International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)

ISSN (Online): 2319-7064

Index Copernicus Value (2016): 79.57 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391

Land Use Changing Pattern Detection and Analysis

in Mymensingh District: A GIS Analysis
A.K.M.M. R. Golap1, P.K.Sarma2, M. Akturuzzaman3
1
Ph.D Fellow, Department of Agricultural Economics,
2
Senior Scientific Officer, BAU Research System (BAURES)
3
Professor of the Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract: The land use pattern of Bangladesh is rapidly changing over the time for climatic changes, population growth, and
urbanization as well as changing sub-system of commercial farming. This study aims to examine the trend of land use changes due to
transforming rice land into fish farming in three Upazilas of Mymensingh district. The major focus was to see the agricultural land use
pattern and the trend in change of land uses. For analyses data, Landsat MSS-1977, TM-2006, TM-2011, and TM-2016 and GIS
techniques were used and secondary data were collected from with ERDAS Imagine Software because GIS is the best accuracy method
for assessing reference data sets derived from high-resolution satellite data and ground truth field investigation data. Evidence shows
that agricultural land of the study area has been decreased by 20.04% during the past 10 years and at a rate of 2.00% per year which is
more than national level (1.00%). On the other hand, 13.07% agricultural land transforming into fish farming in the past 10 years and
at a rate of 1.31% per year due to water logging. The fish farming is more profitable than rice farming as well as seasonal casual labour
shortage in the study area, it indicates that traditional agriculture is becoming capital intensive day by day. If this rate continues, the
agricultural land will be totally eliminated in future. These land use transformations posed a serious threat to crop land resources.
Hence, the realistic land change scenarios may be considered for natural resource management and furnish meaningful decision-
making by the policy planners of Government of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Land use, Changing pattern, GIS Analysis

1. Introduction influencing factors of land use in the study areas. The

findings of the study furnished meaningful decision-making
Land is one of the most important resources in a highly for policy planners to conserve and/or exploit land resources
populous and land-scarce country like Bangladesh. The land in Bangladesh in a more sustainable manner. Important input
use changing pattern detection in the study areas is an parameter for a number of agricultural hydrological and
outcome of natural and socio-economic factors and their ecological models, which constitute necessary tools for
judicious utilization by man in time and space is seriously development planning and management of natural resources
concerned. The terms ―land use (LU)‖ and ―land cover
(LC)‖ are often used simultaneously to describe maps that 2. Material and Methods
provide information about the types of features found on the
earth’s surface is called land cover and the human activities The study carried out in three upazilas (namely,
that is associated with them. Land cover is an in the study Muktagasha, Fulbaria and Trislal) under Mymensingh
areas. Bangladesh used to face many factors in recent years district of Bangladesh. Three Upazilas were purposely
that divided land use and land cover changes (LUCC) such selected for the study due to rapidly changing urbanization,
as population dynamics; rapid changes in economic growt, commercial utilization of land and fact that a considerable
climate change, construction of roads and highways, amount of land converting into fish farming. The purposive
electrification, more advanced agriculture, technology and sampling technique was used in this study and a total of 600
irrigation facilities, extended education; improved health respondents surveyed from three Upazilas. Field level data
services, new residential infrastructure (Uddin et. al.,2010). were collected by pre-determined interview schedules and
In Bangladesh, few studies so far have been conducted that of satellite data were collected by ERDAS Imagine
(Hasan et al., 2017; Shapla et al., 2015; Ghosh et al., 2012; software because GIS is the best accuracy method for
Zaman et al.,2011; Islam et al., 2011) land used detection by assessing reference data sets derived from high-resolution
using GIS and RS techniques. Few of them focused on land satellite data and ground truth field investigation data.
use changing pattern in the context of transformation rice Collected data were analyses by using descriptive statistic,
land into fish farming. Therefore, the main objective of the regression analysis and Landsat MSS-1977, TM-2006, TM-
present research was to utilize GIS technologies to examine 2011, and TM-2016 image analysis by GIS techniques. The
the transforming crop land into fish farming and identify the subsequent steps were followed during the study (Fig. 1).

