Fig :-Map of Balaghat

The present district of Balaghat was at first included in the Seoni and Bhandara
districts; The former also including the present Mandla district. It was constituted a
separate District subsequent to the tract. In 1867, a new district comprising most of the
present Balaghat district was formed “consisting, to the north, of the plateau talukas of
Paraswara, Bhimlat, Topla and a part of Raigarh - Bichhai, and to the south, of the
Parganas of Dhansu , Lanji and Hatta and someother Zamindaris.” The talukas of Seoni
District were made into a separate tahsil covering an area of 1,268 square miles with
its Headquarters first at Paraswara and then at Baihar. The Bhandara portion of the
district Headquarters being located at the village Burha (present Balaghat) in Dhansua
pargana.

16
 ‟ROLE OF ECONOMICS IN RAWEP”

Under third module of RAWE, students have studied different aspects of rural economy
during their attachments to different villages and financial institutions, which included
household and socio-economic survey (demography, cropping scenario, estimation of
cost of cultivation, etc), market survey to identifying marketing channel, price spread
analysis, etc., study on producers surplus, market survey of agricultural products,
survey of marketing and financial institutions. Household survey was conducted for
estimation of cost of cultivation at Surul village. It was based on operational costs
(labour costs), material costs, other costs, returns/yields, prices, owned fixed resources,
etc. Cost A1, Cost A2 Cost B and Cost C were calculated. Gross returns (yield x cost),
farm business income (gross income - Cost A1), family labour income (gross income -
Cost B), net income (gross income - Cost C), farm investment income (farm business
income - imputed value of family labour). Lack of farm mechanization was found one
of the causes of less return.
Study on marketing institution was conducted by the students in Bolpur Kisan
Bazar. Marketing channels of various agricultural products as well as inputs, market
activities, economic condition of producers, consumers and middleman/ traders and
market structure were studied. Data collected with respect to vegetable market that
comprises local farmer, aratdar, retailer and consumer. Per day transaction of the
market was recorded. Thus, marketing behaviour of different products viz. vegetables,
fish, and chicken was studied. Market survey of agricultural productswas also
undertaken by the students. They observed that majority of the consumers mainly
purchase vegetables and fish from Kisan Bazar. The amount of potato purchased was
highest among the vegetables. Study on marketing channel, marketable surplus,
market.

17
 ‟ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN INDIAN ECONOMY”

Agriculture plays a vital role in the Indian economy. Over 70 per cent of the rural
households depend on agriculture. Agriculture is an important sector of Indianeconomy
as it contributes about 19.63% to the total GDP and provides employment to over 65%
- 70% of the population.

In 2023-24, agriculture and allied sectors like animal husbandry, forestry and fisheries
accounted for 18.3% of the GDP (gross domestic product) with about 39 % of the work
force in 2024 India ranks first in the world with highest net cropped area followed by
US and China. The economic contribution of agriculture to India's GDP is steadily
declining with the country's broad-based economic growth. Still, agriculture is
demographically the broadest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall
socio-economic fabric of India.

The total agriculture commodities export was USD 9598 million in April-July 2023
from USD 7397 million over the same period of the last fiscal. India exported US$
52.50 billion. billion worth of agricultural products in 2023-24, making it the seventh
largest agricultural exporter worldwide and the sixth largest net exporter. Most of its
agriculture exports serve developing and least developed nations. Indian
agricultural/horticultural and processed foods are exported to more than 120 countries,
primarily to the Japan, Southeast Asia, SAARC countries, the European Union and the
United States.

