Quantity Surveying

ESTIMATION OF
MASONRY
ENGR. JACKIE PRINCESS S. GUIQUING

Civil Engineering Department

School of Architecture, Computing, and Engineering
1. Understand masonry materials
2. Estimate the quantities of masonry
units required
3. Define what is plaster
4. Estimate quantity of materials
required for plastering
MASONRY
Masonry elements are the parts of a building that
are made of stone, sand or clay.
SIX MAJOR BUILDING ELEMENTS:

Concrete Hollow Natural Stones (adobe,

Blocks (CHB) marble, pebbles, granite)

Tiles (clay, cement,

porcelain, ceramic, granite) Pre-cast concrete

Bricks Cement plaster

MORTAR
It is a mixture of cement, fine aggregates, and water
used for masonry construction.

The class of mortar mixture is to be determined by

the designer during planning stage or the project
engineer during construction to suit actual
conditions.

Complete masonry specifications must be provided

to the estimator.
ABSOLUTE VOLUME METHOD
The amount of materials for a given mortar mixture
can be determined similar to that of concrete.
The unit weights of materials for mortar are:

CEMENT SAND GRAVEL

94 pcf 90 to 100 pcf

62.4 pcf
1506 kg/cu.m 1443 to 1603
1000kg/cu.m
kg/cu.m
PROBLEM 1
Estimate the amount of cement and sand for a one
cubic meter mortar of 1:3:3.5 gallons proportions. Use
40 kgs. (88lbs) per bag cement. Use 5% weight
adjustment factor.
Materials for mortar proportions:

bag of cement cu.ft sand gal of water

PROBLEM 1 b) absolute volume of each
material in terms of water volume
Estimate the amount of cement and
sand for a one cubic meter mortar cement: 88/94 = 0.936 cu.ft
of 1:3:3.5 gallons proportions. Use 40 sand: = 3 cu.ft
kgs. (88lbs) per bag cement. Use 5% water: 3.5/7.48 = 0.468 cu.ft
weight adjustment factor.
cement: 0.936/1.506 = 0.622 cu.ft
sand: 3/1.602 = 1.873 cu.ft
Solution: water: 0.468/1 = 0.468 cu.ft
a) specific gravity of each material
Vt = 2.963 cu.ft
sg = Wm / Ww
cement: 94/62.4 = 1.506 c) quantity of mortar material
sand: 100/62.4 = 1.602 Cement:
water: 62.4/62.4 = 1 c = 11.148(1.05)
0.936 c
= c = 11.71 say
2.963 35.29
12 bags
PROBLEM 1 Sand:
3 s s = 35.731(1.05)
=
Estimate the amount of cement and 2.963 35.29 s = 37.52 cu.ft
sand for a one cubic meter mortar
Water:
of 1:3:3.5 gallons proportions. Use 40 w = 5.574(1.05)
kgs. (88lbs) per bag cement. Use 5% 0.468 w
=
weight adjustment factor. 2.963 35.29 w = 5.85 cu.ft

Solution:
c) quantity of mortar material SUMMARY

Cement: Cement: 12 bags

c = 11.148(1.05)
0.936 c Sand: 37.52 cu.ft
= c = 11.71 say Water: 5.85 cu.ft
2.963 35.29
12 bags
ADMIXTURES
Admixtures or additives are used for laying tiles and
plastering for a particular purpose, such as:

tightens plastering

improves workability of mortar

reduces and eliminates cracks

prevent water leaks and seepage

MORTAR PROPORTIONS
CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS

CHB are usually

made from
cement and
lightweight
aggregates like
sand.
CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS
CHB
CLASSIFI-
CATIONS:
utilized in reinforced
masonry construction in
which reinforcement is
acting in conjunction with
are used in exterior and the masonry unit to carry
interior partition walls as gravity loads and to resist
back-up for cement environmental forces
plaster or for face brick or produced by wind and
stone. earthquake.
CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS
ESTIMATING QUANTITY OF CHB
Mortar, a mixture of cement, fine aggregates and
water is used to bond CHB. For purposes of estimate,
a 12 mm (1/2 in) average thick mortar for laying CHB
along the horizontal line is assumed. In vertical
direction, CHB are installed with negligible gaps along
the sides. With these assumptions, the equation in
estimating the number of CHB per square meter can
be derived.
CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS
STANDARD CHB
DIMENSIONS
Length = 397 mm (15 - 5/8 in)
Height = 194 mm (7 – 5/8 in)
Thickness:
100 mm (4 in)
125 mm (5 in)
150 mm (6 in)
200 mm (8 in)
CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS
ESTIMATING QUANTITY OF CHB
Let:

h = height of CHB + mortar grout for

laying
h = 194 mm + 12 mm = 206 mm

L = length of CHB = 397 mm

the quantity of CHB per sq.m is,
A 1
n= = = 12.23
hxL 0.206 x 0.397
n = 12.25 pcs CHB/sq.m
PROBLEM 2
Estimate the total number of CHB for a
residential wall having 1 - 0.80m X 2.10m door
and three windows with sizes of 1 – 1.20m X
1.20m and 2- 0.70m X 1.20m. The total wall height
is 3.00 m from the natural grade line to top of
beam having a depth of 400 mm. The top of
wall footing is located 400 mm below the
natural grade line. The total length is 12.0 m.
Assume 3% waste factor.
PROBLEM 2 CHB clear height = 3 + 0.4(ngl) –
0.4(beam)
Illustrate the given problem:
= 3.0 m
Gross area, Ag = 3 x 12 = 36 sq.m
Area of openings, Ao
= 1 – 0.80 x 2.10 = 1.68
= 1 – 1.20 x 1.20 = 1.44
= 2 – 0.70 x 1.20 = 1.68
Total Ao = 4.80 m
Net area, An = 36.0 – 4.80
An = 31.2 sq.m
b) Quantity of CHB
Solution: N = 31.2 x 12.25 x 1.03
N = 393.7 say 394 pcs
a) Masonry net area
PLACING CHB UNITS
A concrete hollow block
contains three (3) full
void cells at the inner
portion and two partial
void cells at both ends
of equal dimension.
Adding all these cells,
one can determine the
amount of mortar for
filling.
PLACING CHB UNITS
The mortar or grout is
laid along the
horizontal joint, which
is called bed joint,
where CHB units will
seat, then, all the void
cells or head joints
are filled with grout.
PLACING CHB UNITS
The volume of mortar per sq.m for bed joints of 150 mm CHB
with 12 mm thick mortar grout can be computed as:

n = 12.25 CHB per sq.m t = 12 mm

Vm/pc – volume of Vm/pc = 0.012 x 0.15 x 0.40

mortar in bed joints per
piece of CHB
Vm/pc = 0.00072 cu.m

Vm/sq.m – volume of Vm/sq.m = 0.00072 x 12.25

mortar per sq.m Vm/sq.m = 0.00882 cu.m
PLACING CHB UNITS
PLACING CHB UNITS
MORTAR FOR PLACING CHB
Grout is a mortar
used for filling
spaces and cells
of CHB. All cells
and spaces
containing
reinforcement
shall be filled
with grout (NSCP
2010).
MORTAR FOR PLACING CHB
PROBLEM 3
Estimate the mortar materials needed for
bedding and filling 150 mm CHB wall
having a length of 12 m and a height of 3 m
without openings. Assume 1:4 mortar
proportions for both filling and bedding
CHB units, thickness of bedding is 16 mm.
use 5% waste factor.
PROBLEM 3 b) required materials for Vfill
Estimate the mortar materials Cement = 1.72 x 9.49 = 16.3228 bags
needed for bedding and filling 150 Sand = 1.72 x 1.08 = 1.8576 cu.m
mm CHB wall having a length of 12 Water = 1.72 x 0.154 = 0.26488 cu.m
m and a height of 3 m without
c) mortar for bedding, Vbed
openings. Assume 1:4 mortar
proportions for both filling and Vbed = 36 x 0.01152 = 0.41472 cu.m
bedding CHB units, thickness of
bedding is 16 mm. use 5% waste d) required materials for Vbed
factor. Cement = 0.41472 x 9.49
Solution: = 3.9357 bags
Sand = 0.41472 x 1.08
a) mortar for filling, Vfill = 0.4479 cu.m
Anet = 12 x 3 = 36 sq.m Water = 0.41472 x 0.154
Vfill = 36 x 0.0478 cu.m/sq.m from table = 0.0639 cu.m
Vfill = 1.7208 cu.m
PROBLEM 3 Cement = (16.3228+3.9357)*1.05
Cement = 21.27 bags
Estimate the mortar materials
needed for bedding and filling 150 Sand = (1.8576+0.4479)*1.05
mm CHB wall having a length of 12 Sand = 2.42 cu.m
m and a height of 3 m without
openings. Assume 1:4 mortar Water = (0.26488+0.0639)*1.05
proportions for both filling and Water = 0.3452 cu.m x 264.2 gal/cu.m
bedding CHB units, thickness of Water = 91.20 gal
bedding is 16 mm. use 5% waste
factor.
SUMMARY
Solution:
Cement: 22 bags
e) total quantity of materials
Sand: 2.42 cu.m
needed
Water: 91.2 gal
quantity = (qfill + qbed) x waste factor
CEMENT PLASTER
It is a mortar for
plastering or coating
exterior and interior CHB
walls to attain the
desired finish. The term
plastering is usually
applied to walls and
ceilings to produce
smooth and sanitary
surfaces.
CEMENT PLASTER
The bill of quantities
required for cement
plastering includes Vm = A x t
cement, sand and water.
This can be done by
computing the total where:
Vm = volume of mortar for
volume of mortar for a cement plaster (cu.m)
given work and A = area for plastering (sq.m)
considering the t = thickness of cement plaster
(m)
specified mortar mixture.
MATERIALS FOR CEMENT PLASTER ON PLANE SURFACES
PROBLEM 2.1 Solution:
Calculate the required materials for a) Calculate plaster area
plaster with 10 mm thickness and 1:2
mix ratio Anet = 31.20 sq.m
Atotal = 31.20 x 2 (each side of CHB wall)
Atotal = 62.4 sq.m
b) Calculate required materials
Cement = 62.4 x 0.169 = 10.5456 bags
Sand = 62.4 x 0.0094 = 0.58656 cu.m