Volume 7 Issue 1, January 2018

www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: ART20179564 DOI: 10.21275/ART20179564 1823
 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2016): 79.57 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391
Figure 1: Steps Followed to Conduct the Study
Steps of Work Land set Image Collection
2006-2011 image are Landset 5 TM Image
Band Resolution Wavelength µm Description
1 30m 0.45-0.52 Blue
2 30m 0.53-0.61 Green
3 30m 0.63-0.69 Red
4 30m 0.78-0.90 Near Infrared
5 30m 1.55-1.75 Short-wave infrared
6 60m 10.4-12.5 Thermal Infrared
7 30m 2.09-2.35 Short-wave infrared
2011-2016 image are Landset 8 TM Image
Bands Wavelength Resolution
µm (meters)
Band 1- Ultra Blue (costal/aerosol) 0.435-0.451 30
Landsat 8 Band 2- Blue 0.452-0.512 30
operational Band 3- Green 0.533-0.590 30
land Band 4- Red 0.636-0.673 30
imager Band 5- Near Infrared (NIR) 0.851-0.879 30
(OLI) and Band 6- Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) 1 1.566-1.651 30
Thermal Band 7- Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) 2 2.107-2.294 30
Infrared Band 8- Panchromatic 0.530-0.676 15
Sensor
Band 9- Cirrus 1.363-1.384 30
(TIRS)
Band 10- Thermal Infrared (TIRS) 1 10.60-11.19 100* (30)
Band 11- Thermal Infrared (TIRS) 2 11.50-12.51 100* (30)
NDWI Classification Formula

3. Results and Discussion respectively. The total agricultural land of the study area
has been decreased by 20.04% during the last 10 years and
3.1 Changes of Land Use Pattern at a rate of 2% per year which is more than national level
(1.00%) of Bangladesh (Table-1). This trend suggests that
Two types of data (land use and water body) were analysed the agricultural land is converting into other type of land
in this research. Satellite data that comprised of three years use, especially applicable for the low lying rice field into
multi- temporal satellite imageries (Landset 7 imageries of fish farming and also infrastructural development for rapid
2006, 2011 and 2016) for the month of February acquired growth of urbanization.
from the USGS GLOVIS website shown in Fig.1 and Fig. 2

Figure 2: Upazila wise land use change in Mymensingh District

Figure 3: Upazila wise water body use in fish farming in Mymensingh District
Sources: Landset Satellite Image collection from earth by ERDAS softwere (2006, 2011, and 2016)

Volume 7 Issue 1, January 2018

www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: ART20179564 DOI: 10.21275/ART20179564 1824
 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2016): 79.57 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391
Table 1: LULC change detection analysis in Mymensingh District for the years 2006-2016 (Ha)
Changes of agricultural land over the time (Ha) % land decreased
Upazilas from
Year Year % land decreased Year % land decreased
2006 to 2016
2006 2011 from 2006 to 2011 2016 from 2011 to 2016
Muktagacha 17422.41309 15543.55308 10.78 14722.09384 5.28 15.5 (1.55%)
Fulbaria 19281.16799 17947.06814 6.92 15948.04357 11.14 17.29 (1.73%)
Trishal 17005.61717 14768.69885 13.15 12273.94322 16.89 27.82 (2.78%)
Total 53709.19825 48259.32007 10.28 42944.08063 11.10 20.04 (2.01%)
Note: Figure in the parentheses indicate the percent change per year
Sources: Landsat Satellite Imageries (1977, 2006, 2011, and 2016)