18
 SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY, BALAGHAT

SCHOOL OF AGRICULTRE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY &

RESEARCH

RURAL AGRICULTURAL WORK EXPERIENCE PROGRAM

AND AGRO INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT

SURVEY OF VILLAGE (SVE411P)

GUIDED BY SUBMITTED BY
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR TURENDRA UPWANSHI
MISS.JWALA PARTE 01AG21BAS1069
B. Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture
(Department of Extension
4th year 1st sem.
Education)

19
 SURVEY OF VILLAGE

S/ PARTICULARS PAGE
NO NUMBER
VILLAGE SURVEY 21-26
1 VS-1: General information 21
2 VS-2: Population of village 22
3 VS-3: Land use pattern of village 23
4 VS-4: Irrigation facilities available in thevillage 24
5 VS-5: Implement and machinery available in village 24

6 VS-6: Cropping pattern of village (use datacurrent year) 25

7 VS-7: Wages rates prevalent in the village 26

HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE 27-32
8 Information of selected cultivators 27
9 HS-1: Details about family members 27
10 HS-2: Details about land possessed by thecultivator 27

11 HS-3: Details of livestock position 28

12 HS-4: Details of Labour used for one important crop 29
grown by the selected farmer
13 HS-5: Details of material used an estimation. 30
of the cost of cultivation of one important crop
grown by the selected farmer
14 HS-6: Crop production record 31-32
OTHER INFORMATION OF VILLAGE 33-35
WEATHER RECORD 36
PRA PROGRAMMES OF VILLAGE 37-44

20
 VILLAGE SURVEY

VS-1: GENERAL INFORMATION –

1. Name of village : Murjhad(Waraseoni)

1. Tehsil : Waraseoni.
2. District : Balaghat.
3. Distance in kilometers from nearest -

 Primary school : 150 Meters

 High school / Higher secondary school : 2 KM

 Post office : Nevergaon 2 KM

 Telegraph office : NA

 Railway station : Waraseoni 3 KM

 Bus stand : Waraseoni 3 KM

 Tehsil place : Waraseoni 3 KM

 Krishi upaj mandi : Waraseoni 4 KM

1. Transport facilities available in the village : Bike, Car, public bus

service

2. Nearest village (weekly) market

 Place : Waraseoni

 Distance : 4 KM

21
VS-2: POPULATION OF VILLAGE –

S/NO. ITEM POPULATION AS PER

CENSUS
1. Total population 3256

2. Total male 1588

 Literate
1460
 Illiterate 70

3. Total female 1664

 Literate 1525
100
 Illiterate

4 Number of cultivators 500

5. Number of Agricultures Laboure’s 293
 Male
186
 Female
107
6. Other
 Nos. of scheduled castes 21.23%
0.9%
 Nos. of scheduled tribes
 Nos. of scheduled backwards

22
 VS-3: LAND USE PATTERN OF VILLAGE –

S/ ITEM AREA IN % TO TOTAL

NO HECTARE GEOGRAPHICAL
AREA
1. 1Total geographical area of village 432.996 100%

2. 2Area under forest 18.397 4.24%

3. 3Barren and uncultivable land 38.389 8.86%

4. 4Land put to non-agricultural use 20.829 4.81%

5. 5Cultivable waste land 14.00 3.23%

6. 6Total furrow land 24.607 5.68%

7. 7Net sown area 547.899 73 %

8. 8Net irrigated area 382.9 51%

9. 9Area sown more than once 246.15 33%

10. 1Gross cropped area (S.No.7+9) 793.25 106%

0
11. 1Area under
1
 Light soil (depth up to one foot) 219.156 38.121%
 Medium soil (depth 1 to 2 fit) 273.945 47.651%

 Heavy soil (Depth more than2fit) 54.789 9.530%

23
VS-4: IRRIGATION FACILITIES AVAILABLE IN THE VILLAGE –

S/ NUMBER AREA IRRIGATED IN

NO. SOURCE OF HECTARE
IRRIGATION
SEASONAL PERENNIAL

1 Total wells 180

 Well in use. 160 - -
 Not in use 20
2 Canal 01 - -
3 Tube wells 50 - -
4 Other sources 01 - -
(specify) ponds