SUMMARY

Cement: 11 bags
Sand: 0.587 cu.m
PLASTER ON CONCRETE EDGES
MATERIALS FOR CEMENT PLASTER ON CONCRETE EDGES
PROBLEM 4
Using 1:2 mixture , estimate the required material for
plastering the windows and doors of a residential
building with the following data:

Main Door: 1 – 0.90 X 2.10 m on 150 mm CHB Wall

Toilet Doors: 2 – 0.70 X 2.10 m on 100 mm CHB Wall
Bedroom Doors: 3 – 0.80 X 2.10 m on 100 mm CHB Wall
Service Door: 1 – 0.80 X 2.10 m on 150 mm CHB Wall
Windows: 3 – 1.40 X 1.20 m on 150 mm CHB Wall
2 – 0.80 X 1.20 m on 150 mm CHB Wall
1 – 0.60 X 0.60 m on 150 mm CHB Wall
PROBLEM 4 Solution:
Using 1:2 mixture , estimate the a) Calculate total length of opening
required material for plastering the
windows and doors of a residential for 150 mm walls
building with the following data: L1 = 0.90 + (2*2.10) = 5.10m
Main Door: 1 – 0.90 X 2.10 m on 150 mm CHB Wall L2 = 0.80 + (2*2.10) = 5.00m
Toilet Doors: 2 – 0.70 X 2.10 m on 100 mm CHB Wall
Bedroom Doors: 3 – 0.80 X 2.10 m on 100 mm CHB Wall L3 = [(2*1.40) + (2*1.20)]*3 = 15.60m
Service Door: 1 – 0.80 X 2.10 m on 150 mm CHB Wall
Windows: 3 – 1.40 X 1.20 m on 150 mm CHB Wall
L4 = [(2*0.80) + (2*1.20)]*2 = 8.00m
2 – 0.80 X 1.20 m on 150 mm CHB Wall L5 = 4*0.60 = 2.40m
1 – 0.60 X 0.60 m on 150 mm CHB Wall
Ltotal = 36.10m

for 100 mm walls

L1 = [0.70 + (2*2.10)]*2 = 9.80m
L2 = [0.80 + (2*2.10)]*3 = 15.00m
Ltotal = 24.80m
PROBLEM 4 b) Calculate required materials
Using 1:2 mixture , estimate the for 150 mm walls, Ltotal = 36.10m
required material for plastering the Cement = 2*36.10 x 0.0307
windows and doors of a residential Cement = 2.21654 bags
building with the following data: Sand = 2*36.10 x 0.0017
Main Door: 1 – 0.90 X 2.10 m on 150 mm CHB Wall Sand = 0.12274 cu.m
Toilet Doors: 2 – 0.70 X 2.10 m on 100 mm CHB Wall
Bedroom Doors: 3 – 0.80 X 2.10 m on 100 mm CHB Wall for 100 mm walls, Ltotal = 24.80m
Service Door: 1 – 0.80 X 2.10 m on 150 mm CHB Wall
Windows: 3 – 1.40 X 1.20 m on 150 mm CHB Wall
2 – 0.80 X 1.20 m on 150 mm CHB Wall
Cement = 2*24.80 x 0.0223
1 – 0.60 X 0.60 m on 150 mm CHB Wall Cement = 1.10608 bags
Sand = 2*26.80 x 0.0012
Sand = 0.05952 cu.m

SUMMARY
Cement: 4 bags
Sand: 0.182 cu.m