Table 2 shows that total low level water body in the study higher compared to cultivating rice or any other crops, thus,
area has been increased by 13.07% during the last 10 years farmers converted their rice fields into pond fish culture. It
and at a rate of 1.31% per year due to water logging. The reveals that the area of agricultural land decreased by 15.5%,
fish farming is more profitable than rice farming. Secondly, 17.29%, and 27.82% and converted to fish farming by
seasonal casual labour shortage in rice farming induced 13.35%, 8.93%, and 16.95% in the year 2006, 2011 and
converting low lying inland into fish farming. The similar 2016 for Muktagacha, Fulbaria and Trishal upazilas of
findings also supported by Sarker et al. (2006). They Mymensingh district, respectively.
reported that the economic profitability of fish farming was

Table 2: LULC changes of water body in Mymensingh District for the year 2006 to 2016 (in Ha)
Upazilas Changes of water body over the time (Ha) % land decreased from
Year 2006 Year 2011 % land decreased from Year 2016 % land decreased from 2006 to 2016
2006 to 2011 2011 to 2016
Muktagacha 2357.334458 2519.40000 6.87 2672.06250 6.06 13.35 (1.34%)
Fulbaria 2570.150333 2683.96000 4.43 2799.71345 4.31 8.93 (0.89%
Trishal 2576.242246 2819.69002 9.45 3012.80000 6.85 16.95 (1.70%
Total 7503.727037 8023.05002 6.92 8484.57595 5.75 13.07 (1.31%)
Note: Figure in the parentheses indicate the percent change per year
Source: Satellite Images of Landsat 1977-MSS, 2006-TM and 2016-TM analysis

2.2 Factors Influencing on Land Use and Land-Cover Adjusted R2 0.943

Change Chi-square 34.756
Log likelihood 69.58
Socioeconomic factors which were considered and tested by N.B: *= Statistically significant at 5% level
using binary logistic regression model shows the increase of Sources: Field Survey Data 2016
education, population growth, demand of fish, shifting rice
to fish farming, fish prices, farm size and land tenure, etc, 4. Conclusion and Policy Implications
was positively influenced on convent rice field into fish
farming. The regression coefficient expect education and
By Using GIS techniques, it was found that farmland in the
population growth the coefficients indicate these factors
study area decreased by 2.01% per year. If this trend
have significant influenced on land used changes in the continues, no agricultural land will be available in the future.
study areas which is supported by the findings of Lyaruu To address the challenges for protecting agricultural land,
(2002) and Tiffen (2003); Kilimanjaro (2003); Kikula some recommendations have been proposed;
(1997); and Kajembe and Luoga (1996). The adjusted R2
value is 0.94 which indicates the above-mentioned variables
The infrastructure should be developed vertically and zonal
explained 93%of factors influencing land-use and land-cover
growth planning should be accumulated:
change. 1) Rules and taxes can be imposed for new infrastructures
on agricultural land;
Table 3: Factors Influencing Land-Use and Land-Cover 2) Awareness should be developed among the people
Change 3) Adoption of an appropriate urban planning and zoning
Variable Coefficient Standard Sig. to protect agricultural lands from urbanization
(ß) error
encroachment, sand drift, etc
Education -1.409 1.721 0.504
Population growth 1.290 0.810 0.283
5. Acknowledgments
Demand of Fish 3.315* 1.763 0.061
Shifting rice to fish farming 2.439* 0.792 0.029 This paper is part of the doctoral thesis of the 1st author
Fish prices 2.551* 0.616 0.026 entitled ―An Economic Perspective of Transformation of
Farm size 0.941* 0.536 0.022 Rice Land into Fish Cultivation in Mymensingh District,
Land tenure 2.106* 1.102 0.051 Bangladesh.‖ Finally, the authors thankful to Prof. M.
Constant -6.022 1.279 0.000

Volume 7 Issue 1, January 2018

www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: ART20179564 DOI: 10.21275/ART20179564 1825
 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2016): 79.57 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391
Shafiullaha for providing training and technical assistance
on GIS issues related to the study.

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