VS-5: IMPLEMENT AND MACHINERY AVAILABLE I

VILLAGE -
S /NO. PARTICULARS NUMBER

1 Bullock drowns implements 500

2 Hand drawn implements 350
3 Tractor 20
4 Power thresher 05
5 Electric pump/oil engine 50
6 Sprayer 200

24
 VS-6: CROPPING PATTERN OF VILLAGE (use datacurrent year) –
% TO
AREA IN GROSS
S/ CROP VARIETY GROWN
HECTARE CROPPED
NO.
AREA
1. Paddy
 HYV MC-13,27P31,27P37, Patru
6444
 Improve 1010, Jai Shree Ram, Sarojani 386.823 70.602%
,Pan 804 , IR-64
 Other i) Chinnor
ii) 1001
iii) JR-56
iv) JR-81
2. Tur
 HYV ICPH -2671, ICPH- 2740.
10.255 1.871%
 Improve Kudrat - 3, Chamatkar,
Karishma.
3. Wheat
 HYV - 90.155 16.454%
 Improve Ankur, Kedar - Kohinoor,
KSW-1110
 Local Lock -1, Sarbati
4. Gram
 HYV 22.144 4.041%
 Local RVG-202
5. Oil seeds
1. Sesame PKV-NT-11, VRI - 3. 30.510
2015 5.568%
Maharashtra
2. Linseed Jawahar-17, Jawahar-7 (R-7)
3. Mustard Pusa Mustard – 31, VNR-502,
VNR-509
6. Other Crops (Vegetables) i)Brinjal (Azad Kranti, Ankur
Ajay, Arka Nidhi.) 8.002 1.460%
ii) Chilli (Pusha Jawla, Ankur
Monik.)
iii)Tomato (Abhilash )
iv)Potato ( Kufri Jyoti)
7. Gross Crops (Vegetables) 547.899 100.00%

25
 VS-7: WAGES RATES PREVALENT IN THE VILLAGE –

S/ PERIOD WAGES RAT(Rs.) PER DAY

NO MAN WOMEN BULLOCK TRACTOR
PAIR / hr.
1 Kharif season
 Sowing time
250rs/day 180rs/day 700rs/day 1200rs/hr.
 Interculture 250rs/day 180rs/day - -
 Harvesting 250rs/day 180rs/day 700rs/day 600rs/hr.
 Threshing 250rs/day - 700rs/day 600rs/hr.

Rabi season

2
 Sowing time
- 700rs/day 1200rs/hr.
 Interculture 250rs/day
250rs/day - - -
 Harvesting 250rs/day 180rs/day 700rs/day 600rs/hr.
 Threshing 250rs/day 180rs/day 600rs/hr.
700rs/day

26
 HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE (HS)
INFORMATION OF SELECTED CULTIVATORS –

NAME OF THE FARMER - Mr. Lokesh Chodhary

• CASTE - O.B.C.
• VILLAGE - Murjhad (Waraseoni)
• BLOCK - Waraseoni
• DISTRICT - Balaghat

HS – 1: DETAILS ABOUT FAMILY MEMBERS –

S/NO NAME Age EDUCATION RELATION OCCUPATION
(Yrs.) IL P M S G WITH Main Subsidiary
HEAD
1. Mr.Lokesh 42 * Head Farmer
Choudhry
2. Asha 38 * Wife House
Choudhry wife
3. Shoury 16 * Son Student
Choudhry
4. Arya choudhry 18 * Son Student

5. Amruta Bai *
Choudhary 65 Mother -

HS-2: DETAILS ABOUT LAND POSSESSED BY THECULTIVATOR-

S/ PARTICULARS AREA (Hac.)
NO
1 Total land area 3
2 Permanente Fallow 0
3 Current Fallow 0
4 Net sown area 3
5 Area under irrigation 3
6 Area sown more than once 3
7 Gross cropped area (4+6) 6
8 Approximate Value of land (Rs./ha) 12-15 Lakh/ha
9 Total land revenue paid (Rs.) per year 1350
10 Other taxes 375

27
 HS-3: DETAILS OF LIVESTOCK POSITION –
S/ NO. PARTICULAR TYPE OF ANIMAL OTHER
BULLOCK MILCH ANIMAL
PAIRS BUFFALOES COWS
1 No. of animals 01 01 02 NA
2 Age of animals 05 06 04 NA
3 If purchased.
 Year of 2019 2018 2020 NA
purchased. 2300 Rs. NA
 Price (Rs) 20000 Rs. 30000 Rs.
4 If home bred
 Present 30000 Rs. 55000 Rs. 2500 Rs. NA
value (Rs)

Note : NA- Not available

HS-4: FARM MACHINERIES -

S/ NO. Name of Machine Machine’s Year and Present
Make purchase/price Value(Rs.)

1. Tractore 2020 - 08 lakh 5.0 lakh.

2. Cultivator 2020 - 20000 15000 Rs.
3. Thresher 2022 – 2.0 lakh 1.4 lakh.

HS-5: INVENTORY OF RESIDENTIAL AND FARM BUILDING -

S/ NO. Types of building Year of Types of Present
constriction construction Value(Rs.)

1. Types of building 1970 Pucca 50 lakh.

2. Cattel Shed 1990 Tail to Tail 5 lakh.
3. Other Shed Storage 2020 Teen 50000 Rs.
4. Tractor Shed 2020 Teen 40000 Rs.

28
 HS.6-Detail of Laboure use for one important crop grown by the selected former
1. Name of crop - Paddy 2. Area (ha) – 3 ha

S / NAME OF FRE HUMAN BULLOCK MACHINE

LABOUR LABOUR LABOUR
NO OPERATIO QUE-
NCY FAMILY HIRED OWNED HIRED OWNED HIRE
N
Hrs V Hr Val. H Val H Val Hrs Val H Va
OF s .
al . rs . r . . rs. l.
USE . . s.
1. Ploughing 02 12 10800

2. Harrowing 0
3. Leveling 01 3 2700

4. Manuring 01 3 3600

5. Seed raising 01
6. Sowing/ 01 900 30000

transplanting

7. Fertilizer 01 48 1200
application

8. Weeding 02 80 1600

9. Fertilizer 01 24 1200

Application

(second dose)

10. Plant 02 48 2400

protection

11. Irrigation 03 - 1350

12. Harvesting 01 15 9000

13. Threshing 01 15 18000

and
winnowing

14. Transportation 01 3 3600

of produce to
home
29
 HS-7 :- DETAILS OF MATERIAL USED AND ESTIMATION OF THE COST
OF CULTIVATION OF ONE IMPORTANT CROP GROWN BY THE
SELECTED FARMER –
NAME OF CROP –PADDY AREA - 3 ha

S/ PARTICULARS QUANTITY PRICE TOTAL % TO

NO USED PER COST TOTAL
UNIT COST

1. Family Laboure
 man(day) No No No -
 women
(day)
2. Hired human Laboure
owned /hire. -
 man(day) 8 250 2500 -
 female(day) 10 150 1800
-
3. Bullock Laboure 1
pair (day)
 owned - - -
 hired 1

4. Machine Laboure
 owned - -
(Hrs.) -
 hired (Hrs.) 1 hr.
400 1000 -
5. Seed (kg) 40kg 100 1000 -

6. Manure (Q) FYM 700 700 -

7. Fertilizer
 N Urea-8kg 75 800 -
DAP-8kg 75 800 -
 P
 K
8. Insecticides 1 Litr. 1000 1000 -

9. Irrigation charge 3.4 800 800 -

(Rs)

30
 PRODUCTION
 Main product 18 q. 1900 38000 -
(Q.)
2 q. 1850 3800
 By product
(Q.)
Gross Income =
(Value of 20 q. 3750 41800 -
M.P.+B.P.)
HS-8 : CROP PRODUCTION RECORD –

S/ NAME OF AREA QUANTITY PRODUCED PRODUCTIVITY

NO. THE CROP (Hac.) PER HACTARE
MAIN BY MAIN
PRODUCT PRODUCT PRODUCT (Q)
(Q) (Q)
1. Paddy 3 340 Paddy 110
110

2. Wheat 1 16 48 Wheat 16

HS-9 : Disposal of Farm Produce -

S/NA. NAME OF QUANTITY QUANTITY QUANTITY SOLD

THE CROP PRODUCED CONSUMED Q PRICE/ TOTAL
Q
1. Paddy 40 Q /ha 10 Q/ Year 30 2183 Rs. 65490 Rs.

HS-10 : Family Budget of the Farmer -

S/NO. Item Consumed during the year Total Value % of total

Home Purchase
Produced
1. Cereals:-
Wheat 2Q 6000 Rs. 1.227%
Rice 5Q 30000 Rs. 6.138%
2. Pulses:-
Tur 30 kg 20 kg. 9000 Rs. 1.841%
Gram 25 kg. 1500 Rs. 3.069%
Mung 5 kg. 750 Rs. 0.015%
Urid 5 kg. 750 Rs. 0.015%
3. Edibal oil:-
Musterd 2Q 10000 Rs. 2.046%
4. Non –
Vegetarian :-
Chicken 50 kg 25000 Rs. 5.115%
31
 Eggs 200 3000 Rs. 0.613%
5.
Milk and Milk
Products :-
Milk 730 liter 24500 Rs. 5.013%
Ghee 5 kg 5000 Rs. 1.023%
6. Condiments and
Spices :-
Chilli 5 kg 1000 Rs. 0.204%
Turmeric 3 kg 600 Rs. 0.122%
Other
Ginger 400 Rs. 0.081%
Garlic 5 kg 800 Rs. 0.163%
Onion 8 kg 1000 Rs. 0.204%
50 kg
7. Beverages:- 12 kg 2400 Rs. 0.491%
Tea
8. Fuel and 40000 Rs. 8.184%
Light 12000 Rs. 2.455%

9. Clothing and
Footwear
10. Education 2 Student 300000 Rs. 61.387%
11. Medicine and 12 15000 Rs. 3.069%
Medical
services
TOTAL 488700 Rs. 100%

32
 OTHER INFORMATION RELATED TO VILLAGE / DISTRICT
1. INDUSTRY WISE PROGRESS IN PRODUCTION ANDEMPLOYMENT
(YEAR - 2023) –
S/ VILLAGE INDUSTRY PRODUCTION EMPLOYMENT
NO IN Rs. IN DAYS
1. Processing of cereals and pulses 3750 250×5/day
2. Ghani Oil 300 300×1/day
3. Village pottery 2000rs 200×10/day
4. Carpentry and block smithy 1200 400×3person/day
2. EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL IN FORESTRY (YEAR - 2023) -
S/NO HEAD OF DEVELOPMENT EMPLOYMENT (MAN
DAYS)
1. Production forestry 22
2. Regeneration operation 14
3. Road construction 15
4. Minor Forest Product 26

3. INSTITUTIONAL FINANCE FOR AGRICULTURALDEVELOPMENT

(YEAR - 2023) –
(A)
S. NO PARTICULAR AMOUNT Rs.
1. Primary agril. Credit societies -
2. Govt. loans -
3. Commercial bank loans -
4. RRB loans (Total Short-Term Credit) -

(B)
S/NO PARTICULAR AMOUNT Rs.
1. Primary land Development bank -
2. Commercial bank loans -
3. Total Medium term & Long-term credit -
4. Total Direct Credit (A+B) -

33
 4. PREVAILING MARKETING CHANNEL FOR CEREALS
/PULSES / OILSEED /FRUIT AND VEGETABLE / FORESTSPRODUCTS -
S/NO CEREALS PULSES OIL FRUITS VEGETABLES FOREST
(Paddy) SEED PRODUCE
1. Producer → Producer→ Producer→ Producer→Retailer -
service Retailer→ - Consumer → Consumer
Consumer
2. Producer - - - -
→miller -
→consumer
3. Producer → - - - - -
mandi
4. - - - - - -
5. - - - - - -
6. - - - - - -
7. - - - - - -
8. - - - - - -

5.RURAL EMPLOYMENT GENERATION SCHEMES AND OTHER

SCHEMES AND OTHER SCHEMES IN
OPERATION INCLUDING TRIBAL SCHEMES -

S/NO NAME OF SCHEME BENEFICIARIES

(Nos.)
1. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana 233
2. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana 04
3. Samble Card Yojana 23
4. Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana 476
5. Rastriy Pariwar Sahayta Yojana 88

34
6.SELF HELP GROUPS IN THE VILLAGE –

S/ GROUP OF
NAME OF SHG ACTIVITY EMPLOYMENT
NO PERSONS

Durga Aajivika swa Agriculture -

1 15 Tools And
sahayata samuh
Training
Program
2 Sai Aajivika swa 11 Village Survey -
sahayata samuh

Final Report on Socio-economic Study of Village/Farmer:- (This is to be based on

the data collected by the student for the village and selected farmer. He should write at
least one para on location, institutional facilities, population composition and cropping
pattern of the village. Similar report for the selected farmer should also be prepared.)

Observations on Contact Farmers:-

Students will record their observation on following aspects: - (Quantity,Nature, Use
Pattern)
a) Resource base of the farmer
b) Technological Status of the farmer
c) Family budget and investment pattern of farm
d) Marketing problems of the farmer
e) Constraints in adoption on technology
f) Farmers position against poverty line of Rs. 32,000/- per year per
family (Use separate sheet if space is insufficient).

Signature of Student

Remarks of Examiner:

Signature of Examiner

Signature of Officer In-charge

35
 WEATHER RECORD
CLIMATE –The climate of the area is semi-arid tropical. Generally, South- West
monsoon starts from June and peak rainfall occurs in July and August. Usually there
are short and long dry spells occurs between theoutset and station of rain.

VILLAGE – Murjhad (Waraseoni)

TALUKA –Murjhad (Waraseoni)

MONTH TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY RAINFALL

MAX ˚C MIN ˚C MORNING EVENING (MM)

JAN 30.8 12.32 5.2 28.2 0.0

FEB 35 14.42 54.75 30.25 0.0
MARCH 38.2 16.22 33.8 17.85 0.0
APRIL 40.26 23.5 53.64 28.28 8.2
MAY 40.42 23.4 71.5 38 7.6
JUNE 36.8 28.62 77.5 46.6 65.3
JULLY 33.36 22.88 79.4 53.6 55.8
AUG 33.62 21.82 79 53.5 89.0
SEP 33 21.9 75.25 51 35.8
OCT 32.32 19.42 72.6 47.2 48.4
NOV 31.57 15.1 61.25 37.5 3.4
DEC 31.7 13.17 58.25 34.5 2.1
Reference Krishi Vigyan Kendra Badgaon -2024

36
 PRA PROGRAMMES OF VILLAGE
INTRODUCTION –
In our India most of the people are adopting agriculture and allied sectors as
their occupation. So, importance of agriculture in india is most valuable than other
sectors. as students of agriculture sector, we must develop new technologies for more
efficient work in agriculture. RAWE Program is a very much imp. Part to achieve this
goal.
The rural agricultural work experience program (RAWE) is being conducted in
the seventh semester. In this program, all students are divided into different groups are
assigned to carry out different activities under the proper guidance from our respected
teachers know as supervisors and with the coordinator’s co-operations and
participations of villagers. Here participatory rural appraisal (PRA) technique is
conducted to gain experience. So, we were required to carry out the exercises in the
assigned village with help of the villagersand submit our report through different maps.

During the PRA exercise, we were exposed to village situation, and we got a
basic understating of various on-farm activities. Each student developed communication
skills during the presentation conducted regularly under this program. Various exercises
under this project developed this knowledgeof the student and revised all the courses
that we studied for the last 3years. We are now comfortable while communicating with
the villagers. I think the most important achievement of this RAWE programme is that
it has generated interest in the minds of the studentsto do something for the villagers
because we have very closely observed the real problems and difficulties faced by the
poor farmers.

37
 PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL [PRA]

WHAT IS PRA –

APPRAISAL –The word appraisal in the PRA means estimation of value of assets and
act as assessments of major quality and important of assets. In other words, it is the
finding out of information about problems, needs, & potential in a village. lt is 1st stage
of project.
PARTICIPATORY – Means that people themselves are involved in the process of
identifying the problems they face, detennining ways to overcome tirm, designing
realistic plan to achieve the goals and carrying them out -a ' 'bottom-up" approach that
requires good commination skills and attitude of project staff.

RURAL – The techniques can be used in any situation. urban orrural, with both
literate and illiterate people.

PRA is characterized by an applied, holistic, flexible approachof progressive learning

conducted by multidisciplinary teams emphasizing community participants.
PRA a way of learning from and with community members to investigate analyze and
evaluate constraints and opportunities and make informed and timely decisions
regarding development projects.

It is a method by which a team can systematically collect information for-

 The general analysis of a specific topic, question, or problem.
 Needed assessment.
 Feasibility studies.
 Identifying and privatizing project.
 Project or program evaluation.

The different tools used for PRA –

1. Village MAP
2. Hydrological MAP
3. Venn diagram
4. Timeline MAP
5. Crop MAP
6. Social MAP

38
1. VILLAGE MAP –

The cadastral map of the village –Newargaon (Waraseoni),Taluka – Newargaon

(Waraseoni) was collected from Gram Panchayat Newargaon (Waraseoni). Village
maps are effectivetools that help in understanding the geography of a village settlement.
Key Benefits Conducts social mapping to illustrate the layout of houses, streets,
hamlets, and infrastructure in the village. Identifies the most ideal to open schools .

[FIG. – VILLAGE MAP – MURJHAD WARASEONI]

39
2. HYDROLOGICAL MAP –

Collate and visualize hydrogeological information at the global scale to convey

groundwater-related information in a way appropriate for global discussion on water
issues and to emphasize the presence ofunderground water resources. Hydrology has
been a subject of investigation and engineering for millennia. For example, about 4000
BC the Nile was dammed to improve agricultural productivity of previously barren
lands.

[FIG. – HYDROLOGICAL MAP - MURJHAD WARASEONI]

40
 3. VENN DIAGRAM –

The institutional relationship diagram indicating, how close the contact and
cooperation between those organizations and groups is prepared with the help of
farmers. This indicates the importance of the various individuals and the institutions in
and outside the village about a phenomenon related to agriculture. The importance of
various organizations/ individuals for a phenomenon is indicated in terms of size of the
circles and distance from the Centre.

[FIG – VENN DIAGRAM – MURJHAD WARASEONI]

41
 4. TIME-LINE MAP –

Timeline chart is a visual rendition of a series of events. It canbe created as a

chart or a graph. Timeline charts can be created for anything that occurred over a period.
YEAR EVENTS
1905 Canal
1920 Electricity
1949 School
1954 Cycle
1995 Bike
1980 Handpump
1989 T.V.
1990 Toilet
1995 Tractor
2004 Mobile phone
1977 Panchayat bhavan
2015 Thresher
1998 Anganwadi
2000 Car
2005 Computer
1982 Road

[FIG – TIME-LINE MAP – MURJHAD WARASEONI]

42
 5. CROP MAP –

Crop MAP indicating type of crop available on cultivable land in village.

Identifying and mapping crops is important for several reasons. Maps of crop type are
created by national and multinational agricultural agencies, insurance agencies, and
regional agricultural boards to prepare an inventory of what was grown in certain areas
and when. This serves the purpose of forecasting grain supplies (yield prediction),
collecting crop production statistics, facilitating crop rotation records, mapping soil
productivity, identification of factors influencing crop stress, assessment of crop
damage due to storms and drought, and monitoring farming activity

[FIG. – CROP MAP - MURJHAD WARASEONI]

43
 6. SOCIAL MAP –

The village Newargaon (Waraseoni) is located near national highway. In the center of the
village, the houses of villagers are located. There is common well for drinking water in the
village. These social maps created an intense discussion about digital reputation and digital
identities. For companies, a so-called corporate social map is still a very new and unusual
methodology, but also very effective and meaningful.

[FIG. – SOCIAL MAP - MURJHAD WARASEONI]

44